FFMPEG Demo分析之muxing.c

前言

打算写一系列关于ffmpeg的文章，先写一些ffmpeg自带的example 分析，然后总结一些常用的ffmpeg的命令。我们都知道音视频编解码分为几个步骤 。以解码为例，解协议->解封装->音视频解码.。而编码就是以上步骤的反过程。今天来分析下muxing.c的代码讲解。 这个demo的功能是编码一个音视频文件。下面为代码结构的流程图

接下来我附上我自己理解添加了注释的代码

#include <stdlib.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <math.h>

#include <libavutil/avassert.h>
#include <libavutil/channel_layout.h>
#include <libavutil/opt.h>
#include <libavutil/mathematics.h>
#include <libavutil/timestamp.h>
#include <libavformat/avformat.h>
#include <libswscale/swscale.h>
#include <libswresample/swresample.h>

#define STREAM_DURATION   10.0
#define STREAM_FRAME_RATE 25 /* 25 images/s */
#define STREAM_PIX_FMT    AV_PIX_FMT_YUV420P /* default pix_fmt */

#define SCALE_FLAGS SWS_BICUBIC

// a wrapper around a single output AVStream
typedef struct OutputStream {
    AVStream *st;
    AVCodecContext *enc;

    /* pts of the next frame that will be generated */
    int64_t next_pts;
    int samples_count;

    AVFrame *frame;
    AVFrame *tmp_frame;

    float t, tincr, tincr2;

    struct SwsContext *sws_ctx;
    struct SwrContext *swr_ctx;
} OutputStream;

static void log_packet(const AVFormatContext *fmt_ctx, const AVPacket *pkt)
{
    AVRational *time_base = &fmt_ctx->streams[pkt->stream_index]->time_base;

    printf("pts:%s pts_time:%s dts:%s dts_time:%s duration:%s duration_time:%s stream_index:%d\n",
           av_ts2str(pkt->pts), av_ts2timestr(pkt->pts, time_base),
           av_ts2str(pkt->dts), av_ts2timestr(pkt->dts, time_base),
           av_ts2str(pkt->duration), av_ts2timestr(pkt->duration, time_base),
           pkt->stream_index);
}

static int write_frame(AVFormatContext *fmt_ctx, AVCodecContext *c,
                       AVStream *st, AVFrame *frame)
{
    int ret;

    // send the frame to the encoder
    //发送帧数据给编码器
    ret = avcodec_send_frame(c, frame);
    if (ret < 0) {
        fprintf(stderr, "Error sending a frame to the encoder: %s\n",
                av_err2str(ret));
        exit(1);
    }

    while (ret >= 0) {
        AVPacket pkt = { 0 };
        //接受压缩数据
        ret = avcodec_receive_packet(c, &pkt);
        if (ret == AVERROR(EAGAIN) || ret == AVERROR_EOF)
            break;
        else if (ret < 0) {
            fprintf(stderr, "Error encoding a frame: %s\n", av_err2str(ret));
            exit(1);
        }
     //把Packet的pts从编码器上下文的时间基转换成以流的时间基的pts
        /* rescale output packet timestamp values from codec to stream timebase */
        av_packet_rescale_ts(&pkt, c->time_base, st->time_base);
        pkt.stream_index = st->index;

        /* Write the compressed frame to the media file. */
        log_packet(fmt_ctx, &pkt);
        //写压缩数据到文件
        ret = av_interleaved_write_frame(fmt_ctx, &pkt);
        av_packet_unref(&pkt);
        if (ret < 0) {
            fprintf(stderr, "Error while writing output packet: %s\n", av_err2str(ret));
            exit(1);
        }
    }

    return ret == AVERROR_EOF ? 1 : 0;
}

/* Add an output stream. */
static void add_stream(OutputStream *ost, AVFormatContext *oc,
                       const AVCodec **codec,
                       enum AVCodecID codec_id)
{
    AVCodecContext *c;
    int i;

    /* find the encoder */
    //根据id得到相应的编码器结构体
    *codec = avcodec_find_encoder(codec_id);
    if (!(*codec)) {
        //没找到退出
        fprintf(stderr, "Could not find encoder for '%s'\n",
                avcodec_get_name(codec_id));
        exit(1);
    }
    //新建一路流 第二参数无用的，填NULL就可以
    ost->st = avformat_new_stream(oc, NULL);
    if (!ost->st) {
        fprintf(stderr, "Could not allocate stream\n");
        exit(1);
    }
    //设置流id,这里使用流的总数-1 ，即流的id从0开始增加
    ost->st->id = oc->nb_streams-1;
    //根据编解码器结构体分配个编解码器上下文
    c = avcodec_alloc_context3(*codec);
    if (!c) {
        fprintf(stderr, "Could not alloc an encoding context\n");
        exit(1);
    }
    ost->enc = c;
    //给编解码器上下文赋值参数
    switch ((*codec)->type) {
        //音频 采样格式 、比特率 采样率、通道数、通道样式 、流时间基
    case AVMEDIA_TYPE_AUDIO:
         //采样格式 如果支持的列表不为空取第一个否则取AV_SAMPLE_FMT_FLTP float planar模式
        c->sample_fmt  = (*codec)->sample_fmts ?
            (*codec)->sample_fmts[0] : AV_SAMPLE_FMT_FLTP;
        c->bit_rate    = 64000;//64k
        c->sample_rate = 44100;
        if ((*codec)->supported_samplerates) {
            c->sample_rate = (*codec)->supported_samplerates[0];
            for (i = 0; (*codec)->supported_samplerates[i]; i++) {
                if ((*codec)->supported_samplerates[i] == 44100)
                    c->sample_rate = 44100;
            }
        }
        //根据通道布局获取通道数
        c->channels        = av_get_channel_layout_nb_channels(c->channel_layout);
        c->channel_layout = AV_CH_LAYOUT_STEREO;//默认立体声
        if ((*codec)->channel_layouts) {
            c->channel_layout = (*codec)->channel_layouts[0];
            for (i = 0; (*codec)->channel_layouts[i]; i++) {
                if ((*codec)->channel_layouts[i] == AV_CH_LAYOUT_STEREO)
                    c->channel_layout = AV_CH_LAYOUT_STEREO;
            }
        }
        c->channels        = av_get_channel_layout_nb_channels(c->channel_layout);
        //以采样率为时间基，时间基的(1/c->sample_rate) *时间戳等于秒数
        //AVRational为2个变量一个分子、一个分母的结构
        ost->st->time_base = (AVRational){ 1, c->sample_rate };
        break;
    //视频 编码器id 、比特率、视频宽高、流时间基
    case AVMEDIA_TYPE_VIDEO:
        c->codec_id = codec_id;

        c->bit_rate = 400000;
        //分辨率必须为2的倍数
        /* Resolution must be a multiple of two. */
        c->width    = 352;
        c->height   = 288;
        /* timebase: This is the fundamental unit of time (in seconds) in terms
         * of which frame timestamps are represented. For fixed-fps content,
         * timebase should be 1/framerate and timestamp increments should be
         * identical to 1. */
         //用帧率表示
        ost->st->time_base = (AVRational){ 1, STREAM_FRAME_RATE };
        c->time_base       = ost->st->time_base;
           //gop画面组大小，2个I帧的间距
        c->gop_size      = 12; /* emit one intra frame every twelve frames at most */
        c->pix_fmt       = STREAM_PIX_FMT;
        if (c->codec_id == AV_CODEC_ID_MPEG2VIDEO) {
            /* just for testing, we also add B-frames */
            //设置最大b帧
            c->max_b_frames = 2;
        }
        if (c->codec_id == AV_CODEC_ID_MPEG1VIDEO) {
            //需要避免使用一些coeffs溢出的宏块，正常的视频不会发生
            /* Needed to avoid using macroblocks in which some coeffs overflow.
             * This does not happen with normal video, it just happens here as
             * the motion of the chroma plane does not match the luma plane. */
            c->mb_decision = 2;
        }
        break;

    default:
        break;
    }

    //有些格式希望流头是分开的
    /* Some formats want stream headers to be separate. */
    if (oc->oformat->flags & AVFMT_GLOBALHEADER)
        c->flags |= AV_CODEC_FLAG_GLOBAL_HEADER;
}

/**************************************************************/
/* audio output */

static AVFrame *alloc_audio_frame(enum AVSampleFormat sample_fmt,
                                  uint64_t channel_layout,
                                  int sample_rate, int nb_samples)
{    //分配原始音频帧存储，设置参数
    AVFrame *frame = av_frame_alloc();
    int ret;

    if (!frame) {
        fprintf(stderr, "Error allocating an audio frame\n");
        exit(1);
    }

    frame->format = sample_fmt;//采样格式
    frame->channel_layout = channel_layout;//通道
    frame->sample_rate = sample_rate;//采样率
    frame->nb_samples = nb_samples;//每帧采样个数

    if (nb_samples) {
        ret = av_frame_get_buffer(frame, 0);
        if (ret < 0) {
            fprintf(stderr, "Error allocating an audio buffer\n");
            exit(1);
        }
    }

    return frame;
}

static void open_audio(AVFormatContext *oc, const AVCodec *codec,
                       OutputStream *ost, AVDictionary *opt_arg)
{
    AVCodecContext *c;
    int nb_samples;
    int ret;
    AVDictionary *opt = NULL;

    c = ost->enc;

    //拷贝参数
    /* open it */
    av_dict_copy(&opt, opt_arg, 0);
    ret = avcodec_open2(c, codec, &opt);
    av_dict_free(&opt);
    if (ret < 0) {
        fprintf(stderr, "Could not open audio codec: %s\n", av_err2str(ret));
        exit(1);
    }

    /* init signal generator */
    ost->t     = 0;
    ost->tincr = 2 * M_PI * 110.0 / c->sample_rate;
    /* increment frequency by 110 Hz per second */
    ost->tincr2 = 2 * M_PI * 110.0 / c->sample_rate / c->sample_rate;
  //如果是固定的样本数，每一帧音频的样本数，如果是可变的填10000，不是每个编码器都有固定的数值
    if (c->codec->capabilities & AV_CODEC_CAP_VARIABLE_FRAME_SIZE)
        nb_samples = 10000;
    else
        nb_samples = c->frame_size;
    //分配帧空间
    ost->frame     = alloc_audio_frame(c->sample_fmt, c->channel_layout,
                                       c->sample_rate, nb_samples);
                                     因为我们编码数据的时候是采用AV_SAMPLE_FMT_S16存放数据的，如果编码器的c->sample_fmt对不上我们就要转换成编码器中的采样类型
    ost->tmp_frame = alloc_audio_frame(AV_SAMPLE_FMT_S16, c->channel_layout,
                                       c->sample_rate, nb_samples);

 //拷贝参数
    /* copy the stream parameters to the muxer */
    ret = avcodec_parameters_from_context(ost->st->codecpar, c);
    if (ret < 0) {
        fprintf(stderr, "Could not copy the stream parameters\n");
        exit(1);
    }
   
    //初始化音频格式变化 变换采样格式
    /* create resampler context */
    ost->swr_ctx = swr_alloc();
    if (!ost->swr_ctx) {
        fprintf(stderr, "Could not allocate resampler context\n");
        exit(1);
    }

    /* set options */
    av_opt_set_int       (ost->swr_ctx, "in_channel_count",   c->channels,       0);
    av_opt_set_int       (ost->swr_ctx, "in_sample_rate",     c->sample_rate,    0);
    av_opt_set_sample_fmt(ost->swr_ctx, "in_sample_fmt",      AV_SAMPLE_FMT_S16, 0);
    av_opt_set_int       (ost->swr_ctx, "out_channel_count",  c->channels,       0);
    av_opt_set_int       (ost->swr_ctx, "out_sample_rate",    c->sample_rate,    0);
    av_opt_set_sample_fmt(ost->swr_ctx, "out_sample_fmt",     c->sample_fmt,     0);

    /* initialize the resampling context */
    if ((ret = swr_init(ost->swr_ctx)) < 0) {
        fprintf(stderr, "Failed to initialize the resampling context\n");
        exit(1);
    }
}

/* Prepare a 16 bit dummy audio frame of 'frame_size' samples and
 * 'nb_channels' channels. */
static AVFrame *get_audio_frame(OutputStream *ost)
{
    AVFrame *frame = ost->tmp_frame;
    int j, i, v;
    int16_t *q = (int16_t*)frame->data[0];
      
      //录制视频为10秒，大于10秒结束
    /* check if we want to generate more frames */
    if (av_compare_ts(ost->next_pts, ost->enc->time_base,
                      STREAM_DURATION, (AVRational){ 1, 1 }) > 0)
        return NULL;

    for (j = 0; j <frame->nb_samples; j++) {
        v = (int)(sin(ost->t) * 10000);
        for (i = 0; i < ost->enc->channels; i++)
            *q++ = v;
        ost->t     += ost->tincr;
        ost->tincr += ost->tincr2;
    }

     
     //音频帧时间戳pts的计算，因为音频time_base是以采样率来计算的，如采样率44100 就1秒44100个采样，所以这里时间戳就可以用每帧的采样个数累加起来计算
     //当累加起来有44100个采样刚好1秒
    frame->pts = ost->next_pts;
    ost->next_pts  += frame->nb_samples;

    return frame;
}

/*
 * encode one audio frame and send it to the muxer
 * return 1 when encoding is finished, 0 otherwise
 */
static int write_audio_frame(AVFormatContext *oc, OutputStream *ost)
{
    AVCodecContext *c;
    AVFrame *frame;
    int ret;
    int dst_nb_samples;

    c = ost->enc;

    frame = get_audio_frame(ost);

    if (frame) {
        /* convert samples from native format to destination codec format, using the resampler */
        /* compute destination number of samples */
       // av_rescale_rnd(int64_t 	a,int64_t 	b,int64_t 	c,enum AVRounding 	rnd ) 类似等同于a*b/c操作	
        //swr_get_delay(ost->swr_ctx, c->sample_rate)得到音频重采样时所花费的时间（这里第二个参数为采样率，所以返回的是采样个数）
        dst_nb_samples = av_rescale_rnd(swr_get_delay(ost->swr_ctx, c->sample_rate) + frame->nb_samples,
                                        c->sample_rate, c->sample_rate, AV_ROUND_UP);
        //断言                                
        av_assert0(dst_nb_samples == frame->nb_samples);

        /* when we pass a frame to the encoder, it may keep a reference to it
         * internally;
         * make sure we do not overwrite it here
         */
        ret = av_frame_make_writable(ost->frame);
        if (ret < 0)
            exit(1);
//转换成指定格式
        /* convert to destination format */
        ret = swr_convert(ost->swr_ctx,
                          ost->frame->data, dst_nb_samples,
                          (const uint8_t **)frame->data, frame->nb_samples);
        if (ret < 0) {
            fprintf(stderr, "Error while converting\n");
            exit(1);
        }
        frame = ost->frame;
       //转换以c tiame_base为基的时间戳
        frame->pts = av_rescale_q(ost->samples_count, (AVRational){1, c->sample_rate}, c->time_base);
        ost->samples_count += dst_nb_samples;
    }

    return write_frame(oc, c, ost->st, frame);
}

/**************************************************************/
/* video output */

static AVFrame *alloc_picture(enum AVPixelFormat pix_fmt, int width, int height)
{
    AVFrame *picture;
    int ret;

    picture = av_frame_alloc();
    if (!picture)
        return NULL;

    picture->format = pix_fmt;//数据格式
    picture->width  = width;//宽度
    picture->height = height;//高度

    /* allocate the buffers for the frame data */
    ret = av_frame_get_buffer(picture, 0);
    if (ret < 0) {
        fprintf(stderr, "Could not allocate frame data.\n");
        exit(1);
    }

    return picture;
}

static void open_video(AVFormatContext *oc, const AVCodec *codec,
                       OutputStream *ost, AVDictionary *opt_arg)
{
    int ret;
    AVCodecContext *c = ost->enc;
    AVDictionary *opt = NULL;

   //拷贝参数    
    av_dict_copy(&opt, opt_arg, 0);

    //打开编码器
    /* open the codec */
    ret = avcodec_open2(c, codec, &opt);
    av_dict_free(&opt);
    if (ret < 0) {
        fprintf(stderr, "Could not open video codec: %s\n", av_err2str(ret));
        exit(1);
    }
   
   //分配原始数据AVFrame的大小
    /* allocate and init a re-usable frame */
    ost->frame = alloc_picture(c->pix_fmt, c->width, c->height);
    if (!ost->frame) {
        fprintf(stderr, "Could not allocate video frame\n");
        exit(1);
    }

    /* If the output format is not YUV420P, then a temporary YUV420P
     * picture is needed too. It is then converted to the required
     * output format. */
    ost->tmp_frame = NULL;
    //因为我们编码数据的时候是采用AV_PIX_FMT_YUV420存放数据的，如果编码器的pix_fmt对不上我们就要转换成编码器中的采样类型
    if (c->pix_fmt != AV_PIX_FMT_YUV420P) {
        ost->tmp_frame = alloc_picture(AV_PIX_FMT_YUV420P, c->width, c->height);
        if (!ost->tmp_frame) {
            fprintf(stderr, "Could not allocate temporary picture\n");
            exit(1);
        }
    }

     //从上编码上下文中拷贝参数到流
    /* copy the stream parameters to the muxer */
    ret = avcodec_parameters_from_context(ost->st->codecpar, c);
    if (ret < 0) {
        fprintf(stderr, "Could not copy the stream parameters\n");
        exit(1);
    }
}

/* Prepare a dummy image. */
static void fill_yuv_image(AVFrame *pict, int frame_index,
                           int width, int height)
{
    int x, y, i;

    i = frame_index;

    /* Y */
    for (y = 0; y < height; y++)
        for (x = 0; x < width; x++)
            pict->data[0][y * pict->linesize[0] + x] = x + y + i * 3;

    /* Cb and Cr */
    for (y = 0; y < height / 2; y++) {
        for (x = 0; x < width / 2; x++) {
            pict->data[1][y * pict->linesize[1] + x] = 128 + y + i * 2;
            pict->data[2][y * pict->linesize[2] + x] = 64 + x + i * 5;
        }
    }
}

static AVFrame *get_video_frame(OutputStream *ost)
{
    AVCodecContext *c = ost->enc;

    //大于10秒不录制了
    /* check if we want to generate more frames */
    if (av_compare_ts(ost->next_pts, c->time_base,
                      STREAM_DURATION, (AVRational){ 1, 1 }) > 0)
        return NULL;
   //如果帧是可写的，则不执行任何操作，如果不是，则分配新的缓冲区并复制数据。
    /* when we pass a frame to the encoder, it may keep a reference to it
     * internally; make sure we do not overwrite it here */
    if (av_frame_make_writable(ost->frame) < 0)
        exit(1);

    if (c->pix_fmt != AV_PIX_FMT_YUV420P) {
         // AV_PIX_FMT_YUV420P重采样为目标的的格式
        /* as we only generate a YUV420P picture, we must convert it
         * to the codec pixel format if needed */
        if (!ost->sws_ctx) {
            ost->sws_ctx = sws_getContext(c->width, c->height,
                                          AV_PIX_FMT_YUV420P,
                                          c->width, c->height,
                                          c->pix_fmt,
                                          SCALE_FLAGS, NULL, NULL, NULL);
            if (!ost->sws_ctx) {
                fprintf(stderr,
                        "Could not initialize the conversion context\n");
                exit(1);
            }
        }
        fill_yuv_image(ost->tmp_frame, ost->next_pts, c->width, c->height);
        sws_scale(ost->sws_ctx, (const uint8_t * const *) ost->tmp_frame->data,
                  ost->tmp_frame->linesize, 0, c->height, ost->frame->data,
                  ost->frame->linesize);
    } else {
        //填充视频帧数据
        fill_yuv_image(ost->frame, ost->next_pts, c->width, c->height);
    }
   
   //赋值pts 视频的时间基是1/帧率 所以这里每完成1帧pts时间戳加1 
    ost->frame->pts = ost->next_pts++;

    return ost->frame;
}

/*
 * encode one video frame and send it to the muxer
 * return 1 when encoding is finished, 0 otherwise
 */
static int write_video_frame(AVFormatContext *oc, OutputStream *ost)
{
    return write_frame(oc, ost->enc, ost->st, get_video_frame(ost));
}

static void close_stream(AVFormatContext *oc, OutputStream *ost)
{
    avcodec_free_context(&ost->enc);
    av_frame_free(&ost->frame);
    av_frame_free(&ost->tmp_frame);
    sws_freeContext(ost->sws_ctx);
    swr_free(&ost->swr_ctx);
}

/**************************************************************/
/* media file output */

int main(int argc, char **argv)
{
    OutputStream video_st = { 0 }, audio_st = { 0 };
    const AVOutputFormat *fmt;
    const char *filename;
    AVFormatContext *oc;
    const AVCodec *audio_codec, *video_codec;
    int ret;
    int have_video = 0, have_audio = 0;
    int encode_video = 0, encode_audio = 0;
    AVDictionary *opt = NULL;
    int i;

    if (argc < 2) {
        printf("usage: %s output_file\n"
               "API example program to output a media file with libavformat.\n"
               "This program generates a synthetic audio and video stream, encodes and\n"
               "muxes them into a file named output_file.\n"
               "The output format is automatically guessed according to the file extension.\n"
               "Raw images can also be output by using '%%d' in the filename.\n"
               "\n", argv[0]);
        return 1;
    }

    filename = argv[1];
    for (i = 2; i+1 < argc; i+=2) {
        if (!strcmp(argv[i], "-flags") || !strcmp(argv[i], "-fflags"))
             //argv[i]+1 等于flags 或者fflags  arg[i+1]就是下一个参数值
             //设置命令参数值对到AVDictionary 结构体中
            av_dict_set(&opt, argv[i]+1, argv[i+1], 0);
    }

    /* allocate the output media context */
    //分配输出格式上下文，第二个参数为 AVOutputFormat * 	oformat,第三个参数为const char * 	format_name
    //如果第二、第三个参数为空，则根据文件名来确定输出的格式
    avformat_alloc_output_context2(&oc, NULL, NULL, filename);
    if (!oc) {
        //无法从扩展名中推断出格式，就使用mpeg格式
        printf("Could not deduce output format from file extension: using MPEG.\n");
        avformat_alloc_output_context2(&oc, NULL, "mpeg", filename);
    }
    if (!oc)
        return 1;
  //AVOutputFormat 结构体则保存了格式的信息和一些常规设置如格式名称、mime_type、默认的视频、音频、字幕的编解码器id等
    fmt = oc->oformat;

    /* Add the audio and video streams using the default format codecs
     * and initialize the codecs. */
    if (fmt->video_codec != AV_CODEC_ID_NONE) {
        add_stream(&video_st, oc, &video_codec, fmt->video_codec);
        have_video = 1;
        encode_video = 1;
    }
    if (fmt->audio_codec != AV_CODEC_ID_NONE) {
        add_stream(&audio_st, oc, &audio_codec, fmt->audio_codec);
        have_audio = 1;
        encode_audio = 1;
    }


    //设置完参数，打开视频音频编码器，分配编码缓存区

    /* Now that all the parameters are set, we can open the audio and
     * video codecs and allocate the necessary encode buffers. */
    if (have_video)
        open_video(oc, video_codec, &video_st, opt);

    if (have_audio)
        open_audio(oc, audio_codec, &audio_st, opt);
  

  //打印出来
    av_dump_format(oc, 0, filename, 1);

    //创建并初始化AVIOContext，用于访问url所指示的资源
    /* open the output file, if needed */
    if (!(fmt->flags & AVFMT_NOFILE)) {
        ret = avio_open(&oc->pb, filename, AVIO_FLAG_WRITE);
        if (ret < 0) {
            fprintf(stderr, "Could not open '%s': %s\n", filename,
                    av_err2str(ret));
            return 1;
        }
    }

    //写入头
    /* Write the stream header, if any. */
    ret = avformat_write_header(oc, &opt);
    if (ret < 0) {
        fprintf(stderr, "Error occurred when opening output file: %s\n",
                av_err2str(ret));
        return 1;
    }
    //开始编码写入数据
    while (encode_video || encode_audio) {
        /* select the stream to encode */
        //av_compare_ts 比较2个时间 如果视频时间比音频时间前就小于0 
        if (encode_video &&
            (!encode_audio || av_compare_ts(video_st.next_pts, video_st.enc->time_base,
                                            audio_st.next_pts, audio_st.enc->time_base) <= 0)) {
            encode_video = !write_video_frame(oc, &video_st);
        } else {
            encode_audio = !write_audio_frame(oc, &audio_st);
        }
    }


    //写入尾
    /* Write the trailer, if any. The trailer must be written before you
     * close the CodecContexts open when you wrote the header; otherwise
     * av_write_trailer() may try to use memory that was freed on
     * av_codec_close(). */
    av_write_trailer(oc);


    //释放内存
    /* Close each codec. */
    if (have_video)
        close_stream(oc, &video_st);
    if (have_audio)
        close_stream(oc, &audio_st);

    if (!(fmt->flags & AVFMT_NOFILE))
        /* Close the output file. */
        avio_closep(&oc->pb);

    /* free the stream */
    avformat_free_context(oc);

    return 0;
}