单例模式 多线程单例 双重锁定 枚举

1：单例模式

public class Singleton {
    private static Singleton singleton = null;

    private Singleton(){

    }

    public static Singleton getSingleton(){
      if (singleton == null){
          return new Singleton();
      }
        return singleton;
    }
}

注意：多线程模式下可能会创建出多个实例

 

2：多线程单例模式：

public class Singleton {
    private static Singleton singleton = null;

    private Singleton(){

    }

    public static Singleton getSingleton(){
      synchronized (Singleton.class){
          if (singleton == null){
              return new Singleton();
          }
          return singleton;
      }
    }
}

注意:每次调用getSingleton方法都需要加锁，不管Singleton类是否初始化过

3.双重锁检验

public class Singleton {
    private static Singleton singleton = null;
    
    private Singleton(){
        
    }
    
    public static Singleton getSingleton(){
        if (singleton == null){
            synchronized (Singleton.class){
                if(singleton == null){
                    return new Singleton();
                }
            }
        }
        return new Singleton();
    }
}

注意:可以通过构造器的setAccessible方法通过反射方式调用私有的构造器方法，安全性能低

4.枚举单例

public enum  EnumSingleton {
    INSTANCE;
    public EnumSingleton getInstance(){
        return INSTANCE;
    }
}