Java UDP 广播、组播使用

于 2018-05-17 11:26:06 发布
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分类专栏： 网络
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本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/u014614038/article/details/80348368
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1.UDP广播。
客户端开启一个端口监听数据，服务器端指定该端口发送数据，客户端即可收到数据，服务器绑定的广播地址为255.255.255.255

客户端监听：

public class BroadcastClient {
    private int MessageIndex = 0;
    private int port = 6787;//数据监听绑定端口
    private boolean closed = false;


    public void start() {
        new Thread(new Runnable() {
            @Override
            public void run() {
                System.out.println("BroadcastClient start ");
                runClient();
            }
        }).start();
    }

    DatagramSocket socket = null;

    private void runClient() {
        try {
            byte[] receiveBuffer = new byte[1024];//数据缓冲区
            socket = new DatagramSocket(port);//绑定端口进行数据监听
            DatagramPacket receivePacket = new DatagramPacket(receiveBuffer, receiveBuffer.length);//数据接收包囊
            while (!closed) {
                count();//计算数量，超过五十次关闭连接
                socket.receive(receivePacket);//接收数据
                System.out.println("received packet from " + receivePacket.getAddress().getHostAddress() + " : " + receivePacket.getPort());
                String msg = new String(receivePacket.getData(), receivePacket.getOffset(), receivePacket.getLength());
                System.out.println("received " + msg);
                Thread.sleep(2000);
            }
            System.out.println("socket close ");
            socket.close();
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }

    public void count() {
        MessageIndex++;
        if (MessageIndex >= 50) {
            closed = true;
        }
    }


    public static void main(String[] s) {
        BroadcastClient client = new BroadcastClient();
        client.start();
    }
}

//运行效果

BroadcastClient start 
received packet from 192.168.2.221 : 58458
received hello ,message from server,0
received packet from 192.168.2.221 : 58460
received hello ,message from server,1
received packet from 192.168.2.221 : 58462
received hello ,message from server,2
received packet from 192.168.2.221 : 58464

服务端发送数据：

import java.net.DatagramPacket;
import java.net.DatagramSocket;
import java.net.InetAddress;

public class UdpBroadcastServer {
	public boolean closed = false;
	public String ip = "255.255.255.255";//广播地址
	public int port = 6787;//指定广播接收数据端口
	public int MessageIndex = 0;//数据发送次数

	public void start(){
		new Thread(new Runnable() {
			@Override
			public void run() {
				System.out.println("UdpBroadcastServer start ");
				runServer();
			}
		}).start();
	}

	private void runServer(){
		try {
			while(!closed){  
				Thread.sleep(2000);
				send();
			}
		} catch (Exception e) {	
			e.printStackTrace();
			System.out.println("UdpTestServer run Exception: "+e.toString());  
		}  
	}

	public void send(){
		try{ 
			String sendMessage="hello ,message from server,"+MessageIndex++;   
			InetAddress adds = InetAddress.getByName(ip);
			DatagramSocket ds = new DatagramSocket();
			DatagramPacket dp = new DatagramPacket(sendMessage.getBytes(),sendMessage.length(), adds, port);
			ds.send(dp);
			ds.close();
		}catch (Exception e) {
			System.out.println("UdpTestServer send Exception: "+e.toString());  
		}

		if(MessageIndex>=50){
			closed = true;
			System.out.println("closed  ");  
		}
	}
	/**
	 * @param args
	 */
	public static void main(String[] args) {
		UdpBroadcastServer server = new UdpBroadcastServer();
		server.start();
	}

}
//运行效果
UdpBroadcastServer start 
closed

2.UDP组播
组播需要加入一个组播地址，需要特定端口来接收数据
1.加入的组播ip不一样，是不能收到组播的
2.加入的组播ip一样，组播port不一样，是不能收到组播的
3.加入的组播ip一样，组播port一样，可以收到发送的组播数据，就算自己发送的数据也能收到

客户端：


import java.net.DatagramPacket;
import java.net.DatagramSocket;
import java.net.InetAddress;
import java.net.MulticastSocket;

/**
 * 组播需要加入一个组播地址，需要特定端口来接收数据
 * 1.加入的组播ip不一样，是不能收到组播的
 * 2.加入的组播ip一样，组播port不一样，是不能收到组播的
 * 3.加入的组播ip一样，组播port一样，可以收到发送的组播数据，就算自己发送的数据也能收到
 */

public class UpdGroupClient {
    private int MessageIndex = 0;
    private String ip = "224.0.0.1";//组播地址
    private int port = 6789;//指定数据接收端口
    private boolean closed = false;

    public void start() {
        new Thread(new Runnable() {
            @Override
            public void run() {
                System.out.println("UpdGroupClient start ");
                runClient();
            }
        }).start();
    }

    MulticastSocket socket = null;

    public void runClient() {
        try {
            byte[] receiveBuffer = new byte[1024];
            DatagramPacket receivePacket = new DatagramPacket(receiveBuffer, receiveBuffer.length);
            InetAddress group = InetAddress.getByName(ip);
            socket = new MulticastSocket(port);
            socket.joinGroup(group);//加入组播地址
            while (!closed) {
                send();
                socket.receive(receivePacket);
                System.out.println("received packet from " + receivePacket.getAddress().getHostAddress() + " : " + receivePacket.getPort());
                String msg = new String(receivePacket.getData(), receivePacket.getOffset(), receivePacket.getLength());
                System.out.println("received " + msg);
                Thread.sleep(2000);
            }
            socket.close();
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }

    /**
     * 组播发送数据
     */
    public void send() {
        String msg = "message from client," + MessageIndex++;
        try {
            byte[] message = msg.getBytes(); //发送信息
            InetAddress inetAddress = InetAddress.getByName(ip); //指定组播地址
            DatagramPacket datagramPacket = new DatagramPacket(message, message.length, inetAddress, port); //发送数据包囊
            MulticastSocket multicastSocket = new MulticastSocket();//创建组播socket
            multicastSocket.send(datagramPacket);
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        if (MessageIndex >= 50) {
            closed = true;
        }
    }


    public static void main(String[] s) {
        UpdGroupClient client = new UpdGroupClient();
        client.start();
    }
}


//运行效果
UpdGroupClient start 
UpdGroupClient start 
received packet from 192.168.2.221 : 57242
received message from client,0
received packet from 192.168.2.221 : 57244
received message from client,1
received packet from 192.168.2.221 : 57245
received hello ,message from server,0
received packet from 192.168.2.221 : 57247
received message from client,2
received packet from 192.168.2.221 : 57248
received hello ,message from server,1
received packet from 192.168.2.221 : 57249
received message from client,3
received packet from 192.168.2.221 : 57250
received hello ,message from server,2
received packet from 192.168.2.221 : 51521
received message from client,4
received packet from 192.168.2.221 : 51522
received hello ,message from server,3
received packet from 192.168.2.221 : 51523
received message from client,5
received packet from 192.168.2.221 : 51524
received hello ,message from server,4
received packet from 192.168.2.221 : 63331
received message from client,6
received packet from 192.168.2.221 : 63332
received hello ,message from server,5
received packet from 192.168.2.221 : 63333

服务器端：

public class UdpGroupServer {
	public boolean closed = false;
	public String ip = "224.0.0.1";//组播虚拟地址
	public int port = 6789;//组播Ip
	public int MessageIndex = 0;

	public void start(){
		new Thread(new Runnable() {
			@Override
			public void run() {
				System.out.println("UdpTestServer start ");
				runServer();
			}
		}).start();
	}

	private void runServer(){
		try {
			InetAddress	group = InetAddress.getByName(ip);
			MulticastSocket s = new MulticastSocket(port);   
			byte[] arb = new byte[1024];  
			s.joinGroup(group);//加入该组  
			while(!closed){  
				DatagramPacket datagramPacket =new DatagramPacket(arb,arb.length);  
				s.receive(datagramPacket);  
				System.out.println("received packet from " + datagramPacket.getAddress().getHostAddress() + " : " + datagramPacket.getPort());		
				System.out.println(new String(arb)); 
				Thread.sleep(2000);
				send();
			}
		} catch (Exception e) {	
			e.printStackTrace();
			System.out.println("UdpTestServer run Exception: "+e.toString());  
		}  
	}




	public void send(){
		try{ 
			String sendMessage="hello ,message from server,"+MessageIndex++;  
			byte[] message = sendMessage.getBytes(); //发送信息
			InetAddress inetAddress = InetAddress.getByName(ip); //指定组播地址
			DatagramPacket datagramPacket = new DatagramPacket(message, message.length, inetAddress, port); //发送数据包囊
			MulticastSocket multicastSocket = new MulticastSocket();//创建组播socket
			multicastSocket.send(datagramPacket);
		}catch (Exception e) {
			System.out.println("UdpTestServer send Exception: "+e.toString());  
		}

		if(MessageIndex>=50){
			closed = true;
		}
	}
	/**
	 * @param args
	 */
	public static void main(String[] args) {
		UdpGroupServer server = new UdpGroupServer();
		server.start();
	}

}
//运行效果

UdpTestServer start 
received packet from 192.168.2.221 : 57242
message from client,0
received packet from 192.168.2.221 : 57245
hello ,message from server,0
received packet from 192.168.2.221 : 57248
hello ,message from server,1

组播地址：
组播组可以是永久的也可以是临时的。组播组地址中，有一部分由官方分配的，称为永久组播组。永久组播组保持不变的是它的ip地址，组中的成员构成可以发生变化。永久组播组中成员的数量都可以是任意的，甚至可以为零。那些没有保留下来供永久组播组使用的ip组播地址，可以被临时组播组利用。

224.0.0.0～224.0.0.255为预留的组播地址（永久组地址），地址224.0.0.0保留不做分配，其它地址供路由协议使用；

224.0.1.0～224.0.1.255是公用组播地址，可以用于Internet；

224.0.2.0～238.255.255.255为用户可用的组播地址（临时组地址），全网范围内有效；

239.0.0.0～239.255.255.255为本地管理组播地址，仅在特定的本地范围内有效。

问题：不同网段的设备广播是否收的到的？

情况一：单个交换机划分了多个vlan，不同设备在不同的vlan
结论： 显而易知，一个vlan就是一个广播域，那应该是收不到了

情况二： 单个或者多个交换机连接，划分一个vlan
结论： 收到的到，经我验证确实如此

情况三： 属于不同网络，但是上层通过路由器，使两个网络能访问。
结论： 收不到，路由器会隔离广播

一些网友问这个问题，刚好看了一些网络相关的知识，在此笔记一下，不对之处欢迎指导

楠之枫雪
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