一、初始化
1.类的初始化顺序
先看例子,后面说明结论:
class Window{
public Window(int marker){
System.out.println("Window " + marker);
}
}
class House{
Window w1 = new Window(1);
public House(){
System.out.println("House()");
w3 = new Window(33);
}
Window w2 = new Window(2);
Window w3 = new Window(3);
public static void main(){
House h = new House();
}
}
执行结果是什么?
答案:
Window 1
Window 2
Window 3
House()
Window 33
结论:先进行类成员的初始化,之后调用构造函数。即使成员变量的定义分布在各个方法之间。
2.静态成员的初始化
例子:
class Bowl{
public Bowl(int marker){
System.out.println("Bowl " + marker);
}
}
class Table{
static Bowl bowl1 = new Bowl(1);
public Table(){
System.out.println("Table()");
}
static Bowl bow2 = new Bowl(2);
}
class Cupboard{
Bowl bowl3 = new Bowl(3);
static Bowl bowl4 = new Bowl(4);
public Cupboard(){
System.out.println("Cupboard()");
}
static Bowl bowl5 = new Bowl(5);
}
class StaticInitTest{
public static void main(String[] args){
System.out.println("Cupboard() running in main");
new Cupboard();
}
static Table table = new Table();
static Cupboard cupboard = new Cupboard();
}
执行结果是什么?
答案:
Bowl 1
Bowl 2
Table()
Bowl 4
Bowl 5
Bowl 3
Cupboard()
Cupboard() running in main
Bowl 3
Cupboard()
结论:静态代码仅执行一次,当首次生成这个类对象或者首次访问这个类的静态数据时(即第一次在代码中使用这个类)。先执行静态代码,再执行类的其他代码。
二、访问权限
1.权限大小顺序:public > protected > default > private