虚基类

虚基类用于多重继承

虚基类：

1. 为了解决多重继承时对间接基类同一成员的多次继承，造成数据冗余。故而引入虚基类，其机制是，只保留一份数据（派生类直接从虚基类中继承数据）《不过其他数据还有只不过是屏蔽掉了

图解如下：

#include <iostream>

using namespace std;

class V
{
	protected:
		int value;
};

//虚继承
class A : virtual public V
{
	public:
		A(){
			v = 10;
		}
		void disp() const{
			cout << "in A::disp,v: " << v << endl;
			cout << "in A::disp,value: " << value << endl;
		}

	protected:
		int v;
	//	int value;
};

//虚继承
class B : virtual public V
{
	public:
		B(){
			v = 20;
		}
		void disp() const{
			cout << "in B,v: " << v << endl;
			cout << "in B::disp,value: " << value << endl;
		}

	protected:
		int v;
		//int value;
};

class C : public A,protected B
{
	public:
		//派生类 从间接基类 直接继承
		C():V(),A(),B(){
			c = 9;
		}

		void show() const{
			cout << "in C::show, c: " << c << endl;
			cout << "value: " << value << endl;
			cout << "&value: " << &value << endl;

			                      // V::value
			cout << "A::value: " << A::value << endl;
			cout << "&A::value: " << &(A::value) << endl;
								  // V::value
			cout << "B::value: " << B::value << endl;
			cout << "&B::value: " << &(B::value) << endl;
		}

	private:
		int c;
};

int main()
{
	C c1;
	cout << "sizeof(C): " << sizeof(C) << endl;
	c1.show();

	return 0;
}