出自《算法精解:C语言描述》,dlist.c没问题,但是在使用的demo上有些问题。
注意:原书有问题就是dlist_remove之后没有free()。
相对而言,redis那种风格的删除节点更好,因为是在函数体内释放节点的,而不是外面。关于二者的比较参考:说透一级指针和二级指以及(void**)&在双链表中的应用
整体来说,这本书中的代码还是很精彩的:/*****************************************************************************
* *
* ------------------------------- dlist.h -------------------------------- *
* *
*****************************************************************************/
#ifndef DLIST_H
#define DLIST_H
#include <stdlib.h>
/*****************************************************************************
* *
* Define a structure for doubly-linked list elements. *
* *
*****************************************************************************/
typedef struct DListElmt_ {
void *data;
struct DListElmt_ *prev;
struct DListElmt_ *next;
} DListElmt;
/*****************************************************************************
* *
* Define a structure for doubly-linked lists. *
* *
*****************************************************************************/
typedef struct DList_ {
int size;
int (*match)(const void *key1, const void *key2);
void (*destroy)(void *data);
DListElmt *head;
DListElmt *tail;
} DList;
/*****************************************************************************
* *
* --------------------------- Public Interface --------------------------- *
* *
*****************************************************************************/
void dlist_init(DList *list, void (*destroy)(void *data));
void dlist_destroy(DList *list);
int dlist_ins_next(DList *list, DListElmt *element, const void *data);
int dlist_ins_prev(DList *list, DListElmt *element, const void *data);
int dlist_remove(DList *list, DListElmt *element, void **data);
#define dlist_size(list) ((list)->size)
#define dlist_head(list) ((list)->head)
#define dlist_tail(list) ((list)->tail)
#define dlist_is_head(element) ((element)->prev == NULL ? 1 : 0)
#define dlist_is_tail(element) ((element)->next == NULL ? 1 : 0)
#define dlist_data(element) ((element)->data)
#define dlist_next(element) ((element)->next)
#define dlist_prev(element) ((element)->prev)
#endif
/*****************************************************************************
* *
* ------------------------------- dlist.c -------------------------------- *
* *
*****************************************************************************/
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include "dlist.h"
/*****************************************************************************
* *
* ------------------------------ dlist_init ------------------------------ *
* *
*****************************************************************************/
void dlist_init(DList *list, void (*destroy)(void *data)) {
/*****************************************************************************
* *
* Initialize the list. *
* *
*****************************************************************************/
list->size = 0;
list->destroy = destroy;
list->head = NULL;
list->tail = NULL;
return;
}
/*****************************************************************************
* *
* ---------------------------- dlist_destroy ----------------------------- *
* *
*****************************************************************************/
void dlist_destroy(DList *list) {
void *data;
/*****************************************************************************
* *
* Remove each element. *
* *
*****************************************************************************/
while (dlist_size(list) > 0) {
if (dlist_remove(list, dlist_tail(list), (void **)&data) == 0 && list->
destroy != NULL) {
/***********************************************************************
* *
* Call a user-defined function to free dynamically allocated data. *
* *
***********************************************************************/
list->destroy(data);
}
}
/*****************************************************************************
* *
* No operations are allowed now, but clear the structure as a precaution. *
* *
*****************************************************************************/
memset(list, 0, sizeof(DList));
return;
}
/*****************************************************************************
* *
* ---------------------------- dlist_ins_next ---------------------------- *
* *
*****************************************************************************/
int dlist_ins_next(DList *list, DListElmt *element, const void *data) {
DListElmt *new_element;
/*****************************************************************************
* *
* Do not allow a NULL element unless the list is empty. *
* *
*****************************************************************************/
if (element == NULL && dlist_size(list) != 0)
return -1;
/*****************************************************************************
* *
* Allocate storage for the element. *
* *
*****************************************************************************/
if ((new_element = (DListElmt *)malloc(sizeof(DListElmt))) == NULL)
return -1;
/*****************************************************************************
* *
* Insert the new element into the list. *
* *
*****************************************************************************/
new_element->data = (void *)data;
if (dlist_size(list) == 0) {
/**************************************************************************
* *
* Handle insertion when the list is empty. *
* *
**************************************************************************/
list->head = new_element;
list->head->prev = NULL;
list->head->next = NULL;
list->tail = new_element;
}
else {
/**************************************************************************
* *
* Handle insertion when the list is not empty. *
* *
**************************************************************************/
new_element->next = element->next;
new_element->prev = element;
if (element->next == NULL)
list->tail = new_element;
else
element->next->prev = new_element;
element->next = new_element;
}
/*****************************************************************************
* *
* Adjust the size of the list to account for the inserted element. *
* *
*****************************************************************************/
list->size++;
return 0;
}
/*****************************************************************************
* *
* ---------------------------- dlist_ins_prev ---------------------------- *
* *
*****************************************************************************/
int dlist_ins_prev(DList *list, DListElmt *element, const void *data) {
DListElmt *new_element;
/*****************************************************************************
* *
* Do not allow a NULL element unless the list is empty. *
* *
*****************************************************************************/
if (element == NULL && dlist_size(list) != 0)
return -1;
/*****************************************************************************
* *
* Allocate storage to be managed by the abstract data type. *
* *
*****************************************************************************/
if ((new_element = (DListElmt *)malloc(sizeof(DListElmt))) == NULL)
return -1;
/*****************************************************************************
* *
* Insert the new element into the list. *
* *
*****************************************************************************/
new_element->data = (void *)data;
if (dlist_size(list) == 0) {
/**************************************************************************
* *
* Handle insertion when the list is empty. *
* *
**************************************************************************/
list->head = new_element;
list->head->prev = NULL;
list->head->next = NULL;
list->tail = new_element;
}
else {
/**************************************************************************
* *
* Handle insertion when the list is not empty. *
* *
**************************************************************************/
new_element->next = element;
new_element->prev = element->prev;
if (element->prev == NULL)
list->head = new_element;
else
element->prev->next = new_element;
element->prev = new_element;
}
/*****************************************************************************
* *
* Adjust the size of the list to account for the new element. *
* *
*****************************************************************************/
list->size++;
return 0;
}
/*****************************************************************************
* *
* ----------------------------- dlist_remove ----------------------------- *
* *
*****************************************************************************/
int dlist_remove(DList *list, DListElmt *element, void **data) {
/*****************************************************************************
* *
* Do not allow a NULL element or removal from an empty list. *
* *
*****************************************************************************/
if (element == NULL || dlist_size(list) == 0)
return -1;
/*****************************************************************************
* *
* Remove the element from the list. *
* *
*****************************************************************************/
*data = element->data;
if (element == list->head) {
/**************************************************************************
* *
* Handle removal from the head of the list. *
* *
**************************************************************************/
list->head = element->next;
if (list->head == NULL)
list->tail = NULL;
else
element->next->prev = NULL;
}
else {
/**************************************************************************
* *
* Handle removal from other than the head of the list. *
* *
**************************************************************************/
element->prev->next = element->next;
if (element->next == NULL)
list->tail = element->prev;
else
element->next->prev = element->prev;
}
/*****************************************************************************
* *
* Free the storage allocated by the abstract data type. *
* *
*****************************************************************************/
free(element);
/*****************************************************************************
* *
* Adjust the size of the list to account for the removed element. *
* *
*****************************************************************************/
list->size--;
return 0;
}
/*****************************************************************************
* *
* ex-1.c *
* ====== *
* *
* Description: Illustrates using a doubly-linked list (see Chapter 5). *
* *
*****************************************************************************/
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include "dlist.h"
/*****************************************************************************
* *
* ------------------------------ print_list ------------------------------ *
* *
*****************************************************************************/
void print_list(const DList *list) {
DListElmt *element;
int *data,
i;
/*****************************************************************************
* *
* Display the doubly-linked list. *
* *
*****************************************************************************/
fprintf(stdout, "List size is %d\n", dlist_size(list));
i = 0;
element = dlist_head(list);
while (1) {
data = dlist_data(element);
fprintf(stdout, "list[%03d]=%03d\n", i, *data);
i++;
if (dlist_is_tail(element))
break;
else
element = dlist_next(element);
}
return;
}
/*****************************************************************************
* *
* --------------------------------- main --------------------------------- *
* *
*****************************************************************************/
int main(int argc, char **argv) {
DList list;
DListElmt *element;
int *data,
i;
/*****************************************************************************
* *
* Initialize the doubly-linked list. *
* *
*****************************************************************************/
dlist_init(&list, free);
/*****************************************************************************
* *
* Perform some doubly-linked list operations. *
* *
*****************************************************************************/
element = dlist_head(&list);
for (i = 10; i > 0; i--) {
if ((data = (int *)malloc(sizeof(int))) == NULL)
return 1;
*data = i;
if (dlist_ins_prev(&list, dlist_head(&list), data) != 0)
return 1;
}
print_list(&list);
element = dlist_head(&list);
for (i = 0; i < 8; i++)
element = dlist_next(element);
data = dlist_data(element);
fprintf(stdout, "Removing an element after the one containing %03d\n", *data);
if (dlist_remove(&list, element, (void **)&data) != 0)
return 1;
print_list(&list);
fprintf(stdout, "Inserting 011 at the tail of the list\n");
*data = 11;
if (dlist_ins_next(&list, dlist_tail(&list), data) != 0)
return 1;
print_list(&list);
fprintf(stdout, "Removing an element at the tail of the list\n");
element = dlist_tail(&list);
if (dlist_remove(&list, element, (void **)&data) != 0)
return 1;
print_list(&list);
fprintf(stdout, "Inserting 012 just before the tail of the list\n");
*data = 12;
if (dlist_ins_prev(&list, dlist_tail(&list), data) != 0)
return 1;
print_list(&list);
fprintf(stdout, "Iterating and removing the fourth element\n");
element = dlist_head(&list);
element = dlist_next(element);
element = dlist_prev(element);
element = dlist_next(element);
element = dlist_prev(element);
element = dlist_next(element);
element = dlist_next(element);
element = dlist_next(element);
if (dlist_remove(&list, element, (void **)&data) != 0)
return 1;
print_list(&list);
fprintf(stdout, "Inserting 013 before the first element\n");
*data = 13;
if (dlist_ins_prev(&list, dlist_head(&list), data) != 0)
return 1;
print_list(&list);
fprintf(stdout, "Removing an element at the head of the list\n");
if (dlist_remove(&list, dlist_head(&list), (void **)&data) != 0)
return 1;
print_list(&list);
fprintf(stdout, "Inserting 014 just after the head of the list\n");
*data = 14;
if (dlist_ins_next(&list, dlist_head(&list), data) != 0)
return 1;
print_list(&list);
fprintf(stdout, "Inserting 015 two elements after the head of the list\n");
if ((data = (int *)malloc(sizeof(int))) == NULL)
return 1;
*data = 15;
element = dlist_head(&list);
element = dlist_next(element);
if (dlist_ins_next(&list, element, data) != 0)
return 1;
print_list(&list);
i = dlist_is_head(dlist_head(&list));
fprintf(stdout, "Testing dlist_is_head...Value=%d (1=OK)\n", i);
i = dlist_is_head(dlist_tail(&list));
fprintf(stdout, "Testing dlist_is_head...Value=%d (0=OK)\n", i);
i = dlist_is_tail(dlist_tail(&list));
fprintf(stdout, "Testing dlist_is_tail...Value=%d (1=OK)\n", i);
i = dlist_is_tail(dlist_head(&list));
fprintf(stdout, "Testing dlist_is_tail...Value=%d (0=OK)\n", i);
/*****************************************************************************
* *
* Destroy the doubly-linked list. *
* *
*****************************************************************************/
fprintf(stdout, "Destroying the list\n");
dlist_destroy(&list);
return 0;
}
实现流程
下面是一个网友写的demo,修正了原demo中remove后没有free的问题,可以参考:
/*
* filename:main.c
* author:zhm
* date:2012-12-08
*/
#include<stdio.h>
#include<stdlib.h>
#include<string.h>
#include "dlist.h"
typedef struct Cuboid_
{
int length;
int width;
int height;
}Cuboid;
Cuboid *cube_instance(const int length, const int width, const int height)
{
Cuboid *cb_ptr;
cb_ptr = (Cuboid *)malloc(sizeof(Cuboid));
if( cb_ptr == NULL )
return NULL;
cb_ptr->length = length;
cb_ptr->width = width;
cb_ptr->height = height;
return cb_ptr;
}
/*destroy */
void destroy(void *data)
{
free(data);
return;
}
/* main */
int main(int argc, char **argv)
{
int i;
DList dlist_exp;
DListElmt *p = NULL;
Cuboid *cb1_ptr, *cb2_ptr, *cb3_ptr, *cb4_ptr, *cb5_ptr;
Cuboid *cb_ptr;
//cb1_ptr ~ cb5_ptr are the data of the 5 elements.
cb1_ptr = cube_instance(1,2,3);
cb2_ptr = cube_instance(6,10,8);
cb3_ptr = cube_instance(5,20,30);
cb4_ptr = cube_instance(17,100,25);
cb5_ptr = cube_instance(3,6,9);
//init the double linked list.
dlist_init(&dlist_exp, destroy);
//insert the 5 elements into the dlist
dlist_ins_next(&dlist_exp, NULL, (void *)cb1_ptr ); //insert data:cb1
p = dlist_head(&dlist_exp); //get the address of the first element
dlist_ins_next(&dlist_exp, p , (void *)cb2_ptr ); //insert data:cb2 cb1- cb2
p = dlist_next(p); //pointer to the element containing the data cb2.
dlist_ins_prev(&dlist_exp, p, (void *)cb3_ptr ); //insert data:cb3 cb1- cb3- cb2
dlist_ins_prev(&dlist_exp, p, (void *)cb4_ptr ); //insert data:cb4 cb1- cb3- cb4- cb2
p = dlist_prev(p); //pointer to the element conatining the data cb4.
dlist_ins_prev(&dlist_exp, p, (void *)cb5_ptr ); //insert data:cb5 cb1- cb3- cb5- cb4- cb2
//now the sequence is: head->cb1->cb3->cb5->cb4->cb2
printf("traverse and print:\n");
p = dlist_head(&dlist_exp); //get the head element;
for( i = 0; i < dlist_size(&dlist_exp); i++ )
{
cb_ptr = (Cuboid *)dlist_data(p); //get the element's data, every data is a Cuboid's pointer.
printf("i = %d: ",i);
printf("length = %d, width = %d, height = %d\n",
cb_ptr->length,
cb_ptr->width,
cb_ptr->height);
p = dlist_next(p); //pointer to next element;
}
//we'll remove the third element:that's containing the data of cb5(3,6,9)
p = dlist_head(&dlist_exp);
p = dlist_next(p);
p = dlist_next(p);
dlist_remove(&dlist_exp, p, (void **)&cb_ptr);
printf("the data of the third element: length = %d, width = %d, height = %d\n",
cb_ptr->length,
cb_ptr->width,
cb_ptr->height);
destroy(cb_ptr); //free the memory
//now we'll show you the remained elements,the sequence is :(head)cb1->cb3->cb4->cb2(tail)
printf("after remove the third elements:\n");
p = dlist_head(&dlist_exp);
for(i = 0; i < dlist_size(&dlist_exp); i++ )
{
cb_ptr = (Cuboid *)dlist_data(p);
printf("i = %d: ",i);
printf("length = %d, width = %d, height = %d\n",
cb_ptr->length,
cb_ptr->width,
cb_ptr->height);
p = dlist_next(p);
}
//destroy the double linked list
dlist_destroy(&dlist_exp);
printf("after destroy the list,its size = %d\n", dlist_size(&dlist_exp));
return 0;
}