exec 函数族

一、函数原型

注：
以上6个接口都是UNIX C接口，不过只有execve是系统调用接口，其它5个实现都需要间接调用execve

二、函数区别

标志：

• p
  可执行文件名作为参数（无须指定路径）

• l/v
  l和v标志互斥，l表示通过可变长char * 指针；v表示通过指针数组

• e
  使用envp表示的环境变量覆盖子进程环境变量

三、示例代码

execl

程序设计：
父进程 不停的休息（休息中可能被信号打断），并负责回收子进程资源，结束状态
子进程 打印一行Hello World！

子进程

#include <iostream>

using namespace std;


void print_arg(int argc, char * argv[])
{
	for(int cnt = 0; cnt < argc;cnt++)
	{
		cout << "argv[" << cnt << "]: " << argv[cnt] << endl;
	}
}
int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
	print_arg(argc,argv);
	cout << "Hello World!" << endl;
	return 0;
}

父进程

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;


extern "C"
{
	/*pid_t wait(int *status);*/
       #include <sys/types.h>
       #include <sys/wait.h>
	/*fork sleep*/
       #include <unistd.h>

	/*signal*/
       #include <signal.h>
}

void signal_child(int signum)
{
	int status = 0;
	pid_t pid = wait(&status);
	
	if(-1 == pid)
	{
		cout << "No child process" << endl;
	}
	else
	{
		cout << "waited child process pid = " << pid << endl;
		if(WIFEXITED(status))
		{
			cout << "exited status = "  << WEXITSTATUS(status) << endl;
		}
		else
		{
			cout << "aborted status = " << WTERMSIG(status) << endl;
		}
	}
}

int main(void)
{
	int res = 0;
	pid_t pid = 0;

	/*sigchld*/
	if(SIG_ERR == signal(SIGCHLD,signal_child))
	{
		cout << "Error signal CHLD regester" << endl; 
	}

	pid = fork();
	
	if(-1 == pid)
	{
		res = -1;
		goto End;
	}
	
	if(0 == pid)
	{
		/*child process*/                 /*Just print为子进程argv[0] */
		execl("/home/jianleya/HelloWorld","Just print",NULL);
	}
	else
	{
		
		/*father process*/
		while(1)
		{
			sleep(5);
			cout << "Snap 5 secs" << endl;
		}
	}

	End:
		return res;
	return 0;
}

execlp（相比execl，更简洁）

	if(0 == pid)
	{
		/*child process，相比execl，只需要改动这里即可*/
		execl("HelloWorld","Just print",NULL);
	}
	else
	{
		
		/*father process*/
		while(1)
		{
			sleep(5);
			cout << "Snap 5 secs" << endl;
		}
	}

execle（修改环境变量）

父进程

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;


extern "C"
{
	/*pid_t wait(int *status);*/
       #include <sys/types.h>
       #include <sys/wait.h>
	/*fork sleep*/
       #include <unistd.h>

	/*signal*/
       #include <signal.h>
}

void signal_child(int signum)
{
	int status = 0;
	pid_t pid = wait(&status);
	
	if(-1 == pid)
	{
		cout << "No child process" << endl;
	}
	else
	{
		cout << "waited child process pid = " << pid << endl;
		if(WIFEXITED(status))
		{
			cout << "exited status = "  << WEXITSTATUS(status) << endl;
		}
		else
		{
			cout << "aborted status = " << WTERMSIG(status) << endl;
		}
	}
}

int main(void)
{
	int res = 0;
	pid_t pid = 0;

	/*sigchld*/
	if(SIG_ERR == signal(SIGCHLD,signal_child))
	{
		cout << "Error signal CHLD regester" << endl; 
	}

	/*子进程 新的环境表*/
	char* pv[] = {"PATH=.","Author=yanjianlei",NULL};

	pid = fork();
	
	if(-1 == pid)
	{
		res = -1;
		goto End;
	}
	
	if(0 == pid)
	{
		/*child process*/
		execle("HelloWorld","Just print",NULL,pv);
	}
	else
	{
		
		/*father process*/
		while(1)
		{
			sleep(5);
			cout << "Snap 5 secs" << endl;
		}
	}

	End:
		return res;
	return 0;
}

子进程

#include <iostream>
#include <cstdio>
using namespace std;

extern "C"
{
	extern char **environ;
}

int my_printenv(void)
{
	char *pstr = NULL;
	if(environ == NULL)
	return -1;
	else
	{
		for(pstr=*environ;(pstr!=NULL);environ++)
		{
			pstr= *environ;
			cout << pstr << endl;
		}
	}
}
void print_arg(int argc, char * argv[])
{
	for(int cnt = 0; cnt < argc;cnt++)
	{
		cout << "argv[" << cnt << "]: " << argv[cnt] << endl;
	}
}
int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
	my_printenv();
	print_arg(argc,argv);

	cout << "Hello World!" << endl;
	return 0;
}

execv（对比execl）

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;


extern "C"
{
	/*pid_t wait(int *status);*/
       #include <sys/types.h>
       #include <sys/wait.h>
	/*fork sleep*/
       #include <unistd.h>

	/*signal*/
       #include <signal.h>
}

void signal_child(int signum)
{
	int status = 0;
	pid_t pid = wait(&status);
	
	if(-1 == pid)
	{
		cout << "No child process" << endl;
	}
	else
	{
		cout << "waited child process pid = " << pid << endl;
		if(WIFEXITED(status))
		{
			cout << "exited status = "  << WEXITSTATUS(status) << endl;
		}
		else
		{
			cout << "aborted status = " << WTERMSIG(status) << endl;
		}
	}
}

int main(void)
{
	int res = 0;
	pid_t pid = 0;

	/*sigchld*/
	if(SIG_ERR == signal(SIGCHLD,signal_child))
	{
		cout << "Error signal CHLD regester" << endl; 
	}

	/*env child*/
	//char* pv[] = {"PATH=.","Author=yanjianlei",NULL};
	/*argv child*/
	char *argv[] = {"Just print","Learn and Enjoy",NULL};

	pid = fork();
	
	if(-1 == pid)
	{
		res = -1;
		goto End;
	}
	
	if(0 == pid)
	{
		/*child process*/
		execv("/home/jianleya/HelloWorld",argv);
	}
	else
	{
		
		/*father process*/
		while(1)
		{
			sleep(5);
			cout << "Snap 5 secs" << endl;
		}
	}

	End:
		return res;
	return 0;
}

execvp（对比execlp）

略

execvpe（对比execle）

略

四、文件资源

execve 系统调用 文件管理：
目录->子进程所有打开的目录都需要关闭
文件->根据close on exec 标志，决定是否关闭文件

一般来说：
操作系统会自动把原来子进程指向的共享库文件和可执行文件关闭，并打开一个新的可执行文件

五、system

1、函数原形

#include <stdlib.h>
int system(const char *command);

2、实现原理

system通过调用fork，execl,waitpid实现；父进程会阻塞等待子进程退出
execl("/bin/sh", “sh”, “-c”, command, (char *) 0);

3、示例代码

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

#include <cstdlib>


int main(void)
{
   system("date > file");
   return 0;
}