C# 反射详解

本文主要是对反射进行详细介绍，具体可以参照微软官方文档

首先我们来定义一个类型

public class Calculator
{
    private int _number1 = 10;
    private int _number2 = 20;

    public int Number1 { get => _number1; set => _number1 = value; }

    public int Number2 { get => _number2; set => _number2 = value; }

    public delegate void DataAddedHandler(object sender, EventArgs e);

    public event DataAddedHandler DataAdded;

    public void Add()
    {
        DataAdded?.Invoke(this, EventArgs.Empty);
        Console.WriteLine(_number1 + _number2);
    }

    public void Divide(int number1, int number2)
    {
        Console.WriteLine(number1 / number2);
    }

    public int Subtract()
    {
        return _number1 - _number2;
    }

    public int Multiply()
    {
        return _number1 * _number2;
    }

    public int Multiply(int number1, int number2)
    {
        return number1 * number2;
    }
}

通过对象的类型实例化对象

 Calculator calculator = Activator.CreateInstance<Calculator>();

获取一个对象的类型

 Type type = calculator.GetType();

获取对象里面所有属性信息

PropertyInfo[] propertyInfos = type.GetProperties();

获取对象里面指定的属性

string propertyName = "Number1";
PropertyInfo propertyInfo = type.GetProperty(propertyName);

获取指定属性的值

int number1 = (int)propertyInfo.GetValue(calculator);

设置指定属性的值

propertyInfo.SetValue(calculator, 11);

获取对象的所有方法

 MethodInfo[] methodInfos = type.GetMethods();

获取对象里面指定的方法

string methodName = "Add";
MethodInfo methodInfo = type.GetMethod(methodName);

执行不带参数方法

methodInfo?.Invoke(calculator, null);

执行带参数方法

methodName = "Divide";
methodInfo = type.GetMethod(methodName);
methodInfo?.Invoke(calculator, new object[] { 1, 2 });

获取方法的返回值

methodName = "Subtract";
methodInfo = type.GetMethod(methodName);
var subtract = (int)methodInfo?.Invoke(calculator, null);
Console.WriteLine(subtract);

当类里面出现多个相同名称的方法，则需要指定传入参数的类型

methodName = "Multiply";
methodInfo = type.GetMethod(methodName, new Type[]{});
methodInfo?.Invoke(calculator, null);

methodName = "Multiply";
methodInfo = type.GetMethod(methodName, new Type[] { typeof(int), typeof(int)});
methodInfo?.Invoke(calculator, new object[] { 1, 2 });

通过反射机制挂载和取消挂载事件

 // 需要挂载事件对象里面的方法
 methodName = "OnDataAdded";
 MethodInfo method = GetType().GetMethod
     (methodName, BindingFlags.NonPublic | BindingFlags.Instance);
 // 需要触发事件的名称
 string eventName = "DataAdded";
 EventInfo eventInfo = type.GetEvent(eventName);
 Type eventHandlerType = eventInfo.EventHandlerType;
 // 挂载事件的实例
 object target = this; 
 Delegate handler = Delegate.CreateDelegate(eventHandlerType, target, method);
 // 挂载事件
 eventInfo.AddEventHandler(calculator, handler);
 calculator.Add();
 // 取消挂载事件
 eventInfo.RemoveEventHandler(calculator, handler);

获取属性的特性

Attribute attribute = propertyInfo.GetCustomAttribute(typeof(DescriptionAttribute));
// 获取特性里面的属性
if (attribute is DescriptionAttribute descriptionAttribute)
{
   Console.WriteLine(descriptionAttribute.Description);
}