C++ STL标准库：算法＜algorithm＞ 转换算法 transform()

std::transform

简介：
transform() 可以将函数应用到序列的元素上，并将这个函数返回的值保存到另一个序列中，它返回的迭代器指向输出序列所保存的最后一个元素的下一个位置。

函数原型

官方手册
http://www.cplusplus.com/reference/algorithm/transform/

使用示例：

#include <iostream> 
#include <vector>
#include <list>
#include <algorithm>
#include <functional>

using namespace std;

void print(int& Ele)
{
	cout << Ele << ", ";
}

void main()
{
	int dim[] = { 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9 };
	vector<int>v1;
	list<int>l2, l3;
	v1.assign(dim, dim + 9);
	cout << "vector v1: ";
	for_each(v1.begin(), v1.end(), print);
	cout << endl;

	//l2中的元素分别乘以-1
	transform(v1.begin(), v1.end(), back_inserter(l2), negate<int>());
	cout << "list l2: ";
	for_each(l2.begin(), l2.end(), print);
	cout << endl;

	//l2中的元素分别乘以10
	transform(l2.begin(), l2.end(), l2.begin(), bind2nd(multiplies<int>(), 10));
	cout << "list l2(*10): ";
	for_each(l2.begin(), l2.end(), print);
	cout << endl;

	cout << "list l2(-): ";
	//l2中的元素没有变化
	transform(l2.rbegin(), l2.rend(), ostream_iterator<int>(cout, ", "), negate<int>());
	cout << endl;

	cout << "list l2(/2, reverse_direction): ";
	//l2中的元素没有变化
	transform(l2.rbegin(), l2.rend(), ostream_iterator<int>(cout, ", "), bind2nd(divides<int>(), 2));
	cout << endl;

	//以上是第一种形式的用法
	cout << "list l2: ";
	for_each(l2.begin(), l2.end(), print);
	cout << endl;

	cout << "list l2(*v1): ";
	transform(v1.begin(), v1.end(), l2.begin(), l2.begin(), multiplies<int>());
	copy(l2.begin(), l2.end(), ostream_iterator<int>(cout, ", "));
	cout << endl;
	
	cout << "list l2(squared): ";
	//l2中的元素没有变化
	transform(l2.begin(), l2.end(), l2.begin(), ostream_iterator<int>(cout, ", "), multiplies<int>());
	cout << endl;

	cout << "list l2: ";
	for_each(l2.begin(), l2.end(), print);
	cout << endl;

	cout << "l3( v1+l2 ): ";
	transform(v1.begin(), v1.end(), l2.begin(), back_inserter(l3), plus<int>());
	for_each(l3.begin(), l3.end(), print);
	cout << endl;

	cout << "cout (l2-l3) : ";
	//l2、l3中的元素没有变化
	transform(l2.begin(), l2.end(), l3.begin(), ostream_iterator<int>(cout, ", "), minus<int>());
	cout << endl;
}