#Tomcat Session
对于session 是一个老生畅谈的话题了，Session管理是JavaEE容器比较重要的一部分，
Tomcat中主要由每个context容器内的一个Manager对象来管理session。对于这个manager对象的实现，可以根据tomcat提供的接口或基类来自己定制，同时，tomcat也提供了标准实现。
在每个context对象，即web app都具有一个独立的manager对象。通过server.xml可以配置定制化的manager，也可以不配置。不管怎样，在生成context对象时，都会生成一个manager对象。缺省的是StandardManager类，在Tomcat 中，Session 是保存到一个ConcurrentHashMap 中的。
/**
* Minimal implementation of the <b>Manager</b> interface that supports
* no session persistence or distributable capabilities. This class may
* be subclassed to create more sophisticated Manager implementations.
*
* @author Craig R. McClanahan
*/
public abstract class ManagerBase extends LifecycleMBeanBase implements Manager {
/**
* The set of currently active Sessions for this Manager, keyed by
* session identifier.
*/
protected Map<String, Session> sessions = new ConcurrentHashMap<>();
...
}
Session 自定义化，可以实现标准servlet的session接口：
javax.servlet.http.HttpSession
Tomcat也提供了标准的session实现：
org.apache.catalina.session.StandardSession
/**
* Standard implementation of the <b>Session</b> interface. This object is
* serializable, so that it can be stored in persistent storage or transferred
* to a different JVM for distributable session support.
* <p>
* <b>IMPLEMENTATION NOTE</b>: An instance of this class represents both the
* internal (Session) and application level (HttpSession) view of the session.
* However, because the class itself is not declared public, Java logic outside
* of the <code>org.apache.catalina.session</code> package cannot cast an
* HttpSession view of this instance back to a Session view.
* <p>
* <b>IMPLEMENTATION NOTE</b>: If you add fields to this class, you must
* make sure that you carry them over in the read/writeObject methods so
* that this class is properly serialized.
*
* @author Craig R. McClanahan
* @author Sean Legassick
* @author <a href="mailto:jon@latchkey.com">Jon S. Stevens</a>
*/
public class StandardSession implements HttpSession, Session, Serializable {
/**
* Construct a new Session associated with the specified Manager.
*
* @param manager The manager with which this Session is associated
*/
public StandardSession(Manager manager) {
super();
this.manager = manager;
// Initialize access count
if (ACTIVITY_CHECK) {
accessCount = new AtomicInteger();
}
}
...
}
今天的目的不是讨论Tomcat 对session的管理，这里只是做个引子，方便感兴趣的朋友深入了解，今天我们主要看Spring 如果接管 Session的，并且使用Redis作为Session的存储容器。
#Spring Session
这篇文章并不是深入剖析Spring Session的结构，主要是一起来看看Spring 是如何接管Session的，从中学习一些架构思想。
##Spring Session 基于XML的配置
注意：下面的配置是核心配置，而非全部配置
spring 配置文件：
<bean id="redisHttpSessionConfiguration"
class="org.springframework.session.data.redis.config.annotation.web.http.RedisHttpSessionConfiguration">
<property name="maxInactiveIntervalInSeconds" value="1800" />
</bean>
web.xml:
<filter>
<filter-name>springSessionRepositoryFilter</filter-name>
<filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.DelegatingFilterProxy</filter-class>
</filter>
<filter-mapping>
<filter-name>springSessionRepositoryFilter</filter-name>
<url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
</filter-mapping>
##DelegatingFilterProxy
DelegatingFilterProxy 是一个Filter的代理类，DelegatingFilterProxy 继承自 GenericFilterBean，GenericFilterBean是一个抽象类，分别实现了 Filter, BeanNameAware, EnvironmentAware, ServletContextAware, InitializingBean, DisposableBean接口，继承关系如下图：
对于Filter 来说，最重要肯定就是初始化（init）和doFilter 方法了，初始化方法在父类GenericFilterBean 中:
/**
* Standard way of initializing this filter.
* Map config parameters onto bean properties of this filter, and
* invoke subclass initialization.
* @param filterConfig the configuration for this filter
* @throws ServletException if bean properties are invalid (or required
* properties are missing), or if subclass initialization fails.
* @see #initFilterBean
*/
@Override
public final void init(FilterConfig filterConfig) throws ServletException {
...//省略部分代码
// Let subclasses do whatever initialization they like.
initFilterBean(); //注意这里
if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) {
logger.debug("Filter '" + filterConfig.getFilterName() + "' configured successfully");
}
}
initFilterBean在子类中实现，也就是说当DelegatingFilterProxy 在执行Filter的 init 方法时，会调用 initFilterBean方法，如下：
@Override
protected void initFilterBean() throws ServletException {
synchronized (this.delegateMonitor) {
// delegate 为实际的Filter
if (this.delegate == null) {
// If no target bean name specified, use filter name.
if (this.targetBeanName == null) {
//这里的targetBeanName 便是我们web.xml 中配置的springSessionRepositoryFilter
this.targetBeanName = getFilterName();
}
// Fetch Spring root application context and initialize the delegate early,
// if possible. If the root application context will be started after this
// filter proxy, we'll have to resort to lazy initialization.
WebApplicationContext wac = findWebApplicationContext();
if (wac != null) {
//初始化Filter
this.delegate = initDelegate(wac);
}
}
}
}
delegate 为真正的Filter,通过web.xml 中配置的Filter 名字（即:springSessionRepositoryFilter）来获取这个Filter，我们继续往下看initDelegate 这个方法：
protected Filter initDelegate(WebApplicationContext wac) throws ServletException {
Filter delegate = wac.getBean(getTargetBeanName(), Filter.class);
if (isTargetFilterLifecycle()) {
delegate.init(getFilterConfig());
}
return delegate;
}
通过上下文，获取到这个Filter Bean,然后初始化这个Filter。但是我们似乎没有手动配置这个Bean，那么这个切入点就是我们开始在spring 配置文件中声明的 RedisHttpSessionConfiguration 这个bean了。
##SessionRepositoryFilter
Spring Session 在 RedisHttpSessionConfiguration以及它的父类 SpringHttpSessionConfiguration中 自动生成了许多Bean，这里我只列举了springSessionRepositoryFilter 这个Bean,而这个Bean 是SessionRepositoryFilter 类型的。
@Configuration
public class SpringHttpSessionConfiguration {
private CookieHttpSessionStrategy defaultHttpSessionStrategy = new CookieHttpSessionStrategy();
private HttpSessionStrategy httpSessionStrategy = this.defaultHttpSessionStrategy;
@Bean
public <S extends ExpiringSession> SessionRepositoryFilter<? extends ExpiringSession> springSessionRepositoryFilter(
SessionRepository<S> sessionRepository) {
//传入 sessionRepository
SessionRepositoryFilter<S> sessionRepositoryFilter = new SessionRepositoryFilter<S>(
sessionRepository);
sessionRepositoryFilter.setServletContext(this.servletContext);
if (this.httpSessionStrategy instanceof MultiHttpSessionStrategy) {
sessionRepositoryFilter.setHttpSessionStrategy(
(MultiHttpSessionStrategy) this.httpSessionStrategy);
}
else {
sessionRepositoryFilter.setHttpSessionStrategy(this.httpSessionStrategy);
}
return sessionRepositoryFilter;
}
##RedisOperationsSessionRepository
现在我们知道，DelegatingFilterProxy 中真正的Filter是SessionRepositoryFilter，在生成SessionRepositoryFilter 是传入了sessionRepository，通过名字我们大概知道，这个应该是具体操作session的类，而这个类又具体是什么呢？，看下面的代码：
@Bean
public RedisOperationsSessionRepository sessionRepository(
@Qualifier("sessionRedisTemplate") RedisOperations<Object, Object> sessionRedisTemplate,
ApplicationEventPublisher applicationEventPublisher) {
RedisOperationsSessionRepository sessionRepository = new RedisOperationsSessionRepository(
sessionRedisTemplate);
sessionRepository.setApplicationEventPublisher(applicationEventPublisher);
sessionRepository
.setDefaultMaxInactiveInterval(this.maxInactiveIntervalInSeconds);
if (this.defaultRedisSerializer != null) {
sessionRepository.setDefaultSerializer(this.defaultRedisSerializer);
}
String redisNamespace = getRedisNamespace();
if (StringUtils.hasText(redisNamespace)) {
sessionRepository.setRedisKeyNamespace(redisNamespace);
}
sessionRepository.setRedisFlushMode(this.redisFlushMode);
return sessionRepository;
}
到这里我们知道，这个sessionRepository 具体就是：RedisOperationsSessionRepository ，这个类就是实际通过redis 操作session的类，这里就不展开了，后面会简单看一下。
好了，现在回到 DelegatingFilterProxy -> initFilterBean 方法，具体的Filter 已经找到了，这个Filter 就是SessionRepositoryFilter，那么这个Filter 又是在什么时候生效的呢?,接下来我们看 DelegatingFilterProxy 的doFilter 方法。
DelegatingFilterProxy -> doFilter:
@Override
public void doFilter(ServletRequest request, ServletResponse response, FilterChain filterChain)
throws ServletException, IOException {
// Lazily initialize the delegate if necessary.
Filter delegateToUse = this.delegate;
if (delegateToUse == null) {
synchronized (this.delegateMonitor) {
delegateToUse = this.delegate;
if (delegateToUse == null) {
WebApplicationContext wac = findWebApplicationContext();
if (wac == null) {
throw new IllegalStateException("No WebApplicationContext found: " +
"no ContextLoaderListener or DispatcherServlet registered?");
}
delegateToUse = initDelegate(wac);
}
this.delegate = delegateToUse;
}
}
// Let the delegate perform the actual doFilter operation.
invokeDelegate(delegateToUse, request, response, filterChain);
}
注意 invokeDelegate 方法，进去看看：
protected void invokeDelegate(
Filter delegate, ServletRequest request, ServletResponse response, FilterChain filterChain)
throws ServletException, IOException {
//调用 delegate的 doFilter 方法
delegate.doFilter(request, response, filterChain);
}
这里我们大概知道了，DelegatingFilterProxy 实际上是委托给delegate 的，而这里的delegate 是SessionRepositoryFilter，现在我们又回到 SessionRepositoryFilter看看：
SessionRepositoryFilter 没有重写 doFilter 方法，因此查看父类：OncePerRequestFilter，通过名字我们知道，这个Filter 只执行一次
OncePerRequestFilter -> doFilter:
/**
* This {@code doFilter} implementation stores a request attribute for
* "already filtered", proceeding without filtering again if the attribute is already
* there.
*/
public final void doFilter(ServletRequest request, ServletResponse response,
FilterChain filterChain) throws ServletException, IOException {
if (!(request instanceof HttpServletRequest)
|| !(response instanceof HttpServletResponse)) {
throw new ServletException(
"OncePerRequestFilter just supports HTTP requests");
}
HttpServletRequest httpRequest = (HttpServletRequest) request;
HttpServletResponse httpResponse = (HttpServletResponse) response;
//查看是否已经过滤了
boolean hasAlreadyFilteredAttribute = request
.getAttribute(this.alreadyFilteredAttributeName) != null;
if (hasAlreadyFilteredAttribute) {
// Proceed without invoking this filter...
filterChain.doFilter(request, response);
}
else {
// Do invoke this filter...
//加入已经过滤标志
request.setAttribute(this.alreadyFilteredAttributeName, Boolean.TRUE);
try {
//调用 doFilterInternal
doFilterInternal(httpRequest, httpResponse, filterChain);
}
finally {
// Remove the "already filtered" request attribute for this request.
request.removeAttribute(this.alreadyFilteredAttributeName);
}
}
}
在该方法中，会检查该请求是否已经被过滤了，如果过滤过了那么执行下一个Filter，否则放入已过滤标识，然后执行Filter 功能，doFilterInternal 在SessionRepositoryFilter 被重写
SessionRepositoryFilter -> doFilterInternal:
@Override
protected void doFilterInternal(HttpServletRequest request,
HttpServletResponse response, FilterChain filterChain)
throws ServletException, IOException {
request.setAttribute(SESSION_REPOSITORY_ATTR, this.sessionRepository);
SessionRepositoryRequestWrapper wrappedRequest = new SessionRepositoryRequestWrapper(
request, response, this.servletContext);
SessionRepositoryResponseWrapper wrappedResponse = new SessionRepositoryResponseWrapper(
wrappedRequest, response);
//包装 request,response
HttpServletRequest strategyRequest = this.httpSessionStrategy
.wrapRequest(wrappedRequest, wrappedResponse);
HttpServletResponse strategyResponse = this.httpSessionStrategy
.wrapResponse(wrappedRequest, wrappedResponse);
try {
filterChain.doFilter(strategyRequest, strategyResponse);
}
finally {
//更新session
wrappedRequest.commitSession();
}
}
Spring 接管Tomcat 的session 主要在这里可以看出来，Spring会包装HttpServletRequest ，HttpServletResponse ，当执行了这个Filter后，将包装了 request,response 专递到后面，这样后面所使用的都是spring 包装过的，这样在获取session的接口，就被spring 所控制了，当由服务器返回给用户是，调用commitSession,更新session。
具接下来我们看一下SessionRepositoryRequestWrapper 这个类：
private S getSession(String sessionId) {
//通过sessionRepository 获取session,在redis 中 这里的 sessionRepository 是RedisOperationsSessionRepository
S session = SessionRepositoryFilter.this.sessionRepository
.getSession(sessionId);
if (session == null) {
return null;
}
session.setLastAccessedTime(System.currentTimeMillis());
return session;
}
// 重写 父类 getSession 方法
@Override
public HttpSessionWrapper getSession(boolean create) {
HttpSessionWrapper currentSession = getCurrentSession();
if (currentSession != null) {
return currentSession;
}
//从当前请求获取sessionId
String requestedSessionId = getRequestedSessionId();
if (requestedSessionId != null
&& getAttribute(INVALID_SESSION_ID_ATTR) == null) {
S session = getSession(requestedSessionId);
if (session != null) {
this.requestedSessionIdValid = true;
//对Spring session 进行包装(包装成HttpSession)
currentSession = new HttpSessionWrapper(session, getServletContext());
currentSession.setNew(false);
setCurrentSession(currentSession);
return currentSession;
}
else {
// This is an invalid session id. No need to ask again if
// request.getSession is invoked for the duration of this request
setAttribute(INVALID_SESSION_ID_ATTR, "true");
}
}
if (!create) {
return null;
}
S session = SessionRepositoryFilter.this.sessionRepository.createSession();
session.setLastAccessedTime(System.currentTimeMillis());
//对Spring session 进行包装(包装成HttpSession)
currentSession = new HttpSessionWrapper(session, getServletContext());
setCurrentSession(currentSession);
return currentSession;
}
到这里应该就很清楚了，对HttpServletRequest 进行包装，然后重写对Session操作的接口，内部调用 SessionRepository 的实现类来对session 进行操作，ok,这下终于明白Spring Session 是如何控制session的了，最后进行总结一下：
当我们配置 DelegatingFilterProxy 时，会配置 filter-name:springSessionRepositoryFilter,当我们配置 RedisHttpSessionConfiguration 这个bean时，这个Filter 则由Spring 给我生成，而这个Filter 实际是 ：SessionRepositoryFilter， 当有请求到达时，DelegatingFilterProxy 委托给 SessionRepositoryFilter，而它又将HttpServletRequest,HttpServletResponse 进行一定的包装，重写对session操作的接口，然后将包装好的request,response 传递到后续的Filter中，完成了对Session的拦截操作，后续应用操作的Session 都是Spring Session 包装后的Session。
##参考
Spring Session 内部实现原理（源码分析）
通过Spring Session实现新一代的Session管理
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