Flask 源码阅读笔记

A web site using Flask Framework

• Flask for service logic
• Gunicorn hosts the flask app
• Finally nginx esponsible for：
  • buffer slow clients on the Internet
  • load balance for many gunicorn processes
  • WAF and so on

How it works

• pep333

pep333

The WSGI interface has two sides: the “server” or “gateway” side, and the “application” or “framework” side. The server side invokes a callable object that is provided by the application side.

pep333 定义了python web框架和web server之间的接口，只要框架实现了wsgi 接口，就可以被支持wsgi接口的web server调用。在这里，web server接收到请求，调用框架，获取输出。

如下是一个简单的满足wsgi 接口的python web应用：

def simple_app(environ, start_response):
    """Simplest possible application object"""
    status = '200 OK'
    response_headers = [('Content-type', 'text/plain')]
    start_response(status, response_headers)
    return ['Hello world!\n']

web server预先定义start_response 方法供web 应用调用来收集输出，web server在调用web 应用时，同时传入environ变量来代表os当前的环境，server环境和web request。

具体在当前的gunicorn、flask环境下。
flask 在Flask对象里，通过__call__方法满足了wsgi的接口要求。

def __call__(self, environ, start_response):
        """The WSGI server calls the Flask application object as the
        WSGI application. This calls :meth:`wsgi_app` which can be
        wrapped to applying middleware."""
        return self.wsgi_app(environ, start_response)
<