【第9章测试与发布】9.2 自动化测试（Kivy Inspector使用）-CSDN博客

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/umut9/article/details/147880880

基于统信UOS的Kivy编程自动化测试与Kivy Inspector集成方案

一、Kivy Inspector基础集成

1. 在应用中启用Inspector

from kivy.config import Config
# 必须在导入其他Kivy模块前设置
Config.set('kivy', 'exit_on_escape', '0')  # 防止误退出
Config.set('kivy', 'inspector_enable', '1')  # 启用Inspector

class MyApp(App):
    def build(self):
        # 添加Inspector快捷键 (Ctrl+E)
        from kivy.core.window import Window
        Window.bind(on_keyboard=self._keyboard_handler)
        
    def _keyboard_handler(self, window, key, *args):
        if key == 101 and 'ctrl' in args:  # Ctrl+E
            from kivy.modules import inspector
            inspector.create_inspector(Window, self)
            return True
        return False

2. 统信UOS特定适配配置

# 在~/.kivy/config.ini中添加
[inspector]
enable = 1
port = 5000  # 远程调试端口
keyboard_mode = system  # 使用统信输入法兼容模式

二、自动化测试框架搭建

1. 结合unittest和Kivy Inspector

from unittest import TestCase
from kivy.tests.common import GraphicUnitTest
from kivy.modules import inspector

class UOSInspectorTestCase(GraphicUnitTest, TestCase):
    @classmethod
    def setUpClass(cls):
        super().setUpClass()
        # 初始化Inspector模块
        inspector.start(Window)
        
    def capture_widget_properties(self, widget):
        """通过Inspector获取控件属性"""
        from kivy.inspector import INSPECTOR
        node = INSPECTOR.tree._find_node_by_widget(widget)
        return node.properties if node else {}
        
    def assertWidgetProperty(self, widget, prop, expected):
        """断言控件属性值"""
        actual = self.capture_widget_properties(widget).get(prop)
        self.assertEqual(actual, expected, 
                       f"Widget {widget} property {prop} mismatch")

三、可视化元素定位策略

1. 使用Inspector生成选择器

def find_widget_by_selector(root, selector):
    """
    通过CSS风格选择器定位控件
    示例: "#submit_btn", ".rounded-button", "Label"
    """
    from kivy.inspector import INSPECTOR
    
    if selector.startswith('#'):  # 按ID
        return INSPECTOR.tree._find_node_by_id(selector[1:]).widget
    elif selector.startswith('.'):  # 按类样式
        class_name = selector[1:]
        for node in INSPECTOR.tree.iterate_all_nodes():
            if class_name in node.classes:
                return node.widget
    else:  # 按控件类型
        for node in INSPECTOR.tree.iterate_all_nodes():
            if node.__class__.__name__ == selector:
                return node.widget
    raise ValueError(f"Widget not found: {selector}")

2. 统信UOS视觉特征定位

def locate_by_uos_theme(widget_type, text=None):
    """通过统信UOS主题特征定位控件"""
    from kivy.inspector import INSPECTOR
    for node in INSPECTOR.tree.iterate_all_nodes():
        widget = node.widget
        if isinstance(widget, widget_type):
            if text is None or getattr(widget, 'text', None) == text:
                # 验证统信主题样式
                bg_color = widget.canvas.before.children[0].rgba
                if bg_color == [0.9, 0.9, 0.9, 1]:  # 统信标准背景色
                    return widget
    raise ValueError("Matching UOS themed widget not found")

四、交互测试自动化

1. 模拟用户操作

from kivy.input.motionevent import MotionEvent

class AutomatedInteraction:
    @staticmethod
    def tap(widget, x=None, y=None):
        """模拟点击操作"""
        if x is None or y is None:
            x = widget.center_x
            y = widget.center_y
        
        # 创建触摸事件
        touch = MotionEvent('unittest', 1, {
            'x': x,
            'y': y,
            'is_touch': True,
            'pos': (x, y)
        })
        
        # 触发事件
        widget.dispatch('on_touch_down', touch)
        widget.dispatch('on_touch_up', touch)
        
    @staticmethod
    def swipe(start_widget, end_widget, duration=0.5):
        """模拟滑动操作"""
        # 实现滑动逻辑...

2. 结合Inspector的录制回放

class ActionRecorder:
    def __init__(self):
        self.actions = []
        from kivy.inspector import INSPECTOR
        INSPECTOR.tree.bind(on_select=self._record_selection)
        
    def _record_selection(self, instance, node):
        self.current_widget = node.widget
        
    def record_tap(self, x, y):
        self.actions.append(('tap', self.current_widget, x, y))
        
    def replay(self):
        for action in self.actions:
            if action[0] == 'tap':
                AutomatedInteraction.tap(action[1], action[2], action[3])

五、统信UOS专属测试方案

1. 主题一致性验证

class UOSThemeTest(GraphicUnitTest):
    def test_button_theme_compliance(self):
        from src.uos_theme import UOSTheme
        button = UOSTheme.create_button(text="Test")
        self.render(button)
        
        # 验证背景色
        bg = button.canvas.before.children[0]
        self.assertEqual(bg.rgba, [0.2, 0.5, 0.8, 1])  # 统信标准蓝色
        
        # 验证字体
        self.assertEqual(button.font_name, "Noto Sans CJK SC")
        
        # 验证点击效果
        initial_color = bg.rgba
        AutomatedInteraction.tap(button)
        self.assertNotEqual(bg.rgba, initial_color)  # 点击应有颜色变化

2. 多架构渲染一致性测试

class CrossArchRenderTest(unittest.TestCase):
    @classmethod
    def setUpClass(cls):
        cls.reference_images = {
            'loongarch': 'golden/loongarch/button.png',
            'arm64': 'golden/arm64/button.png',
            'x86': 'golden/x86/button.png'
        }
        
    def test_render_consistency(self):
        from kivy.core.image import Image
        current_arch = os.uname().machine
        
        # 生成当前架构的渲染截图
        button = Button(text="Submit")
        fbo = self.render(button)
        current_pixels = fbo.pixels
        
        # 与参考图像对比
        ref_image = Image.load(self.reference_images[current_arch])
        diff = self._image_diff(current_pixels, ref_image)
        self.assertLess(diff, 0.01, "渲染结果与参考图像差异过大")
        
    def _image_diff(self, pixels, ref_image):
        """计算图像差异度"""
        # 实现差异度算法...

六、持续集成中的自动化测试

1. 无头测试配置

# 在统信UOS CI环境中
export DISPLAY=:99
Xvfb :99 -screen 0 1024x768x24 &
python -m pytest --with-headless --kivy-inspector

2. 测试用例示例

class TestGovernmentForm(GraphicUnitTest):
    def test_form_submission(self):
        # 通过Inspector获取表单控件
        form = find_widget_by_selector("#main_form")
        name_field = find_widget_by_selector("#name_input")
        submit_btn = find_widget_by_selector(".submit-button")
        
        # 模拟填写表单
        AutomatedInteraction.tap(name_field)
        name_field.text = "张三"
        
        # 验证提交按钮状态
        self.assertFalse(submit_btn.disabled)
        
        # 模拟提交
        AutomatedInteraction.tap(submit_btn)
        
        # 验证结果
        from kivy.clock import Clock
        Clock.schedule_once(lambda dt: self._verify_submission(), 1)
        
    def _verify_submission(self):
        status_label = find_widget_by_selector("#submit_status")
        self.assertEqual(status_label.text, "提交成功")

七、高级调试技巧

1. 动态修改属性调试

def debug_widget_properties(widget):
    """通过Inspector动态修改控件属性"""
    from kivy.inspector import INSPECTOR
    node = INSPECTOR.tree._find_node_by_widget(widget)
    if node:
        print("可调试属性:")
        for name, prop in node.properties.items():
            print(f"{name}: {prop.value} (type: {prop.typ})")
            # 示例：动态修改文本颜色
            if name == 'color':
                prop.value = [1, 0, 0, 1]  # 改为红色

2. 性能分析集成

class PerformanceTest(unittest.TestCase):
    def test_rendering_performance(self):
        from kivy.inspector import INSPECTOR
        from cProfile import Profile
        from pstats import Stats
        
        complex_view = build_complex_view()  # 构建复杂界面
        
        with Profile() as prof:
            for _ in range(100):
                INSPECTOR.tree.update_widget(complex_view)
                self.render(complex_view)
                
        stats = Stats(prof)
        stats.sort_stats('cumtime').print_stats(10)
        
        # 验证60fps达标
        self.assertLess(stats.total_tt / 100, 1/60, 
                       "单帧渲染时间超过16ms")

八、常见问题解决方案

1. Inspector无法连接问题

# 统信UOS防火墙配置
import os
os.system('sudo ufw allow 5000/tcp')  # 允许Inspector端口

# 替代方案：使用SSH隧道
# ssh -L 5000:localhost:5000 user@uos-device

2. 中文输入测试

class ChineseInputTest(GraphicUnitTest):
    def test_chinese_input(self):
        from kivy.core.window import Window
        text_input = find_widget_by_selector("#name_input")
        
        # 模拟统信输入法输入
        Window.dispatch('on_textinput', "张")
        Window.dispatch('on_textinput', "三")
        
        self.assertEqual(text_input.text, "张三")
        self.assertWidgetProperty(text_input, 'text', "张三")

3. 多屏适配测试

class MultiScreenTest(unittest.TestCase):
    def test_high_dpi_scaling(self):
        # 模拟统信UOS不同的缩放设置
        for scale in [1.0, 1.25, 1.5, 2.0]:
            os.environ['KIVY_DPI'] = str(96 * scale)
            os.environ['KIVY_METRICS_DENSITY'] = str(scale)
            
            app = TestApp()
            root = app.build()
            
            # 验证布局是否正常
            button = find_widget_by_selector("#submit_btn")
            self.assertGreaterEqual(button.height, 50 * scale)