2.Bean的作用域
当通过Spring容器创建一个Bean实例时，不仅可以完成Bean实例的实例化，还可以为Bean指定特定的作用域。
默认作用域为singleton单例模式
Spring支持如下5种作用域
2.1.singleton
singleton：单例模式，在整个Spring IoC容器中，使用singleton定义的Bean将只有一个实例
默认作用域为singleton单例模式
对于singleton作用域的Bean，每次请求该Bean都将获得相同的实例。容器负责跟踪Bean实例的状态，负责维护Bean实例的生命周期行为；
<bean id="accountService" class="com.foo.DefaultAccountService"/>
<!-- the following is equivalent, though redundant (singleton scope is the default) -->
<bean id="accountService" class="com.foo.DefaultAccountService" scope="singleton"/>
2.1.1.意图
保证一个类仅有一个实例，并提供一个访问它的全局访问点。
2.1.2.主要解决
一个全局使用的类频繁地创建与销毁。
2.1.3.何时使用
当您想控制实例数目，节省系统资源的时候。
2.1.4.如何解决
判断系统是否已经有这个单例，如果有则返回，如果没有则创建。
2.1.5.关键代码
构造函数是私有的。
2.1.6.应用实例
1、一个党只能有一个主席。
2、Windows 是多进程多线程的，在操作一个文件的时候，就不可避免地出现多个进程或线程同时操作一个文件的现象，所以所有文件的处理必须通过唯一的实例来进行。
3、一些设备管理器常常设计为单例模式，比如一个电脑有两台打印机，在输出的时候就要处理不能两台打印机打印同一个文件。
2.1.7.优点
1、在内存里只有一个实例，减少了内存的开销，尤其是频繁的创建和销毁实例（比如管理学院首页页面缓存）。
2、避免对资源的多重占用（比如写文件操作）。
2.1.8.缺点
没有接口，不能继承，与单一职责原则冲突，一个类应该只关心内部逻辑，而不关心外面怎么样来实例化。
2.1.9.使用场景
1、要求生产唯一序列号。
2、WEB 中的计数器，不用每次刷新都在数据库里加一次，用单例先缓存起来。
3、创建的一个对象需要消耗的资源过多，比如 I/O 与数据库的连接等。
2.1.10.注意事项
1、单例类只能有一个实例。
2、单例类必须自己创建自己的唯一实例。
3、单例类必须给所有其他对象提供这一实例。
4、getInstance() 方法中需要使用同步锁 synchronized (Singleton.class) 防止多线程同时进入造成 instance 被多次实例化。
2.1.11 代码样例
0.日志输出log4j.properties配置
log4j.rootLogger=DEBUG, stdout
log4j.appender.stdout=org.apache.log4j.ConsoleAppender
log4j.appender.stdout.layout=org.apache.log4j.PatternLayout
log4j.appender.stdout.layout.ConversionPattern=%c{1} - %m%n
1.Beans001.xml配置文件
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans
xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.0.xsd">
<!-- 用构造器去实例化bean -->
<bean
id="singletonExampleBean"
class="com.gaoxinfu.demo.spring.example.bean.ExampleBean"/>
</beans>
2.ExampleBean
package com.gaoxinfu.demo.spring.example.bean;
import com.gaoxinfu.demo.base.Base;
public class ExampleBean extends Base{
public ExampleBean() {
logger.info("ExampleBean构造方法ExampleBean()实例化ExampleBean");
}
public void execute() {
logger.info("ExampleBean方法execute()执行ExampleBean处理");
}
}
3.ExampleBeanTest
@Test
public void singleton() {
String beanConfig="Beans001.xml";
ApplicationContext context =new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext(beanConfig);
ExampleBean exampleBean01= context.getBean("singletonExampleBean",ExampleBean.class);
ExampleBean exampleBean02= context.getBean("singletonExampleBean",ExampleBean.class);
logger.info("exampleBean01==exampleBean02 结果为="+(exampleBean01==exampleBean02));
}
4.日志输出
StandardEnvironment - Adding [systemProperties] PropertySource with lowest search precedence
StandardEnvironment - Adding [systemEnvironment] PropertySource with lowest search precedence
StandardEnvironment - Initialized StandardEnvironment with PropertySources [systemProperties,systemEnvironment]
ClassPathXmlApplicationContext - Refreshing org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext@303bc257: startup date [Sun Feb 11 14:26:33 CST 2018]; root of context hierarchy
StandardEnvironment - Adding [systemProperties] PropertySource with lowest search precedence
StandardEnvironment - Adding [systemEnvironment] PropertySource with lowest search precedence
StandardEnvironment - Initialized StandardEnvironment with PropertySources [systemProperties,systemEnvironment]
XmlBeanDefinitionReader - Loading XML bean definitions from class path resource [Beans001.xml]
DefaultDocumentLoader - Using JAXP provider [com.sun.org.apache.xerces.internal.jaxp.DocumentBuilderFactoryImpl]
PluggableSchemaResolver - Loading schema mappings from [META-INF/spring.schemas]
PluggableSchemaResolver - Loaded schema mappings: {http://www.springframework.org/schema/util/spring-util.xsd=org/springframework/beans/factory/xml/spring-util-3.2.xsd, http://www.springframework.org/schema/jee/spring-jee-3.2.xsd=org/springframework/ejb/config/spring-jee-3.2.xsd, http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.1.xsd=org/springframework/beans/factory/xml/spring-beans-3.1.xsd, http://www.springframework.org/schema/task/spring-task.xsd=org/springframework/scheduling/config/spring-task-3.2.xsd, http://www.springframework.org/schema/cache/spring-cache.xsd=org/springframework/cache/config/spring-cache-3.2.xsd, http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-3.0.xsd=org/springframework/aop/config/spring-aop-3.0.xsd, http://www.springframework.org/schema/task/spring-task-3.1.xsd=org/springframework/scheduling/config/spring-task-3.1.xsd, http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-2.0.xsd=org/springframework/aop/config/spring-aop-2.0.xsd, http://www.springframework.org/schema/tool/spring-tool-2.5.xsd=org/springframework/beans/factory/xml/spring-tool-2.5.xsd, http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd=org/springframework/beans/factory/xml/spring-beans-3.2.xsd, http://www.springframework.org/schema/jee/spring-jee-2.5.xsd=org/springframework/ejb/config/spring-jee-2.5.xsd, http://www.springframework.org/schema/tool/spring-tool-3.1.xsd=org/springframework/beans/factory/xml/spring-tool-3.1.xsd, http://www.springframework.org/schema/jee/spring-jee-3.1.xsd=org/springframework/ejb/config/spring-jee-3.1.xsd, http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop.xsd=org/springframework/aop/config/spring-aop-3.2.xsd, http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-3.2.xsd=org/springframework/context/config/spring-context-3.2.xsd, http://www.springframework.org/schema/util/spring-util-3.2.xsd=org/springframework/beans/factory/xml/spring-util-3.2.xsd, http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.0.xsd=org/springframework/beans/factory/xml/spring-beans-2.0.xsd, http://www.springframework.org/schema/lang/spring-lang-3.2.xsd=org/springframework/scripting/config/spring-lang-3.2.xsd, http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.0.xsd=org/springframework/beans/factory/xml/spring-beans-3.0.xsd, http://www.springframework.org/schema/cache/spring-cache-3.2.xsd=org/springframework/cache/config/spring-cache-3.2.xsd, http://www.springframework.org/schema/task/spring-task-3.0.xsd=org/springframework/scheduling/config/spring-task-3.0.xsd, http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-2.5.xsd=org/springframework/context/config/spring-context-2.5.xsd, http://www.springframework.org/schema/tool/spring-tool-3.0.xsd=org/springframework/beans/factory/xml/spring-tool-3.0.xsd, http://www.springframework.org/schema/util/spring-util-2.5.xsd=org/springframework/beans/factory/xml/spring-util-2.5.xsd, http://www.springframework.org/schema/tool/spring-tool-2.0.xsd=org/springframework/beans/factory/xml/spring-tool-2.0.xsd, http://www.springframework.org/schema/lang/spring-lang.xsd=org/springframework/scripting/config/spring-lang-3.2.xsd, http://www.springframework.org/schema/lang/spring-lang-2.5.xsd=org/springframework/scripting/config/spring-lang-2.5.xsd, http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-3.2.xsd=org/springframework/aop/config/spring-aop-3.2.xsd, http://www.springframework.org/schema/jee/spring-jee-3.0.xsd=org/springframework/ejb/config/spring-jee-3.0.xsd, http://www.springframework.org/schema/jee/spring-jee-2.0.xsd=org/springframework/ejb/config/spring-jee-2.0.xsd, http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-3.1.xsd=org/springframework/context/config/spring-context-3.1.xsd, http://www.springframework.org/schema/util/spring-util-3.1.xsd=org/springframework/beans/factory/xml/spring-util-3.1.xsd, http://www.springframework.org/schema/lang/spring-lang-3.1.xsd=org/springframework/scripting/config/spring-lang-3.1.xsd, http://www.springframework.org/schema/cache/spring-cache-3.1.xsd=org/springframework/cache/config/spring-cache-3.1.xsd, http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd=org/springframework/context/config/spring-context-3.2.xsd, http://www.springframework.org/schema/jee/spring-jee.xsd=org/springframework/ejb/config/spring-jee-3.2.xsd, http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-2.5.xsd=org/springframework/aop/config/spring-aop-2.5.xsd, http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.2.xsd=org/springframework/beans/factory/xml/spring-beans-3.2.xsd, http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-3.1.xsd=org/springframework/aop/config/spring-aop-3.1.xsd, http://www.springframework.org/schema/task/spring-task-3.2.xsd=org/springframework/scheduling/config/spring-task-3.2.xsd, http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-3.0.xsd=org/springframework/context/config/spring-context-3.0.xsd, http://www.springframework.org/schema/tool/spring-tool.xsd=org/springframework/beans/factory/xml/spring-tool-3.2.xsd, http://www.springframework.org/schema/util/spring-util-3.0.xsd=org/springframework/beans/factory/xml/spring-util-3.0.xsd, http://www.springframework.org/schema/util/spring-util-2.0.xsd=org/springframework/beans/factory/xml/spring-util-2.0.xsd, http://www.springframework.org/schema/lang/spring-lang-3.0.xsd=org/springframework/scripting/config/spring-lang-3.0.xsd, http://www.springframework.org/schema/lang/spring-lang-2.0.xsd=org/springframework/scripting/config/spring-lang-2.0.xsd, http://www.springframework.org/schema/tool/spring-tool-3.2.xsd=org/springframework/beans/factory/xml/spring-tool-3.2.xsd, http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd=org/springframework/beans/factory/xml/spring-beans-2.5.xsd}
PluggableSchemaResolver - Found XML schema [http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.0.xsd] in classpath: org/springframework/beans/factory/xml/spring-beans-3.0.xsd
DefaultBeanDefinitionDocumentReader - Loading bean definitions
XmlBeanDefinitionReader - Loaded 5 bean definitions from location pattern [Beans001.xml]
ClassPathXmlApplicationContext - Bean factory for org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext@303bc257: org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory@1018f51f: defining beans [calendarobj1,calendarobj2,calendarobj3,calendarobj4,exampleBean]; root of factory hierarchy
ClassPathXmlApplicationContext - Unable to locate MessageSource with name 'messageSource': using default [org.springframework.context.support.DelegatingMessageSource@2a8ddc4c]
ClassPathXmlApplicationContext - Unable to locate ApplicationEventMulticaster with name 'applicationEventMulticaster': using default [org.springframework.context.event.SimpleApplicationEventMulticaster@2f60877b]
DefaultListableBeanFactory - Pre-instantiating singletons in org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory@1018f51f: defining beans [calendarobj1,calendarobj2,calendarobj3,calendarobj4,exampleBean]; root of factory hierarchy
DefaultListableBeanFactory - Creating shared instance of singleton bean 'calendarobj1'
DefaultListableBeanFactory - Creating instance of bean 'calendarobj1'
DefaultListableBeanFactory - Eagerly caching bean 'calendarobj1' to allow for resolving potential circular references
DefaultListableBeanFactory - Finished creating instance of bean 'calendarobj1'
DefaultListableBeanFactory - Creating shared instance of singleton bean 'calendarobj2'
DefaultListableBeanFactory - Creating instance of bean 'calendarobj2'
DefaultListableBeanFactory - Eagerly caching bean 'calendarobj2' to allow for resolving potential circular references
DefaultListableBeanFactory - Finished creating instance of bean 'calendarobj2'
DefaultListableBeanFactory - Creating shared instance of singleton bean 'calendarobj3'
DefaultListableBeanFactory - Creating instance of bean 'calendarobj3'
DefaultListableBeanFactory - Eagerly caching bean 'calendarobj3' to allow for resolving potential circular references
DefaultListableBeanFactory - Finished creating instance of bean 'calendarobj3'
DefaultListableBeanFactory - Creating shared instance of singleton bean 'calendarobj4'
DefaultListableBeanFactory - Creating instance of bean 'calendarobj4'
DefaultListableBeanFactory - Returning cached instance of singleton bean 'calendarobj3'
DefaultListableBeanFactory - Eagerly caching bean 'calendarobj4' to allow for resolving potential circular references
DefaultListableBeanFactory - Finished creating instance of bean 'calendarobj4'
DefaultListableBeanFactory - Creating shared instance of singleton bean 'exampleBean'
DefaultListableBeanFactory - Creating instance of bean 'exampleBean'
BaseDemo - ExampleBean构造方法ExampleBean()实例化ExampleBean
DefaultListableBeanFactory - Eagerly caching bean 'exampleBean' to allow for resolving potential circular references
DefaultListableBeanFactory - Finished creating instance of bean 'exampleBean'
ClassPathXmlApplicationContext - Unable to locate LifecycleProcessor with name 'lifecycleProcessor': using default [org.springframework.context.support.DefaultLifecycleProcessor@6cf1f051]
DefaultListableBeanFactory - Returning cached instance of singleton bean 'lifecycleProcessor'
PropertySourcesPropertyResolver - Searching for key 'spring.liveBeansView.mbeanDomain' in [systemProperties]
PropertySourcesPropertyResolver - Searching for key 'spring.liveBeansView.mbeanDomain' in [systemEnvironment]
PropertySourcesPropertyResolver - Could not find key 'spring.liveBeansView.mbeanDomain' in any property source. Returning [null]
DefaultListableBeanFactory - Returning cached instance of singleton bean 'exampleBean'
DefaultListableBeanFactory - Returning cached instance of singleton bean 'exampleBean'
BaseDemo - exampleBean01==exampleBean02 结果为=true
2.2.prototype
1.prototype：原型模式，每次通过容器的getBean方法获取prototype定义的Bean时，都将产生一个新的Bean实例
2.如果一个Bean被设置成prototype作用域，程序每次请求该id的Bean，Spring都会新建一个Bean实例，然后返回给程序。在这种情况下，Spring容器仅仅使用new 关键字创建Bean实例，一旦创建成功，容器不在跟踪实例，也不会维护Bean实例的状态
3.如果不指定Bean的作用域，Spring默认使用singleton作用域。
4.Java在创建Java实例时，需要进行内存申请；销毁实例时，需要完成垃圾回收，这些工作都会导致系统开销的增加。因此，prototype作用域Bean的创建、销毁代价比较大。而singleton作用域的Bean实例一旦创建成功，可以重复使用。因此，除非必要，否则尽量避免将Bean被设置成prototype作用域。
5.非单例的，原型的Bean指的就是每次请求Bean实例的时候，返回的都是新实例的Bean对象。也就是说，每次注入到另外的Bean或者通过调用getBean()来获得的Bean都将是全新的实例。
6.这是基于线程安全性的考虑，如果使用有状态的Bean对象用原型作用域，而无状态的Bean对象用单例作用域。
下面的例子说明了Spring的原型作用域。DAO通常不会配置为原型对象，因为典型的DAO是不会有任何的状态的。
<bean id="accountService" class="com.foo.DefaultAccountService" scope="prototype"/>
与其他的作用域相比，Spring是不会完全管理原型Bean的生命周期的：Spring容器只会初始化，配置以及装载这些Bean，传递给Client。但是之后就不会再去管原型Bean之后的动作了。
也就是说，初始化生命周期回调方法在所有作用域的Bean是都会调用的，但是销毁生命周期回调方法在原型Bean是不会调用的。所以，客户端代码必须注意清理原型Bean以及释放原型Bean所持有的一些资源。
可以通过使用自定义的bean post-processor来让Spring释放掉原型Bean所持有的资源。
在某些方面来说，Spring容器的角色就是取代了Java的new操作符，所有的生命周期的控制需要由客户端来处理。
1.example样例
0.日志输出log4j.properties配置
log4j.rootLogger=DEBUG, stdout
log4j.appender.stdout=org.apache.log4j.ConsoleAppender
log4j.appender.stdout.layout=org.apache.log4j.PatternLayout
log4j.appender.stdout.layout.ConversionPattern=%c{1} - %m%n
1.Beans001.xml配置文件
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans
xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.0.xsd">
<!-- 用构造器去实例化bean -->
<bean
id="prototypeExampleBean"
class="com.gaoxinfu.demo.spring.example.bean.ExampleBean" scope="prototype" />
</beans>
2.ExampleBean
package com.gaoxinfu.demo.spring.example.bean;
import com.gaoxinfu.demo.base.Base;
public class ExampleBean extends Base{
public ExampleBean() {
logger.info("ExampleBean构造方法ExampleBean()实例化ExampleBean");
}
public void execute() {
logger.info("ExampleBean方法execute()执行ExampleBean处理");
}
}
3.ExampleBeanTest
@Test
public void prototype() {
String beanConfig="Beans001.xml";
ApplicationContext context =new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext(beanConfig);
ExampleBean exampleBean01= context.getBean("prototypeExampleBean",ExampleBean.class);
ExampleBean exampleBean02= context.getBean("prototypeExampleBean",ExampleBean.class);
logger.info("exampleBean01==exampleBean02 结果为="+(exampleBean01==exampleBean02));
}
4.日志输出
StandardEnvironment - Adding [systemProperties] PropertySource with lowest search precedence
StandardEnvironment - Adding [systemEnvironment] PropertySource with lowest search precedence
StandardEnvironment - Initialized StandardEnvironment with PropertySources [systemProperties,systemEnvironment]
ClassPathXmlApplicationContext - Refreshing org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext@303bc257: startup date [Sun Feb 11 14:37:08 CST 2018]; root of context hierarchy
StandardEnvironment - Adding [systemProperties] PropertySource with lowest search precedence
StandardEnvironment - Adding [systemEnvironment] PropertySource with lowest search precedence
StandardEnvironment - Initialized StandardEnvironment with PropertySources [systemProperties,systemEnvironment]
XmlBeanDefinitionReader - Loading XML bean definitions from class path resource [Beans001.xml]
DefaultDocumentLoader - Using JAXP provider [com.sun.org.apache.xerces.internal.jaxp.DocumentBuilderFactoryImpl]
PluggableSchemaResolver - Loading schema mappings from [META-INF/spring.schemas]
PluggableSchemaResolver - Loaded schema mappings: {http://www.springframework.org/schema/util/spring-util.xsd=org/springframework/beans/factory/xml/spring-util-3.2.xsd, http://www.springframework.org/schema/jee/spring-jee-3.2.xsd=org/springframework/ejb/config/spring-jee-3.2.xsd, http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.1.xsd=org/springframework/beans/factory/xml/spring-beans-3.1.xsd, http://www.springframework.org/schema/task/spring-task.xsd=org/springframework/scheduling/config/spring-task-3.2.xsd, http://www.springframework.org/schema/cache/spring-cache.xsd=org/springframework/cache/config/spring-cache-3.2.xsd, http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-3.0.xsd=org/springframework/aop/config/spring-aop-3.0.xsd, http://www.springframework.org/schema/task/spring-task-3.1.xsd=org/springframework/scheduling/config/spring-task-3.1.xsd, http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-2.0.xsd=org/springframework/aop/config/spring-aop-2.0.xsd, http://www.springframework.org/schema/tool/spring-tool-2.5.xsd=org/springframework/beans/factory/xml/spring-tool-2.5.xsd, http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd=org/springframework/beans/factory/xml/spring-beans-3.2.xsd, http://www.springframework.org/schema/jee/spring-jee-2.5.xsd=org/springframework/ejb/config/spring-jee-2.5.xsd, http://www.springframework.org/schema/tool/spring-tool-3.1.xsd=org/springframework/beans/factory/xml/spring-tool-3.1.xsd, http://www.springframework.org/schema/jee/spring-jee-3.1.xsd=org/springframework/ejb/config/spring-jee-3.1.xsd, http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop.xsd=org/springframework/aop/config/spring-aop-3.2.xsd, http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-3.2.xsd=org/springframework/context/config/spring-context-3.2.xsd, http://www.springframework.org/schema/util/spring-util-3.2.xsd=org/springframework/beans/factory/xml/spring-util-3.2.xsd, http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.0.xsd=org/springframework/beans/factory/xml/spring-beans-2.0.xsd, http://www.springframework.org/schema/lang/spring-lang-3.2.xsd=org/springframework/scripting/config/spring-lang-3.2.xsd, http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.0.xsd=org/springframework/beans/factory/xml/spring-beans-3.0.xsd, http://www.springframework.org/schema/cache/spring-cache-3.2.xsd=org/springframework/cache/config/spring-cache-3.2.xsd, http://www.springframework.org/schema/task/spring-task-3.0.xsd=org/springframework/scheduling/config/spring-task-3.0.xsd, http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-2.5.xsd=org/springframework/context/config/spring-context-2.5.xsd, http://www.springframework.org/schema/tool/spring-tool-3.0.xsd=org/springframework/beans/factory/xml/spring-tool-3.0.xsd, http://www.springframework.org/schema/util/spring-util-2.5.xsd=org/springframework/beans/factory/xml/spring-util-2.5.xsd, http://www.springframework.org/schema/tool/spring-tool-2.0.xsd=org/springframework/beans/factory/xml/spring-tool-2.0.xsd, http://www.springframework.org/schema/lang/spring-lang.xsd=org/springframework/scripting/config/spring-lang-3.2.xsd, http://www.springframework.org/schema/lang/spring-lang-2.5.xsd=org/springframework/scripting/config/spring-lang-2.5.xsd, http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-3.2.xsd=org/springframework/aop/config/spring-aop-3.2.xsd, http://www.springframework.org/schema/jee/spring-jee-3.0.xsd=org/springframework/ejb/config/spring-jee-3.0.xsd, http://www.springframework.org/schema/jee/spring-jee-2.0.xsd=org/springframework/ejb/config/spring-jee-2.0.xsd, http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-3.1.xsd=org/springframework/context/config/spring-context-3.1.xsd, http://www.springframework.org/schema/util/spring-util-3.1.xsd=org/springframework/beans/factory/xml/spring-util-3.1.xsd, http://www.springframework.org/schema/lang/spring-lang-3.1.xsd=org/springframework/scripting/config/spring-lang-3.1.xsd, http://www.springframework.org/schema/cache/spring-cache-3.1.xsd=org/springframework/cache/config/spring-cache-3.1.xsd, http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd=org/springframework/context/config/spring-context-3.2.xsd, http://www.springframework.org/schema/jee/spring-jee.xsd=org/springframework/ejb/config/spring-jee-3.2.xsd, http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-2.5.xsd=org/springframework/aop/config/spring-aop-2.5.xsd, http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.2.xsd=org/springframework/beans/factory/xml/spring-beans-3.2.xsd, http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-3.1.xsd=org/springframework/aop/config/spring-aop-3.1.xsd, http://www.springframework.org/schema/task/spring-task-3.2.xsd=org/springframework/scheduling/config/spring-task-3.2.xsd, http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-3.0.xsd=org/springframework/context/config/spring-context-3.0.xsd, http://www.springframework.org/schema/tool/spring-tool.xsd=org/springframework/beans/factory/xml/spring-tool-3.2.xsd, http://www.springframework.org/schema/util/spring-util-3.0.xsd=org/springframework/beans/factory/xml/spring-util-3.0.xsd, http://www.springframework.org/schema/util/spring-util-2.0.xsd=org/springframework/beans/factory/xml/spring-util-2.0.xsd, http://www.springframework.org/schema/lang/spring-lang-3.0.xsd=org/springframework/scripting/config/spring-lang-3.0.xsd, http://www.springframework.org/schema/lang/spring-lang-2.0.xsd=org/springframework/scripting/config/spring-lang-2.0.xsd, http://www.springframework.org/schema/tool/spring-tool-3.2.xsd=org/springframework/beans/factory/xml/spring-tool-3.2.xsd, http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd=org/springframework/beans/factory/xml/spring-beans-2.5.xsd}
PluggableSchemaResolver - Found XML schema [http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.0.xsd] in classpath: org/springframework/beans/factory/xml/spring-beans-3.0.xsd
DefaultBeanDefinitionDocumentReader - Loading bean definitions
XmlBeanDefinitionReader - Loaded 5 bean definitions from location pattern [Beans001.xml]
ClassPathXmlApplicationContext - Bean factory for org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext@303bc257: org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory@6ab30913: defining beans [calendarobj1,calendarobj2,calendarobj3,calendarobj4,exampleBean]; root of factory hierarchy
ClassPathXmlApplicationContext - Unable to locate MessageSource with name 'messageSource': using default [org.springframework.context.support.DelegatingMessageSource@2c78bc3b]
ClassPathXmlApplicationContext - Unable to locate ApplicationEventMulticaster with name 'applicationEventMulticaster': using default [org.springframework.context.event.SimpleApplicationEventMulticaster@f8622f3]
DefaultListableBeanFactory - Pre-instantiating singletons in org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory@6ab30913: defining beans [calendarobj1,calendarobj2,calendarobj3,calendarobj4,exampleBean]; root of factory hierarchy
DefaultListableBeanFactory - Creating shared instance of singleton bean 'calendarobj1'
DefaultListableBeanFactory - Creating instance of bean 'calendarobj1'
DefaultListableBeanFactory - Eagerly caching bean 'calendarobj1' to allow for resolving potential circular references
DefaultListableBeanFactory - Finished creating instance of bean 'calendarobj1'
DefaultListableBeanFactory - Creating shared instance of singleton bean 'calendarobj2'
DefaultListableBeanFactory - Creating instance of bean 'calendarobj2'
DefaultListableBeanFactory - Eagerly caching bean 'calendarobj2' to allow for resolving potential circular references
DefaultListableBeanFactory - Finished creating instance of bean 'calendarobj2'
DefaultListableBeanFactory - Creating shared instance of singleton bean 'calendarobj3'
DefaultListableBeanFactory - Creating instance of bean 'calendarobj3'
DefaultListableBeanFactory - Eagerly caching bean 'calendarobj3' to allow for resolving potential circular references
DefaultListableBeanFactory - Finished creating instance of bean 'calendarobj3'
DefaultListableBeanFactory - Creating shared instance of singleton bean 'calendarobj4'
DefaultListableBeanFactory - Creating instance of bean 'calendarobj4'
DefaultListableBeanFactory - Returning cached instance of singleton bean 'calendarobj3'
DefaultListableBeanFactory - Eagerly caching bean 'calendarobj4' to allow for resolving potential circular references
DefaultListableBeanFactory - Finished creating instance of bean 'calendarobj4'
ClassPathXmlApplicationContext - Unable to locate LifecycleProcessor with name 'lifecycleProcessor': using default [org.springframework.context.support.DefaultLifecycleProcessor@51c888d9]
DefaultListableBeanFactory - Returning cached instance of singleton bean 'lifecycleProcessor'
PropertySourcesPropertyResolver - Searching for key 'spring.liveBeansView.mbeanDomain' in [systemProperties]
PropertySourcesPropertyResolver - Searching for key 'spring.liveBeansView.mbeanDomain' in [systemEnvironment]
PropertySourcesPropertyResolver - Could not find key 'spring.liveBeansView.mbeanDomain' in any property source. Returning [null]
DefaultListableBeanFactory - Creating instance of bean 'exampleBean'
BaseDemo - ExampleBean构造方法ExampleBean()实例化ExampleBean
DefaultListableBeanFactory - Finished creating instance of bean 'exampleBean'
DefaultListableBeanFactory - Creating instance of bean 'exampleBean'
BaseDemo - ExampleBean构造方法ExampleBean()实例化ExampleBean
DefaultListableBeanFactory - Finished creating instance of bean 'exampleBean'
BaseDemo - exampleBean01==exampleBean02 结果为=false
2.example的对象的初始化和销毁
1.beans001配置
<bean id="prototypeExampleBean" class="com.gaoxinfu.demo.spring.example.bean.ExampleBean" scope="prototype" init-method="init" destroy-method="destroy"/>
2.ExampleBean
public class ExampleBean extends Base{
public ExampleBean() {
logger.info("ExampleBean构造方法ExampleBean()实例化ExampleBean");
}
public void execute() {
logger.info("ExampleBean方法execute()执行ExampleBean处理");
}
public void init() {
logger.info("ExampleBean方法init()初始化ExampleBean对象");
}
public void destroy() {
logger.info("ExampleBean方法destroy()销毁ExampleBean对象");
}
}
3.ExampleBeanTest
@Test
public void prototype_init_destroy() {
String beanConfig="Beans001.xml";
ApplicationContext context =new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext(beanConfig);
ExampleBean exampleBean01= context.getBean("prototypeExampleBean",ExampleBean.class);
ExampleBean exampleBean02= context.getBean("prototypeExampleBean",ExampleBean.class);
logger.info("exampleBean01==exampleBean02 结果为="+(exampleBean01==exampleBean02));
AbstractApplicationContext abstcontext=(AbstractApplicationContext) context;
abstcontext.close();
}
4.日志输出
StandardEnvironment - Adding [systemProperties] PropertySource with lowest search precedence
StandardEnvironment - Adding [systemEnvironment] PropertySource with lowest search precedence
StandardEnvironment - Initialized StandardEnvironment with PropertySources [systemProperties,systemEnvironment]
ClassPathXmlApplicationContext - Refreshing org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext@303bc257: startup date [Sun Feb 11 16:15:16 CST 2018]; root of context hierarchy
StandardEnvironment - Adding [systemProperties] PropertySource with lowest search precedence
StandardEnvironment - Adding [systemEnvironment] PropertySource with lowest search precedence
StandardEnvironment - Initialized StandardEnvironment with PropertySources [systemProperties,systemEnvironment]
XmlBeanDefinitionReader - Loading XML bean definitions from class path resource [Beans001.xml]
DefaultDocumentLoader - Using JAXP provider [com.sun.org.apache.xerces.internal.jaxp.DocumentBuilderFactoryImpl]
PluggableSchemaResolver - Loading schema mappings from [META-INF/spring.schemas]
PluggableSchemaResolver - Loaded schema mappings: {http://www.springframework.org/schema/util/spring-util.xsd=org/springframework/beans/factory/xml/spring-util-3.2.xsd, http://www.springframework.org/schema/jee/spring-jee-3.2.xsd=org/springframework/ejb/config/spring-jee-3.2.xsd, http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.1.xsd=org/springframework/beans/factory/xml/spring-beans-3.1.xsd, http://www.springframework.org/schema/task/spring-task.xsd=org/springframework/scheduling/config/spring-task-3.2.xsd, http://www.springframework.org/schema/cache/spring-cache.xsd=org/springframework/cache/config/spring-cache-3.2.xsd, http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-3.0.xsd=org/springframework/aop/config/spring-aop-3.0.xsd, http://www.springframework.org/schema/task/spring-task-3.1.xsd=org/springframework/scheduling/config/spring-task-3.1.xsd, http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-2.0.xsd=org/springframework/aop/config/spring-aop-2.0.xsd, http://www.springframework.org/schema/tool/spring-tool-2.5.xsd=org/springframework/beans/factory/xml/spring-tool-2.5.xsd, http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd=org/springframework/beans/factory/xml/spring-beans-3.2.xsd, http://www.springframework.org/schema/jee/spring-jee-2.5.xsd=org/springframework/ejb/config/spring-jee-2.5.xsd, http://www.springframework.org/schema/tool/spring-tool-3.1.xsd=org/springframework/beans/factory/xml/spring-tool-3.1.xsd, http://www.springframework.org/schema/jee/spring-jee-3.1.xsd=org/springframework/ejb/config/spring-jee-3.1.xsd, http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop.xsd=org/springframework/aop/config/spring-aop-3.2.xsd, http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-3.2.xsd=org/springframework/context/config/spring-context-3.2.xsd, http://www.springframework.org/schema/util/spring-util-3.2.xsd=org/springframework/beans/factory/xml/spring-util-3.2.xsd, http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.0.xsd=org/springframework/beans/factory/xml/spring-beans-2.0.xsd, http://www.springframework.org/schema/lang/spring-lang-3.2.xsd=org/springframework/scripting/config/spring-lang-3.2.xsd, http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.0.xsd=org/springframework/beans/factory/xml/spring-beans-3.0.xsd, http://www.springframework.org/schema/cache/spring-cache-3.2.xsd=org/springframework/cache/config/spring-cache-3.2.xsd, http://www.springframework.org/schema/task/spring-task-3.0.xsd=org/springframework/scheduling/config/spring-task-3.0.xsd, http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-2.5.xsd=org/springframework/context/config/spring-context-2.5.xsd, http://www.springframework.org/schema/tool/spring-tool-3.0.xsd=org/springframework/beans/factory/xml/spring-tool-3.0.xsd, http://www.springframework.org/schema/util/spring-util-2.5.xsd=org/springframework/beans/factory/xml/spring-util-2.5.xsd, http://www.springframework.org/schema/tool/spring-tool-2.0.xsd=org/springframework/beans/factory/xml/spring-tool-2.0.xsd, http://www.springframework.org/schema/lang/spring-lang.xsd=org/springframework/scripting/config/spring-lang-3.2.xsd, http://www.springframework.org/schema/lang/spring-lang-2.5.xsd=org/springframework/scripting/config/spring-lang-2.5.xsd, http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-3.2.xsd=org/springframework/aop/config/spring-aop-3.2.xsd, http://www.springframework.org/schema/jee/spring-jee-3.0.xsd=org/springframework/ejb/config/spring-jee-3.0.xsd, http://www.springframework.org/schema/jee/spring-jee-2.0.xsd=org/springframework/ejb/config/spring-jee-2.0.xsd, http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-3.1.xsd=org/springframework/context/config/spring-context-3.1.xsd, http://www.springframework.org/schema/util/spring-util-3.1.xsd=org/springframework/beans/factory/xml/spring-util-3.1.xsd, http://www.springframework.org/schema/lang/spring-lang-3.1.xsd=org/springframework/scripting/config/spring-lang-3.1.xsd, http://www.springframework.org/schema/cache/spring-cache-3.1.xsd=org/springframework/cache/config/spring-cache-3.1.xsd, http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd=org/springframework/context/config/spring-context-3.2.xsd, http://www.springframework.org/schema/jee/spring-jee.xsd=org/springframework/ejb/config/spring-jee-3.2.xsd, http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-2.5.xsd=org/springframework/aop/config/spring-aop-2.5.xsd, http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.2.xsd=org/springframework/beans/factory/xml/spring-beans-3.2.xsd, http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-3.1.xsd=org/springframework/aop/config/spring-aop-3.1.xsd, http://www.springframework.org/schema/task/spring-task-3.2.xsd=org/springframework/scheduling/config/spring-task-3.2.xsd, http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-3.0.xsd=org/springframework/context/config/spring-context-3.0.xsd, http://www.springframework.org/schema/tool/spring-tool.xsd=org/springframework/beans/factory/xml/spring-tool-3.2.xsd, http://www.springframework.org/schema/util/spring-util-3.0.xsd=org/springframework/beans/factory/xml/spring-util-3.0.xsd, http://www.springframework.org/schema/util/spring-util-2.0.xsd=org/springframework/beans/factory/xml/spring-util-2.0.xsd, http://www.springframework.org/schema/lang/spring-lang-3.0.xsd=org/springframework/scripting/config/spring-lang-3.0.xsd, http://www.springframework.org/schema/lang/spring-lang-2.0.xsd=org/springframework/scripting/config/spring-lang-2.0.xsd, http://www.springframework.org/schema/tool/spring-tool-3.2.xsd=org/springframework/beans/factory/xml/spring-tool-3.2.xsd, http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd=org/springframework/beans/factory/xml/spring-beans-2.5.xsd}
PluggableSchemaResolver - Found XML schema [http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.0.xsd] in classpath: org/springframework/beans/factory/xml/spring-beans-3.0.xsd
DefaultBeanDefinitionDocumentReader - Loading bean definitions
XmlBeanDefinitionReader - Loaded 6 bean definitions from location pattern [Beans001.xml]
ClassPathXmlApplicationContext - Bean factory for org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext@303bc257: org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory@1018f51f: defining beans [calendarobj1,calendarobj2,calendarobj3,calendarobj4,singletonExampleBean,prototypeExampleBean]; root of factory hierarchy
ClassPathXmlApplicationContext - Unable to locate MessageSource with name 'messageSource': using default [org.springframework.context.support.DelegatingMessageSource@2a8ddc4c]
ClassPathXmlApplicationContext - Unable to locate ApplicationEventMulticaster with name 'applicationEventMulticaster': using default [org.springframework.context.event.SimpleApplicationEventMulticaster@2f60877b]
DefaultListableBeanFactory - Pre-instantiating singletons in org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory@1018f51f: defining beans [calendarobj1,calendarobj2,calendarobj3,calendarobj4,singletonExampleBean,prototypeExampleBean]; root of factory hierarchy
DefaultListableBeanFactory - Creating shared instance of singleton bean 'calendarobj1'
DefaultListableBeanFactory - Creating instance of bean 'calendarobj1'
DefaultListableBeanFactory - Eagerly caching bean 'calendarobj1' to allow for resolving potential circular references
DefaultListableBeanFactory - Finished creating instance of bean 'calendarobj1'
DefaultListableBeanFactory - Creating shared instance of singleton bean 'calendarobj2'
DefaultListableBeanFactory - Creating instance of bean 'calendarobj2'
DefaultListableBeanFactory - Eagerly caching bean 'calendarobj2' to allow for resolving potential circular references
DefaultListableBeanFactory - Finished creating instance of bean 'calendarobj2'
DefaultListableBeanFactory - Creating shared instance of singleton bean 'calendarobj3'
DefaultListableBeanFactory - Creating instance of bean 'calendarobj3'
DefaultListableBeanFactory - Eagerly caching bean 'calendarobj3' to allow for resolving potential circular references
DefaultListableBeanFactory - Finished creating instance of bean 'calendarobj3'
DefaultListableBeanFactory - Creating shared instance of singleton bean 'calendarobj4'
DefaultListableBeanFactory - Creating instance of bean 'calendarobj4'
DefaultListableBeanFactory - Returning cached instance of singleton bean 'calendarobj3'
DefaultListableBeanFactory - Eagerly caching bean 'calendarobj4' to allow for resolving potential circular references
DefaultListableBeanFactory - Finished creating instance of bean 'calendarobj4'
DefaultListableBeanFactory - Creating shared instance of singleton bean 'singletonExampleBean'
DefaultListableBeanFactory - Creating instance of bean 'singletonExampleBean'
BaseDemo - ExampleBean构造方法ExampleBean()实例化ExampleBean
DefaultListableBeanFactory - Eagerly caching bean 'singletonExampleBean' to allow for resolving potential circular references
DefaultListableBeanFactory - Finished creating instance of bean 'singletonExampleBean'
ClassPathXmlApplicationContext - Unable to locate LifecycleProcessor with name 'lifecycleProcessor': using default [org.springframework.context.support.DefaultLifecycleProcessor@6cf1f051]
DefaultListableBeanFactory - Returning cached instance of singleton bean 'lifecycleProcessor'
PropertySourcesPropertyResolver - Searching for key 'spring.liveBeansView.mbeanDomain' in [systemProperties]
PropertySourcesPropertyResolver - Searching for key 'spring.liveBeansView.mbeanDomain' in [systemEnvironment]
PropertySourcesPropertyResolver - Could not find key 'spring.liveBeansView.mbeanDomain' in any property source. Returning [null]
DefaultListableBeanFactory - Creating instance of bean 'prototypeExampleBean'
BaseDemo - ExampleBean构造方法ExampleBean()实例化ExampleBean
DefaultListableBeanFactory - Invoking init method 'init' on bean with name 'prototypeExampleBean'
BaseDemo - ExampleBean方法init()初始化ExampleBean对象
DefaultListableBeanFactory - Finished creating instance of bean 'prototypeExampleBean'
DefaultListableBeanFactory - Creating instance of bean 'prototypeExampleBean'
BaseDemo - ExampleBean构造方法ExampleBean()实例化ExampleBean
DefaultListableBeanFactory - Invoking init method 'init' on bean with name 'prototypeExampleBean'
BaseDemo - ExampleBean方法init()初始化ExampleBean对象
DefaultListableBeanFactory - Finished creating instance of bean 'prototypeExampleBean'
BaseDemo - exampleBean01==exampleBean02 结果为=false
ClassPathXmlApplicationContext - Closing org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext@303bc257: startup date [Sun Feb 11 16:15:16 CST 2018]; root of context hierarchy
DefaultListableBeanFactory - Returning cached instance of singleton bean 'lifecycleProcessor'
DefaultListableBeanFactory - Destroying singletons in org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory@1018f51f: defining beans [calendarobj1,calendarobj2,calendarobj3,calendarobj4,singletonExampleBean,prototypeExampleBean]; root of factory hierarchy
5.问题
控制台没有输出预期的"ExampleBean方法destroy()销毁ExampleBean对象",原因在于beans001文件中设置的destroy-method属性仅仅对单例模式有用,在prototype模式下没有意义;
修改beans001.xml,使用singleton模式创建对象,代码如下:
<bean
id="prototypeExampleBean"
class="com.gaoxinfu.demo.spring.example.bean.ExampleBean"
scope="singleton" init-method="init" destroy-method="destroy"/>
2.3.request
request：对于每次HTTP请求，使用request定义的Bean都将产生一个新实例，即每次HTTP请求将会产生不同的Bean实例。只有在Web应用中使用Spring时，该作用域才有效
2.4.session
session：对于每次HTTP Session，使用session定义的Bean豆浆产生一个新实例。同样只有在Web应用中使用Spring时，该作用域才有效
2.5.globalsession
globalsession：每个全局的HTTP Session，使用session定义的Bean都将产生一个新实例。典型情况下，仅在使用portlet context的时候有效。同样只有在Web应用中使用Spring时，该作用域才有效
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