在之前的一篇关于Decorator模式的Post中,曾经提到了动态代理(Dynamic Proxy)简化了Decorator模式的实现。作为例子的代码很容易理解,但这个简化的背后仍包含着很多值得去发掘的内容。
首先我们来明确一下动态代理的定义:一个动态代理类在运行期implements一组interface,使得interface实现类的方法调用被分派至其他的类(另外的interface实现类或者任意的类)的方法。讲得更通俗一些,要了解动态代理,我们就要知道什么东西动态了,代理了什么?首先,一个Proxy代理了一组interface的方法。注意,代理的是interface,而不是Class,也不是abstract Class;其次,Proxy具有的型别由绑定的interface所决定的,动态就体现在此。也许看着这样的定义,还是会一头雾水,那么我们画幅图来看看吧。
从图中,我们可以看到Dynamic Proxy并没有实现Resource这个接口,但是包含了Resource接口实现类的实例;在Dynamic Proxy的create方法中,通过调用Proxy.newProxyInstance创建一个Proxy,并将该Proxy与Resource接口绑定,最后将Proxy显式类型转换成Resource接口类型并返回,这样调用者就可以通过Proxy调用interface定义的方法了;由于Proxy与Resource接口绑定了,对Resource接口的方法调用,都会交由Proxy的invoke方法去处理。而invoke方法会根据不同的方法,或给以全新的实现,或直接将方法调用交给Proxy中包含的Resource接口实现类的实例去处理。综合上面所说的,作为一个Dynamic Proxy,它必须满足以下三个条件:
1、实现了InvocationHandler接口,实现接口中定义的invoke方法;
2、包含接口实现类的实例;
3、通过Proxy.newProxyInstance方法实现Proxy与接口之间的绑定。
以下代码给出了一个简单的Dynamic Proxy实现:
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this.resource = new ConcreteResource();
return (Resource) Proxy.newProxyInstance
(resource.getClass().getClassLoader(), resource.getClass().getInterfaces(), this);
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