python——re模块：元字符之. ^ $ * + ? {}

元字符：
. ：通配符，除了换行符（\n）以外都可以匹配
^ ：必须在字符串的开头匹配
$ ：必须在字符串的结尾匹配
* ：按紧挨着的字符去重复，包含(0,+00)，*前面的字符，在后面的字符串中就算没有也能匹配
+ ：按紧挨着的字符去重复，包含(1,+00)，+前面的字符，在后面的字符串中至少要有一个才能匹配，*和+都是贪婪匹配，因为都是到+00，所以后面有多少都会匹配出来
? ：按紧挨着的字符去重复，包含(0,1)
{} ：{0,}==*  {1,}==+  {0,1}==?
注意：前面的*,+,?等都是贪婪匹配，也就是尽可能匹配，后面加?使其变成惰性匹配

>>> import re
>>> re.findall("a..x","adsfaeyxsklg")
['aeyx']
>>> re.findall("a...x","adsfaeyxsklg")
[]
>>> re.findall("^a..x","adsfaeyxsklg")
[]
>>> re.findall("^a..x","adsxaeyxsklg")
['adsx']
>>> re.findall("a..x$","adsxaeyxsklg")
[]
>>> re.findall("a..x$","adsxaeyxsklgarrx")
['arrx']
>>> re.findall("a..x$","adsxaeyxsklgarrx$")
[]
>>> re.findall("d*","sfdgsdfdddddddddhfjlkjsfd")
['', '', 'd', '', '', 'd', '', 'ddddddddd', '', '', '', '', '', '', '', '', 'd', '']
>>> re.findall("^d*","dddddddlksdfgjdddddd")
['ddddddd']
>>> re.findall("alex*","asdhfalexxx")
['alexxx']
>>> re.findall("alex+","asdhfalexxx")
['alexxx']
>>> re.findall("alex*","asdhfale")
['ale']
>>> re.findall("alex+","asdhfale")
[]
>>> re.findall("alex?","asdhfalexxx")
['alex']
>>> re.findall("alex?","asdhfale")
['ale']
>>> re.findall("alex{6}","asdhfalexx")
[]
>>> re.findall("alex{6}","asdhfalexxxxxx")
['alexxxxxx']
>>> re.findall("alex{0,6}","asdhfalexx")
['alexx']
>>> re.findall("alex{0,1}","asdhfalexx")
['alex']
>>> re.findall("alex*?","asdhfalexxxxxx")
['ale']
>>> re.findall("alex+?","asdhfalexxxxxx")
['alex']