MIPS寄存器

 

基础知识介绍：

 

1.         MIPS32的内部寄存器。

最简单的办法就是通过GDB的命令，可以获得下面的列表

(gdb) info registers           zero       at       v0       v1       a0       a1       a2       a3  R0   00000000 00000001 0000000f 0000000f 00000000 0000000f 0000000e 00000071             t0       t1       t2       t3       t4       t5       t6       t7  R8   00000072 00000001 00000203 80003cb1 80003cb0 0000007f 00000080 00000008             s0       s1       s2       s3       s4       s5       s6       s7  R16  00000001 80003bb0 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000             t8       t9       k0       k1       gp       sp       s8       ra  R24  0000101a 0000000d 00000000 00000000 8000bbd0 807fffb8 00000000 80000830             sr       lo       hi      bad    cause       pc       00000000 00000000 00000007 00000000 00000000 80000830            fsr      fir       00000000 00000000

除了32个通用寄存器以及别名外，还有8个专用寄存器，分别是：

sr ( 全称Status ,CP0 Reg12) Processor status and control; interrupt control; and shadow set control

lo ( 全称WatchLo , CP0 Reg18) Low-order watchpoint address

hi ( 全称WatchHi, CP0 Reg19) High-order watchpoint address

bad ( 全称BadVAddr, CP0 Reg8) Reports the address for the most recent address-related exception

cause (CP0 Reg13) Cause of last exception

pc 很明显这个是程序计数寄存器，奇怪的是在32个通用寄存器以及CP0的32个寄存器中都没有找到他，最接近的一个是CP0Reg14 EPC (Program counter at last exception.)

fsr 浮点相关寄存器，具体用途不明

fir浮点相关寄存器，具体用途不明

 

下表描述32个通用寄存器的别名和用途

;REGISTER	NAME	USAGE
$0	$zero	常量0(constant value 0)
$1	$at	保留给汇编器(Reserved for assembler)
$2-$3	$v0-$v1	函数调用返回值(values for results and expression evaluation)
$4-$7	$a0-$a3	函数调用参数(arguments)
$8-$15	$t0-$t7	暂时的(或随便用的)
$16-$23	$s0-$s7	保存的(或如果用，需要SAVE/RESTORE的)(saved)
$24-$25	$t8-$t9	暂时的(或随便用的)
$28	$gp	全局指针(Global Pointer)
$29	$sp	堆栈指针(Stack Pointer)
$30	$fp	帧指针(Frame Pointer)
$31	$ra	返回地址(return address)

 

Table: MIPS registers and the convention governing their use.

Register Name	Number	Usage
zero	0	Constant 0
at	1	Reserved for assembler
v0	2	Expression evaluation and results of a function
v1	3	Expression evaluation and results of a function
a0	4	Argument 1
a1	5	Argument 2
a2	6	Argument 3
a3	7	Argument 4
t0	8	Temporary (not preserved across call)
t1	9	Temporary (not preserved across call)
t2	10	Temporary (not preserved across call)
t3	11	Temporary (not preserved across call)
t4	12	Temporary (not preserved across call)
t5	13	Temporary (not preserved across call)
t6	14	Temporary (not preserved across call)
t7	15	Temporary (not preserved across call)
s0	16	Saved temporary (preserved across call)
s1	17	Saved temporary (preserved across call)
s2	18	Saved temporary (preserved across call)
s3	19	Saved temporary (preserved across call)
s4	20	Saved temporary (preserved across call)
s5	21	Saved temporary (preserved across call)
s6	22	Saved temporary (preserved across call)
s7	23	Saved temporary (preserved across call)
t8	24	Temporary (not preserved across call)
t9	25	Temporary (not preserved across call)
k0	26	Reserved for OS kernel
k1	27	Reserved for OS kernel
gp	28	Pointer to global area
sp	29	Stack pointer
fp or s8	30	Frame pointer
ra	31	Return address (used by function call)