[Nodejs] 16. koa2环境搭建-----目录和文件介绍

1. 入口文件：app.js，代码如下

const Koa = require('koa')
const app = new Koa()
const views = require('koa-views')
const json = require('koa-json')
const onerror = require('koa-onerror')
const bodyparser = require('koa-bodyparser')
const logger = require('koa-logger')

const index = require('./routes/index')
const users = require('./routes/users')

// error handler  错误处理器
onerror(app)

// middlewares  中间件 (app.use(...))
app.use(bodyparser({  // request body的转换
  enableTypes:['json', 'form', 'text']
}))
app.use(json())
app.use(logger()) // 日志格式化
app.use(require('koa-static')(__dirname + '/public')) // 静态文件服务

app.use(views(__dirname + '/views', {       // 服务端模版引擎
  extension: 'pug'
}))

// logger  打印当前请求所花费的时间
app.use(async (ctx, next) => {
  const start = new Date()
  await next()
  const ms = new Date() - start
  console.log(`${ctx.method} ${ctx.url} - ${ms}ms`)
})

// routes 路由
app.use(index.routes(), index.allowedMethods())
app.use(users.routes(), users.allowedMethods())

// error-handling
app.on('error', (err, ctx) => {
  console.error('server error', err, ctx)
});

module.exports = app

前两行引入koa，并初始化一个实例:app，最后导出app。
2. bin/www文件代码如下

#!/usr/bin/env node

/**
 * Module dependencies.
 */

var app = require('../app');
var debug = require('debug')('demo:server');
var http = require('http');

/**
 * Get port from environment and store in Express.
 */

var port = normalizePort(process.env.PORT || '3000');
// app.set('port', port);

/**
 * Create HTTP server.
 */

var server = http.createServer(app.callback());

/**
 * Listen on provided port, on all network interfaces.
 */

server.listen(port);
server.on('error', onError);
server.on('listening', onListening);

/**
 * Normalize a port into a number, string, or false.
 */

function normalizePort(val) {
  var port = parseInt(val, 10);

  if (isNaN(port)) {
    // named pipe
    return val;
  }

  if (port >= 0) {
    // port number
    return port;
  }

  return false;
}

/**
 * Event listener for HTTP server "error" event.
 */

function onError(error) {
  if (error.syscall !== 'listen') {
    throw error;
  }

  var bind = typeof port === 'string'
    ? 'Pipe ' + port
    : 'Port ' + port;

  // handle specific listen errors with friendly messages
  switch (error.code) {
    case 'EACCES':
      console.error(bind + ' requires elevated privileges');
      process.exit(1);
      break;
    case 'EADDRINUSE':
      console.error(bind + ' is already in use');
      process.exit(1);
      break;
    default:
      throw error;
  }
}

/**
 * Event listener for HTTP server "listening" event.
 */

function onListening() {
  var addr = server.address();
  var bind = typeof addr === 'string'
    ? 'pipe ' + addr
    : 'port ' + addr.port;
  debug('Listening on ' + bind);
}

在该文件中引入了app.js中导出的app，并且定义了端口号3000，监听服务

3. index.js代码如下：根路由

const router = require('koa-router')()

router.get('/', async (ctx, next) => {
  await ctx.render('index', {
    title: 'Hello Koa 2!'
  })
})

router.get('/string', async (ctx, next) => {
  ctx.body = 'koa2 string'
})

router.get('/json', async (ctx, next) => {
  ctx.body = {
    title: 'koa2 json'
  }
})

module.exports = router

设置路由并且设置返回的数据及格式

4. users.js 定义有users前缀的路由以及返回数据，代码如下

const router = require('koa-router')()

router.prefix('/users')

router.get('/', function (ctx, next) {
  ctx.body = 'this is a users response!'
})

router.get('/bar', function (ctx, next) {
  ctx.body = 'this is a users/bar response'
})

module.exports = router

此时若输入:http://localhost:3000/users/ 则有如下返回：