依赖管理-传递依赖
传递依赖
什么是传递依赖
当A 依赖B、B依赖C,在A中导入B后会自动导入C,C是A的传递依赖,如果C依赖D则D也可能是A的传递依赖。
如:web中添加struts-spring的jar,传递依赖了spring
依赖范围对传递依赖的影响
依赖会有依赖范围,依赖范围对传递依赖也有影响,有A、B、C,A依赖B、B依赖C,C可能是A的传递依赖,如下图:
最左边一列为直接依赖,理解为A依赖B的范围,最顶层一行为传递依赖,理解为B依赖C的范围,行与列的交叉即为A传递依赖C的范围。
举例: 比如 A对 B 有 compile 依赖,B 对C有 runtime 依赖,那么根据表格所示A对C 有 runtime 依赖。
又如:dao依赖junit,scop为test,service依赖dao.
查看下图红色框内所示传递依赖范围:
所以maven-first所依赖的junit的jar没有加入到maven-web工程。 如果修改maven-first依赖junit的scop为compile,maven-first所依赖的junit的jar包会加入到maven-web工程中,符合上边表格所示,查看下图红色框内所示:
依赖版本冲突解决
问题
当一个项目依赖的构件比较多时,它们相互之前存在依赖,当你需要对依赖版本统一管理时如果让maven自动来处理可能并不能如你所愿,如下例子:
同时加入以下依赖,观察依赖:
<!-- struts2-spring-plugin依赖spirng-beans-3.0.5 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.apache.struts</groupId>
<artifactId>struts2-spring-plugin</artifactId>
<version>2.3.24</version>
</dependency>
<!-- spring-context依赖spring-beans-4.2.4 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>
<version>4.2.4.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
org.apache.struts依赖spirng-beans-3.0.5,spring-context依赖spring-beans-4.2.4,但是发现spirng-beans-3.0.5加入到工程中,而我们希望spring-beans-4.2.4加入工程。
依赖调解原则
maven自动按照下边的原则调解:
- 第一声明者优先原则
在pom文件定义依赖,先声明的依赖为准。
测试:如果将上边struts-spring-plugins和spring-context顺序颠倒,系统将导入spring-beans-4.2.4。
分析:由于spring-context在前边以spring-context依赖的spring-beans-4.2.4为准,所以最终spring-beans-4.2.4添加到了工程中。
- 路径近者优先原则
例如:A依赖 spirng-beans-4.2.4,A依赖B依赖 spirng-beans-3.0.5,则spring-beans-4.2.4优先被依赖在A中,因为spring-beans-4.2.4相对spirng-beans-3.0.5被A依赖的路径最近。
测试:在本工程中的pom中加入spirng-beans-4.2.4的依赖,根据路径近者优先原则,系统将导入spirng-beans-4.2.4:
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-beans</artifactId>
<version>4.2.4.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
排除依赖
上边的问题也可以通过排除依赖方法辅助依赖调解,如下: 比如在依赖struts2-spring-plugin的设置中添加排除依赖,排除spring-beans, 下边的配置表示:依赖struts2-spring-plugin,但排除struts2-spring-plugin所依赖的spring-beans。
<!-- struts2-spring-plugin依赖spirng-beans-3.0.5 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.apache.struts</groupId>
<artifactId>struts2-spring-plugin</artifactId>
<version>2.3.24</version>
<!-- 排除 spring-beans-->
<exclusions>
<exclusion>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-beans</artifactId>
</exclusion>
<exclusion>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>
</exclusion>
</exclusions>
</dependency>
锁定版本
面对众多的依赖,有一种方法不用考虑依赖路径、声明优化等因素可以采用直接锁定版本的方法确定依赖构件的版本,版本锁定后则不考虑依赖的声明顺序或依赖的路径,以锁定的版本的为准添加到工程中,此方法在企业开发中常用。
如下的配置是锁定了spring-beans和spring-context的版本:
<dependencyManagement>
<dependencies>
<!--这里锁定版本为4.2.4 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-beans</artifactId>
<version>4.2.4.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>
<version>4.2.4.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
</dependencyManagement>
注意:在工程中锁定依赖的版本并不代表在工程中添加了依赖,如果工程需要添加锁定版本的依赖则需要单独添加<dependencies></dependencies>标签,如下:
<dependencies>
<!--这里是添加依赖 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-beans</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
上边添加的依赖并没有指定版本,原因是已在<dependencyManagement>中锁定了版本,所以在<dependency>下不需要再指定版本。
maven构建ssh工程
- 定义pom.xml文件
maven工程首先要识别依赖,web工程实现SSH整合,需要依赖struts2.3.24、 spring4.2.4、hibernate5.0.7等,在pom.xml添加工程如下依赖:
两步骤:1.锁定版本 2.添加依赖
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<groupId>com.yaolong.maven</groupId>
<artifactId>maven-web</artifactId>
<version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
<packaging>war</packaging>
<!-- 属性 -->
<properties>
<spring.version>4.2.4.RELEASE</spring.version>
<hibernate.version>5.0.7.Final</hibernate.version>
<struts.version>2.3.24</struts.version>
</properties>
<!-- 锁定版本,struts2-2.3.24、spring4.2.4、hibernate5.0.7 -->
<dependencyManagement>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-aspects</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-orm</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-test</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-web</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.hibernate</groupId>
<artifactId>hibernate-core</artifactId>
<version>${hibernate.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.apache.struts</groupId>
<artifactId>struts2-core</artifactId>
<version>${struts.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.apache.struts</groupId>
<artifactId>struts2-spring-plugin</artifactId>
<version>${struts.version}</version>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
</dependencyManagement>
<!-- 依赖管理 -->
<dependencies>
<!-- spring -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-aspects</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-orm</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-test</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-web</artifactId>
</dependency>
<!-- hibernate -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.hibernate</groupId>
<artifactId>hibernate-core</artifactId>
</dependency>
<!-- 数据库驱动 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>mysql</groupId>
<artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
<version>5.1.6</version>
<scope>runtime</scope>
</dependency>
<!-- c3p0 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>c3p0</groupId>
<artifactId>c3p0</artifactId>
<version>0.9.1.2</version>
</dependency>
<!-- 导入 struts2 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.apache.struts</groupId>
<artifactId>struts2-core</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.apache.struts</groupId>
<artifactId>struts2-spring-plugin</artifactId>
</dependency>
<!-- servlet jsp -->
<dependency>
<groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
<artifactId>servlet-api</artifactId>
<version>2.5</version>
<scope>provided</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
<artifactId>jsp-api</artifactId>
<version>2.0</version>
<scope>provided</scope>
</dependency>
<!-- 日志 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
<artifactId>slf4j-log4j12</artifactId>
<version>1.7.2</version>
</dependency>
<!-- junit -->
<dependency>
<groupId>junit</groupId>
<artifactId>junit</artifactId>
<version>4.9</version>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
<!-- jstl -->
<dependency>
<groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
<artifactId>jstl</artifactId>
<version>1.2</version>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
<build>
<plugins>
<!-- 设置编译版本为1.7 -->
<plugin>
<groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
<artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
<configuration>
<source>1.7</source>
<target>1.7</target>
<encoding>UTF-8</encoding>
</configuration>
</plugin>
<!-- maven内置 的tomcat6插件 -->
<plugin>
<groupId>org.codehaus.mojo</groupId>
<artifactId>tomcat-maven-plugin</artifactId>
<version>1.1</version>
<configuration>
<!-- 可以灵活配置工程路径 -->
<path>/ssh</path>
<!-- 可以灵活配置端口号 -->
<port>8080</port>
</configuration>
</plugin>
</plugins>
</build>
</project>
-
定义实体
数据库就简单的一张表NEWS,新闻信息
News.java
package com.yaolong.maven.demo.domain;
public class News implements java.io.Serializable {
private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
private Integer id;
private String content;
private String title;
public Integer getId() {
return id;
}
public String getContent() {
return content;
}
public String getTitle() {
return title;
}
public void setId(Integer id) {
this.id = id;
}
public void setContent(String content) {
this.content = content;
}
public void setTitle(String title) {
this.title = title;
}
}
News.hbm.xml 对应的hibernate映射文件
<?xml version="1.0"?>
<!DOCTYPE hibernate-mapping PUBLIC "-//Hibernate/Hibernate Mapping DTD 3.0//EN"
"http://hibernate.sourceforge.net/hibernate-mapping-3.0.dtd">
<!-- Generated 2017-8-8 13:53:51 by Hibernate Tools 3.4.0.CR1 -->
<hibernate-mapping>
<class name="com.yaolong.maven.demo.domain.News" table="NEWS">
<id name="id" type="java.lang.Integer">
<column name="ID" />
<generator class="assigned" />
</id>
<property name="content" type="java.lang.String">
<column name="CONTENT" />
</property>
<property name="title" type="java.lang.String">
<column name="TITLE" />
</property>
</class>
</hibernate-mapping>
- 定义dao
NewsDao.java
package com.yaolong.maven.demo.dao;
import com.yaolong.maven.demo.domain.News;
public interface NewsDao {
public News findNewsById(Integer newsId);
}
NewsDaoImpl.java
package com.yaolong.maven.demo.dao.impl;
import org.springframework.orm.hibernate5.support.HibernateDaoSupport;
import com.yaolong.maven.demo.dao.NewsDao;
import com.yaolong.maven.demo.domain.News;
public class NewsDaoImpl extends HibernateDaoSupport implements NewsDao {
@Override
public News findNewsById(Integer newsId) {
return this.getHibernateTemplate().get(News.class, newsId);
}
}
- 定义service 接口和实现类
NewsService.java
package com.yaolong.maven.demo.service;
import com.yaolong.maven.demo.domain.News;
public interface NewsService {
public News findNewsById(Integer newsId);
}
NewsServiceImpl.java
package com.yaolong.maven.demo.service;
import com.yaolong.maven.demo.dao.NewsDao;
import com.yaolong.maven.demo.domain.News;
public class NewsServiceImpl implements NewsService {
private NewsDao newsDao;
public NewsDao getNewsDao() {
return newsDao;
}
public void setNewsDao(NewsDao newsDao) {
this.newsDao = newsDao;
}
@Override
public News findNewsById(Integer newsId) {
return this.newsDao.findNewsById(newsId);
}
}
- 定义action
package com.yaolong.maven.demo.action;
import org.apache.struts2.ServletActionContext;
import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionSupport;
import com.yaolong.maven.demo.domain.News;
import com.yaolong.maven.demo.service.NewsService;
public class NewsAction extends ActionSupport {
private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
private News news;
public News getNews() {
return news;
}
public void setNews(News news) {
this.news = news;
}
private NewsService newsService;
public NewsService getNewsService() {
return newsService;
}
public void setNewsService(NewsService newsService) {
this.newsService = newsService;
}
//根据主键获取新闻信息
public String queryNews(){
String id = ServletActionContext.getRequest().getParameter("id");
news = newsService.findNewsById(Integer.valueOf(id));
return SUCCESS;
}
}
queryNews.jsp
<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"
pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
<title>测试</title>
</head>
<body>
<!-- 从模型对象中获取属性值 -->
${news.content}
</body>
</html>
- 配置文件 applicationContext.xml
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop" xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop
http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx
http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx.xsd">
<!-- 数据库连接池 -->
<bean id="dataSource" class="com.mchange.v2.c3p0.ComboPooledDataSource">
<property name="driverClass" value="com.mysql.jdbc.Driver" />
<property name="jdbcUrl" value="jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/hibernatedb" />
<property name="user" value="root" />
<property name="password" value="12345" />
</bean>
<!-- 配置sessionFactory -->
<bean id="sessionFactory" class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate5.LocalSessionFactoryBean">
<!-- 依赖dataSource -->
<property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource"/>
<!-- 创建工厂需要加载hibernate映射文件 -->
<property name="configLocations" value="classpath:hibernate.cfg.xml"></property>
</bean>
<!-- dao -->
<bean id="newsDao" class="com.yaolong.maven.demo.dao.impl.NewsDaoImpl">
<property name="sessionFactory" ref="sessionFactory"/>
</bean>
<!-- service -->
<bean id="newsService" class="com.yaolong.maven.demo.service.NewsServiceImpl">
<property name="newsDao" ref="newsDao"/>
</bean>
<!-- action -->
<bean id="newsAction" class="com.yaolong.maven.demo.action.NewsAction" scope="prototype">
<property name="newsService" ref="newsService"/>
</bean>
</beans>
hibernate.cfg.xml
<?xml version='1.0' encoding='utf-8'?>
<!DOCTYPE hibernate-configuration PUBLIC
"-//Hibernate/Hibernate Configuration DTD 3.0//EN"
"http://www.hibernate.org/dtd/hibernate-configuration-3.0.dtd">
<hibernate-configuration>
<!-- 会话工厂 -->
<session-factory>
<!-- 数据库方言,根据数据库选择 -->
<property name="hibernate.dialect">org.hibernate.dialect.MySQL5Dialect</property>
<!--为了方便调试是否在运行hibernate时在日志中输出sql语句 -->
<property name="hibernate.show_sql">true</property>
<!-- 是否对日志中输出的sql语句进行格式化 -->
<property name="hibernate.format_sql">true</property>
<property name="hibernate.hbm2ddl.auto">none</property>
<!-- 加载映射文件 -->
<mapping resource="com/yaolong/maven/demo/domain/News.hbm.xml"/>
</session-factory>
</hibernate-configuration>
struts.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE struts PUBLIC
"-//Apache Software Foundation//DTD Struts Configuration 2.3//EN"
"http://struts.apache.org/dtds/struts-2.3.dtd">
<struts>
<!-- 配置常量 -->
<!-- 字符集 -->
<constant name="struts.i18n.encoding" value="UTF-8"></constant>
<!-- 开发模式 -->
<constant name="struts.devMode" value="true"></constant>
<!-- 主题 -->
<constant name="struts.ui.theme" value="simple"></constant>
<!-- 扩展名 -->
<constant name="struts.action.extension" value="action"></constant>
<!-- 通用package -->
<package name="customer" namespace="/" extends="struts-default">
<action name="queryNews" class="newsAction"
method="queryNews">
<result name="success">/jsp/queryNews.jsp</result>
</action>
</package>
</struts>
log4j.properties
### direct log messages to stdout ###
log4j.appender.stdout=org.apache.log4j.ConsoleAppender
log4j.appender.stdout.Target=System.out
log4j.appender.stdout.layout=org.apache.log4j.PatternLayout
log4j.appender.stdout.layout.ConversionPattern=%d{ABSOLUTE} %5p %c{1}:%L - %m%n
### set log levels - for more verbose logging change 'info' to 'debug' ###
#在开发阶段日志级别使用debug
log4j.rootLogger=debug, stdout
### 在日志中输出sql的输入参数 ###
log4j.logger.org.hibernate.type=TRACE
web.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee" xmlns:web="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_2_5.xsd"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_2_5.xsd"
id="WebApp_ID" version="2.5">
<welcome-file-list>
<welcome-file>index.html</welcome-file>
<welcome-file>index.htm</welcome-file>
<welcome-file>index.jsp</welcome-file>
<welcome-file>default.html</welcome-file>
<welcome-file>default.htm</welcome-file>
<welcome-file>default.jsp</welcome-file>
</welcome-file-list>
<servlet>
<servlet-name>servletTest</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>com.yaolong.maven.servlet.ServletTest</servlet-class>
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>servletTest</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>/test</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
<listener>
<listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener</listener-class>
</listener>
<context-param>
<param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
<param-value>classpath:applicationContext.xml</param-value>
</context-param>
<filter>
<filter-name>struts2</filter-name>
<filter-class>org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.ng.filter.StrutsPrepareAndExecuteFilter</filter-class>
</filter>
<filter-mapping>
<filter-name>struts2</filter-name>
<url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
</filter-mapping>
</web-app>
- 项目结构
运行tomcat:run命令,访问http://localhost:8081/ssh/queryNews.action?id=1