Python Logger 类

1. 使用工厂方法返回一个Logger实例

logging.getLogger([name=None])

# 案例
import logging
DATEFMT ="[%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S]"
FORMAT = "%(asctime)s %(thread)d %(message)s"
logging.basicConfig(level=logging.INFO,format=FORMAT,datefmt=DATEFMT,filename='class_test.log')
 
root = logging.getLogger()
print(root.name,type(root),root.parent,id(root))
 
logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
print(logger.name, type(logger), id(logger), id((logger.parent)))
 
logger1 = logging.getLogger(__name__ + ".ok")
print(logger1.name, type(logger1), id(logger1), id((logger1.parent)))
 
print(logger1.parent,id(logger1.parent))
 
运行结果：
root <class 'logging.RootLogger'> None 4367575248
__main__ <class 'logging.Logger'> 4367575864 4367575248
__main__.ok <class 'logging.Logger'> 4367575920 4367575864
<logging.Logger object at 0x10453eb38> 4367575864

2. 子child的级别设置，不影响父parent的级别

import logging
 
FORMAT = "%(asctime)s %(thread)d %(message)s"
logging.basicConfig(level=logging.WARNING,format=FORMAT,datefmt="[%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S]")
 
root = logging.getLogger()
print(1,root,id(root)) #RootLogger,根Logger
root.info('my root') #低于定义的WARNING级别，所以不会记录
 
loga = logging.getLogger(__name__) #Logger继承自RootLogger
print(2,loga,id(loga),id(loga.parent))
print(3,loga.getEffectiveLevel()) #数值形式的有效级别
 
loga.warning('before')
loga.setLevel(28) #设置级别为28
print(4,loga.getEffectiveLevel())
loga.info('after')#
loga.warning('after1')
 
运行结果：
[2017-12-17 16:31:20] 4320629568 before
1 <logging.RootLogger object at 0x104534f28> 4367535912
2 <logging.Logger object at 0x1044ef630> 4367250992 4367535912
3 30
4 28
[2017-12-17 16:31:20] 4320629568 after1

3. Handler

Handler控制日志信息的输出目的地，可以是控制台、文件。

import logging
 
FORMAT = "%(asctime)s %(thread)d %(message)s"
logging.basicConfig(level=logging.INFO,format=FORMAT,datefmt="[%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S]")
 
root = logging.getLogger() #根Logger级别为INFO 20
print('root:',root.getEffectiveLevel())
 
log1 = logging.getLogger('s')
log1.setLevel(logging.ERROR) #级别为ERROR 40
print('log1:',log1.getEffectiveLevel())
log1.error('log1 error')
 
log2 = logging.getLogger('s.s1') #继承自log1 40，无法使用warning
log2.setLevel(logging.WARNING) #设置为WARNING 30，才可以使用warning
print('log2:',log2.getEffectiveLevel())
log2.warning('log2 warning')
 
运行结果：
[2017-12-17 16:52:22] 4320629568 log1 error
root: 20
log1: 40
[2017-12-17 16:52:22] 4320629568 log2 warning
log2: 30
logger实例，如果设置了level，就用它和信息的级别比较，否则，继承最近的祖先的level。

# handler处理：
import logging
 
FORMAT = "%(asctime)s %(thread)d %(message)s"
logging.basicConfig(level=logging.INFO,format=FORMAT,datefmt="[%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S]")
 
root = logging.getLogger()
print(1,root.getEffectiveLevel()) #RootLogger,根Logger
 
log1 = logging.getLogger('s')
print(2,log1.getEffectiveLevel())
 
h1 = logging.FileHandler('test.log')
h1.setLevel(logging.WARNING)
log1.addHandler(h1)
print(3,log1.getEffectiveLevel())
 
log2 = logging.getLogger('s.s2')
print(4,log2.getEffectiveLevel())
 
h2 = logging.FileHandler('test1.log')
h2.setLevel(logging.WARNING)
log1.addHandler(h2)
print(3,log1.getEffectiveLevel())
 
 
log2.warning('log2 info---')
 
 
运行结果：
1 20
[2017-12-17 19:02:53] 7956 log2 info---
2 20
3 20
4 20
3 20

# 同样，handler也可以设置使用logging.Formatter()设置格式和Logging.Filter()设置过滤器：
import logging
 
FORMAT = "%(asctime)s %(thread)d %(message)s"
logging.basicConfig(level=logging.INFO,format=FORMAT,datefmt="[%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S]")
 
root = logging.getLogger()
print(1,root.getEffectiveLevel()) #RootLogger,根Logger
 
log1 = logging.getLogger('s')#模块化用__module__，函数化用__name__作为Logger名，Logger同名内存中也只有一个
print(2,log1.getEffectiveLevel())
 
h1 = logging.FileHandler('test.log')
h1.setLevel(logging.WARNING)
fmt1 = logging.Formatter('[%(asctime)s] %(thread)s %(threadName)s log1-handler1 %(message)s')
h1.setFormatter(fmt1) #重新个性化定义记录的格式化字符串
log1.addHandler(h1)
filter1 = logging.Filter('s') #过滤器 会记录s, s.s2的信息
log1.addFilter(filter1)
print(3,log1.getEffectiveLevel())
 
log2 = logging.getLogger('s.s2')
print(4,log2.getEffectiveLevel())
 
h2 = logging.FileHandler('test1.log')
h2.setLevel(logging.WARNING)
log1.addHandler(h2)
filter1 = logging.Filter('s.s2') #过滤器不会记录s.s2的消息，只会记录自己的消息
log1.addFilter(filter1)
print(3,log1.getEffectiveLevel())
 
log1.warning('log1 warning===')
log2.warning('log2 warning---')
 
运行结果：
test.log: #handler1记录了到了log1和log2的信息
[2017-12-17 19:43:12,654] 5872 MainThread log1-handler1 log1 warning===
[2017-12-17 19:43:12,654] 5872 MainThread log1-handler1 log2 warning---
 
 
test1.log:    #handler2只记录了它自己的信息
log2 warning---

4. 官网流程图：