2016书单总结--spring-boot-in-action学习笔记--源码简析

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#2016书单总结--spring-boot-in-action学习笔记--源码简析
1. 使用spring-boot主要使用起步依赖(spring-boot-starters)、自动配置(AutoConfigure)、监控管理(Actuator)、至于命令行工具(CLI),
老实说并不是太喜欢
2. 起步依赖其实利用了Maven的传递依赖以及Actuator模块中的可选非传递依赖
3. 通过对spring-boot启动源码进行简单分析,查看spring-boot是如何启动的,自动配置是如何完成的、监控管理是如何加入进来的
    a. 通过https://start.spring.io/ 构建初始化项目,加入web、jpa、h2起步依赖
    b. github下载spring-boot源码,https://github.com/spring-projects/spring-boot 导入idea,切换到1.4.3.BUILD-SNAPSHOT分支
    c. 本项目源码位于 https://github.com/undergrowthlinear/2016MyBookSummary.git 
4. 从@SpringBootApplication 开始分析
@SpringBootApplication
public class MybooksummaryApplication {


public static void main(String[] args) {
SpringApplication.run(MybooksummaryApplication.class, args);
}
}
@SpringBootApplication中包含三个重要注解
@SpringBootConfiguration其实就是个@Configuration
@ComponentScan组件扫描
@EnableAutoConfiguration有比较重要的@Import(EnableAutoConfigurationImportSelector.class)
    EnableAutoConfigurationImportSelector负责加载需要自动配置的类文件,
    org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.EnableAutoConfigurationImportSelector.selectImports的
    List<String> configurations = getCandidateConfigurations(metadata,attributes);负责利用SpringFactoriesLoader.loadFactoryNames从
    "META-INF/spring.factories"的文件中加载需要的自动配置类
    在spring-boot-autoconfigure\src\main\resources\META-INF\spring.factories可以找到关于自动配置的很多项
      spring-boot-actuator\src\main\resources\META-INF\spring.factories关于监控的自动配置的很多项
资源找到了,那么是谁来解析他们的呢,接着看
5. 从启动源码SpringApplication.run-->
org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication.initialize---->确定this.webEnvironment是否为web环境,取决于类路径下是否有
   { "javax.servlet.Servlet","org.springframework.web.context.ConfigurableWebApplicationContext" }
再看org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication.run(java.lang.String...)中做了很多操作,关注重点几个
a---->context = createApplicationContext();---->当web环境时,创建"org.springframework.boot.context.embedded.AnnotationConfigEmbeddedWebApplicationContext"的上下文,用于解析注解的web上下文环境


b---->prepareContext(context, environment, listeners, applicationArguments,printedBanner);---->重要的方法就是
     org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication.load---->加载资源
            BeanDefinitionLoader loader = createBeanDefinitionLoader(getBeanDefinitionRegistry(context), sources);---->创建加载器
                    loader.load();
                        org.springframework.boot.BeanDefinitionLoader.load(java.lang.Object)---->按照字节码加载
                            org.springframework.boot.BeanDefinitionLoader.load(java.lang.Class<?>)
                                if (isComponent(source)) { ---->判断是否具有Component注解,因为Configuration注解其实是用@Component注解标示的
                                this.annotatedReader.register(source);---->将字节码中带有的注解信息存入到BeanFactory,便于后续解析
                                   org.springframework.context.annotation.AnnotatedBeanDefinitionReader.register
                                    org.springframework.context.annotation.AnnotatedBeanDefinitionReader.registerBean(java.lang.Class<?>, java.lang.String, java.lang.Class<? extends java.lang.annotation.Annotation>...)
                                      AnnotatedGenericBeanDefinition abd = new AnnotatedGenericBeanDefinition(annotatedClass)
                                        org.springframework.core.type.StandardAnnotationMetadata.StandardAnnotationMetadata(java.lang.Class<?>, boolean)
上面做的一些事情 只是将需要解析的注解信息资源准备好了,但是解析注解的事情是在哪里做的呢?                                    


c---->c.refreshContext(context); ----->有一步很关键,进行注解的解析,不啰嗦,直接跟踪代码
    多点几下,来到这
    org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext.refresh
        org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext.invokeBeanFactoryPostProcessors
           org.springframework.context.support.PostProcessorRegistrationDelegate.invokeBeanFactoryPostProcessors(org.springframework.beans.factory.config.ConfigurableListableBeanFactory, java.util.List<org.springframework.beans.factory.config.BeanFactoryPostProcessor>)
            org.springframework.context.annotation.ConfigurationClassPostProcessor.postProcessBeanDefinitionRegistry
                org.springframework.context.annotation.ConfigurationClassPostProcessor.processConfigBeanDefinitions
                    org.springframework.context.annotation.ConfigurationClassParser.parse(java.util.Set<org.springframework.beans.factory.config.BeanDefinitionHolder>)
                        org.springframework.context.annotation.ConfigurationClassParser.doProcessConfigurationClass---->在这里你就可以看到对@PropertySource、@ComponentScan、
                        @Import、@ImportResource、@Bean相关注解的解析
                        这里我们只关注@Import注解,我们来看一下,如何完成自动配置
                        
d---->org.springframework.context.annotation.ConfigurationClassParser.processImports--关注@Import
   因为我们的MybooksummaryApplication具有@SpringBootApplication注解,拥有@Import(EnableAutoConfigurationImportSelector.class)
   所以执行
   if (candidate.isAssignable(ImportSelector.class)) 逻辑
     通过selector.selectImports回到org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.EnableAutoConfigurationImportSelector.selectImports
     获取到需要处理的自动配置列表后,递归
        processImports(configClass, currentSourceClass, importSourceClasses, false);方法
        来到org.springframework.context.annotation.ConfigurationClassParser.processConfigurationClass逻辑
        进行@PropertySource、@ComponentScan、 @Import、@ImportResource、@Bean的处理
 针对上面的原理,讲个实例
 
e---->例如内嵌的tomcat,启动在8080端口,是怎么搞的呢?
 在spring-boot-autoconfigure\src\main\resources\META-INF\spring.factories找到
 org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.DispatcherServletAutoConfiguration
会看到主要几个注解
@ConditionalOnWebApplication----only matches when the application context is a web application
@ConditionalOnClass(DispatcherServlet.class)----only matches when the specified classes are on the classpath
@AutoConfigureAfter(EmbeddedServletContainerAutoConfiguration.class)----Hint for that an {@link EnableAutoConfiguration auto-configuration} should be applied after other specified auto-configuration classes.
在DispatcherServletAutoConfiguration里面有如下代码,看完上面的内容,你就知道了,这里会帮你添加一个DispatcherServlet,等同于在web.xml中进行配置
                           @Bean(name = DEFAULT_DISPATCHER_SERVLET_BEAN_NAME)
                            public DispatcherServlet dispatcherServlet() {
                            DispatcherServlet dispatcherServlet = new DispatcherServlet();
 还有其他的视图什么的,不说了
再来看@AutoConfigureAfter(EmbeddedServletContainerAutoConfiguration.class)----这个就是用来启动tomcat的重要东西了
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.EmbeddedServletContainerAutoConfiguration---->
里面也是有这么一段
@Configuration
@ConditionalOnClass({ Servlet.class, Tomcat.class })
@ConditionalOnMissingBean(value = EmbeddedServletContainerFactory.class, search = SearchStrategy.CURRENT)
public static class EmbeddedTomcat {


@Bean
public TomcatEmbeddedServletContainerFactory tomcatEmbeddedServletContainerFactory() {
return new TomcatEmbeddedServletContainerFactory();
}


}
这个org.springframework.boot.context.embedded.tomcat.TomcatEmbeddedServletContainerFactory就是创建内嵌的tomcat容器工厂了
  org.springframework.boot.context.embedded.tomcat.TomcatEmbeddedServletContainerFactory.getEmbeddedServletContainer
     创建Tomcat tomcat = new Tomcat();
           关联连接器tomcat.setConnector(connector);
           配置引擎configureEngine(tomcat.getEngine());
           这是上下文信息org.springframework.boot.context.embedded.tomcat.TomcatEmbeddedServletContainerFactory.prepareContext
           创建tomcat容器----org.springframework.boot.context.embedded.tomcat.TomcatEmbeddedServletContainerFactory.getTomcatEmbeddedServletContainer
           org.springframework.boot.context.embedded.tomcat.TomcatEmbeddedServletContainer#TomcatEmbeddedServletContainer(Tomcat, boolean)
            this.tomcat.start();
            
以上即是spring-boot的起步依赖、自动配置、监控相关源码解析,如有不对之处,请多多指教!!----201701070057
Summary A developer-focused guide to writing applications using Spring Boot. You'll learn how to bypass the tedious configuration steps so that you can concentrate on your application's behavior. Purchase of the print book includes a free eBook in PDF, Kindle, and ePub formats from Manning Publications. About the Technology The Spring Framework simplifies enterprise Java development, but it does require lots of tedious configuration work. Spring Boot radically streamlines spinning up a Spring application. You get automatic configuration and a model with established conventions for build-time and runtime dependencies. You also get a handy command-line interface you can use to write scripts in Groovy. Developers who use Spring Boot often say that they can't imagine going back to hand configuring their applications. About the Book Spring Boot in Action is a developer-focused guide to writing applications using Spring Boot. In it, you'll learn how to bypass configuration steps so you can focus on your application's behavior. Spring expert Craig Walls uses interesting and practical examples to teach you both how to use the default settings effectively and how to override and customize Spring Boot for your unique environment. Along the way, you'll pick up insights from Craig's years of Spring development experience. What's Inside Develop Spring apps more efficiently Minimal to no configuration Runtime metrics with the Actuator Covers Spring Boot 1.3 About the Reader Written for readers familiar with the Spring Framework. About the Author Craig Walls is a software developer, author of the popular book Spring in Action, Fourth Edition, and a frequent speaker at conferences.
Spring.Boot.in.Action.2015.12.pdfFor online information and ordering of this and other manning books, please visit www.manning.com.thepublisheroffersdiscountsonthisbookwhenorderedinquantity For more information, please contact Special sales department Manning publications co 20 Baldwin Road PO BoX 761 Shelter island. ny11964 Emailorders@manning.com @2016 by manning Publications Co. All rights reserved No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted,in any form or by means electronic, mechanical, photocopying, or otherwise, without prior written permission of the publisher. Many of the designations used by manufacturers and sellers to distinguish their products are claimed as trademarks. Where those designations appear in the book, and manning Publications was aware of a trademark claim, the designations have been printed in initial caps ll Recognizing the importance of preserving what has been written, it is Mannings policy to have the books we publish printed on acid-free paper, and we exert our best efforts to that end Recognizing also our responsibility to conserve the resources of our planet, Manning books are printed on paper that is at least 15 percent recycled and processed without the use of elemental chlorine Manning publications co Development editor: Cynthia Kane 20 Baldwin Road Technical development editor: Robert casazza PO BoX 761 Copyeditor: Andy Carroll Shelter island. ny11964 Proofreader: Corbin Collins Technical p der John Guthrie Typesetter: Gordan Salinovic Cover designer: Marija Tudor ISBN9781617292545 Printed in the united states of america 12345678910-EBM-201918171615 contents reword vii pre eface 2x about this book xii acknowledgments xu Bootstarting Spring I 1. 1 Spring rebooted Taking a fresh look at spring 2. Examining spring Boot essentials 4 What Spring Boot isn't 7 1.2 Getting started with Spring boot 8 Installing the spring boot cli 8 Initializing a spring boot project with Spring Initializr 12 3 Summary 22 Developing your first Spring Boot application 23 2.1 Putting spring boot to work 24 Examining a newly initialized spring boot project 26 Dissecting Bc iect build 30 2.2 USing starter dependencies 33 Specifying facet-based dependencies 34. Overriding starter transitive dependencies 35 CONTENTS 2.8 USing automatic configuration 37 Focusing on application functionality 37. Running the application 45. What just happened? 45 2.4 Summary 48 Customizing configuration 49 8.1 Overriding Spring Boot auto-configuration 50 Securing the application 50. Creating a custom security configuration 51. Taking another peek under the covers of auto-configuration55 8.2 Externalizing configuration with properties 57 Fine-tuning auto-configuration 58. Externally configuring application beans 64. Configuring with profiles 69 8.8 Customizing application error pages 71 3.4 Summary 74 Testing with Spring Boot 76 4.1 Integration testing auto-configuration 77 4.2 Testing web applications 79 Mocking spring MvC 80- Testing web security 83 4.3 Testing a running application 86 Starting the server on a random port 87. Testing HTML pages with selenium 88 4.4 Summary 90 Getting Groovy with the spring Boot CLI 92 5.1 Developing a Spring Boot CLI application 93 Setting up the cli project 93 Eliminating code noise with Groovy 94. What just happened? 98 5.2 Grabbing dependencies 100 Overriding default dependency versions 101. Adding dependency repositories 102 5.8 Running tests with the CLI 102 5.4 Creating a deployable artifact 105 5.5 Summary 106 CONTENTS 6 Applying Grails in Spring Boot 107 1 Using gorm for data persistence 108 2 Defining views with groovy server pages 113 6.3 Mixing spring boot with grails 3 115 Creating a new grails project 116 Defining the domain 118 Writing a grails controller 119. Creating the view 120 6.4 Summary 123 Taking a peek inside with the Actuator 124 7.1 Exploring the actuator's endpoints 125 Viewing configuration details 126. Tapping runtime metrics 133 Shutting down the application 139. Fetching application information 140 7.2 Connecting to the Actuator remote shell 141 Viewing the autoconfig report 142. Listing application beans 143 Watching application metrics 144.Invoking actuator endpoints 145 7. 3 Monitoring your application with JMX 146 7.4 Customizing the Actuator 148 Changing endpoint Ds 148 Enabling and disabling endpoints 149 Adding custom metrics and gauges 149- Creating a custom trace repository 153 Plugging in custom health indicators 155 7.5 Securing Actuator endpoints 156 7.6 Summary 159 8 Deploying Spring Boot applications 160 8.1 Weighing deployment options 161 8.2 Deploying to an application server 162 Building a WaRfile 162 Creating a production profile Enabling database migration 168 8.3 Pushing to the cloud 173 Deploying to Cloud Foundry 173 Deploying to Heroku 177 8. Summary 180 appendix a spring Boot developer Tools 187 appendix b spring Boot starters 188 appendix c Configuration properties 195 appendix d spring boot dependencies 232 index 243 In the spring of 2014, the Delivery Engineering team at Netflix set out to achieve a lofty goal: enable end-to-end global continuous delivery via a software platform that facilitates both extensibility and resiliency. my team had previously built two different applications attempting to address Netflix's delivery and deployment needs, but both were beginning to show the telltale signs of monolith-ness and neither met the goals of flexibility and resiliency. What's more, the most stymieing effect of these monolithic applications was ultimately that we were unable to keep pace with our partner's inno- vation. Users had begun to move around our tools rather than with them It became apparent that if we wanted to provide real value to the company and rap- idly innovate, we needed to break up the monoliths into small, independent services that could be released at will. Embracing a microservice architecture gave us hope that we could also address the twin goals of flexibility and resiliency. but we needed to do it on a credible foundation where we could count on real concurrency, legitimate moni- toring, reliable and easy service discovery, and great runtime performance With the jVM as our bedrock, we looked for a framework that would give us rapid velocity and steadfast operationalization out of the box. We zeroed in on Spring Boot Spring Boot makes it effortless to create Spring-powered, production-ready ser- vices without a lot of code! Indeed, the fact that a simple Spring Boot Hello World application can fit into a tweet is a radical departure from what the same functionality required on the vm only a few short years ago. Out-of-the-box nonfunctional features like security, metrics, health-checks, embedded servers, and externalized configura tion made boot an easy choice for us FOREWORD Yet, when we embarked on our Spring boot journey solid documentation was hard to come by. Relying on source code isnt the most joyful manner of figuring out how to properly leverage a frameworks features It's not surprising to see the author of mannings venerable Spring in Action take on the challenge of concisely distilling the core aspects of working with Spring Boot into another cogent book. Nor is it surprising that Craig and the Manning crew have done another tremendously wonderful job! Spring Boot in Action is an easily readable book, as weve now come to expect from Craig and manning From chapter Is attention-getting introduction to Boot and the now legend ary 9Oish-character tweetable Boot application to an in-depth analysis of Boots Actuator in chapter 7, which enables a host of auto-magical operational features required for any production application, Spring Boot in Action leaves no stone unturned. Indeed, for me, chapter 7's deep dive into the Actuator answered some of the lingering questions I've had in the back of my head since picking up Boot well over a year ago. Chapter 8s thor- ough examination of deployment options opened my eyes to the simplicity of cloud Foundry for cloud deployments. One of my favorite chapters is chapter 4, where Craig explores the many powerful options for easily testing a Boot application. From the get- o, I was pleasantly surprised with some of Springs testing features, and boot takes g advantage of them nicely As I've publicly stated before, Spring Boot is just the kind of framework the Java community has been seeking for over a decade. Its easy-to-use development features and out-of-the-box operationalization make java development fun again I,m pleased to report that Spring and spring boot are the foundation of Netflix's new continuous delivery platform. What's more, other teams at Netflix are following the same path because they too see the myriad benefits of boot It's with equal parts excitement and passion that I absolutely endorse craigs book as the easy-to-digest and fun-to-read Spring boot documentation the Java community has been waiting for since Boot took the community by storm. Craigs accessible writ- ing style and sweeping analysis of boot's core features and functionality will surely leave readers with a solid grasp of Boot(along with a joyful sense of awe for it) Keep up the great work Craig Manning Publications, and all the brilliant develop ers who have made spring boot what it is today each one of you has ensured a bright future for the JV ANDREW GLOVER MANAGER, DELIVERY ENGINEERING AT NETFLIX preface At the 1964 New York World's Fair, Walt Disney introduced three groundbreaking attractions:"“it' s a small world,”“ Great Moments with mr. Lincoln," and the“ Carouse of Progress " All three of these attractions have since moved into disneyland and walt Disney world, and you can still see them today My favorite of these is the Carousel of Progress. Supposedly, it was one of Walt Disneys favorites too. It's part ride and part stage show where the seating area rotates around a center area featuring four stages. Each stage tells the story of a family at different time periods of the 20th century-the early 1900s, the 1920s the 1940s, and recent times-highlighting the technology advances in that time period The story of innovation is told from a hand-cranked washing machine, to electric lighting and radio, to automatic dishwashers and television, to computers and voice-activated appliances In every act, the father (who is also the narrator of the show)talks about the latest inventions and says "It cant get any better only to discover that in fact, it does get better in the next act as technology progresses Although Spring doesn't have quite as long a history as that displayed in the Car- ousel of Progress, I feel the same way about Spring as"Progress Dad felt about the 20th century. Each and every Spring application seems to make the lives of developers so much better. Just looking at how Spring components are declared and wired together, we can see the following progression over the history of Spring
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