java多线程通信

java多线程之间通信有两种方式：

• Object提供的wait()和notify() (notifyAll())
• jdk提供的Condition来实现

1、Object提供wait()和notify()

线程通信过程中调用Object的wait()和notify()时，需要获取Object对应的对象锁，因为在调用wait()时需要释放锁

public class MultiThreadComm {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        MultiThreadComm comm = new MultiThreadComm();
        comm.multiThreadCommunication();
    }

    public void multiThreadCommunication() {
        final Object obj = new Object();
        new Thread(new Runnable() {
            @Override
            public void run() {
                synchronized (obj) {
                    try {
                        System.out.println("1");
                        obj.wait();
                        System.out.println("3");
                    } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                        System.out.println("error");
                    }
                }
            }
        }).start();

        new Thread(new Runnable() {
            @Override
            public void run() {
                synchronized (obj) {
                    System.out.println("2");
                    obj.notify();
                }
            }
        }).start();
    }
}

运行结果

1
2
3

2、jdk提供的Condition

在Condition中的相关方法和Object的方法对应关系：
1、object.wait()和condition.await()
2、object.notify()和condition.signal()
3、object.notifyAll()和condition.signalAll()

public class MultiThreadComm {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        MultiThreadComm comm = new MultiThreadComm();
        comm.multiThreadCommunication();
    }

    public void multiThreadCommunication() {
        final Lock lock = new ReentrantLock();
        final Condition condition = lock.newCondition();
        new Thread(new Runnable() {
            @Override
            public void run() {
                try {
                    lock.lock();
                    condition.await();
                    System.out.println("2");
                } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                    System.out.println("error");
                } finally {
                    lock.unlock();
                }
            }
        }).start();

        new Thread(new Runnable() {
            @Override
            public void run() {
                lock.lock();
                System.out.println("1");
                condition.signal();
                lock.unlock();
            }
        }).start();
    }
}

运行结果

1
2

3、一道面试题

有三个线程名字分别为A、B和C，打印线程名ABBCCCAAAABBBBBCCCCCC……..直到200个字符为止

package uttp;

import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicInteger;
import java.util.concurrent.locks.Condition;
import java.util.concurrent.locks.ReentrantLock;

/**
 * @Author hzzhangyehui
 * @Date 2017/2/16 20:17
 */
public class MultiThread {


    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        MultiThread multiThread = new MultiThread();
        multiThread.printThreadName();
    }

    public void printThreadName() throws Exception {
        final ReentrantLock lock = new ReentrantLock();
        final Condition c1 = lock.newCondition(), c2 = lock.newCondition(), c3 = lock.newCondition();
        final AtomicInteger count = new AtomicInteger(1);
        final AtomicInteger sum = new AtomicInteger(0);
        new Thread(new Runnable() {
            @Override
            public void run() {
                try {
                    lock.lock();
                    while (sum.get() <= 200) {
                        c1.await();
                        for (int i = 0; i < count.get() && sum.get() < 200; ++i) {
                            sum.getAndIncrement();
                            System.out.print(Thread.currentThread().getName());
                        }
                        count.getAndIncrement();
                        c2.signal();
                    }
                } catch (Exception e) {
                    System.out.println("error");
                } finally {
                    lock.unlock();
                }
            }
        }, "A").start();

        new Thread(new Runnable() {
            @Override
            public void run() {
                try {
                    lock.lock();
                    while (sum.get() <= 200) {
                        c2.await();
                        for (int i = 0; i < count.get() && sum.get() < 200; ++i) {
                            sum.getAndIncrement();
                            System.out.print(Thread.currentThread().getName());
                        }
                        count.getAndIncrement();
                        c3.signal();
                    }
                } catch (Exception e) {
                    System.out.println("error1");
                } finally {
                    lock.unlock();
                }
            }
        }, "B").start();

        new Thread(new Runnable() {
            @Override
            public void run() {
                try {
                    lock.lock();
                    while (sum.get() <= 200) {
                        c1.signal();
                        c3.await();
                        for (int i = 0; i < count.get() && sum.get() < 200; ++i) {
                            sum.getAndIncrement();
                            System.out.print(Thread.currentThread().getName());
                        }
                        count.getAndIncrement();
                    }
                } catch (Exception e) {
                    System.out.println("error2");
                } finally {
                    lock.unlock();
                }
            }
        }, "C").start();
    }
}