【JAVA】Excel 添加水印工具类

        工作中经常会用到为Excel添加水印的需求，如：为Excel添加水印可以标识文档的所有权，防止他人未经授权复制、传播或盗用表格内容。也可作为品牌标识（如公司Logo）或状态标注（如“草稿”“终版”），提升表格的正式感，同时便于内部版本管理‌。部分行业（如法律、金融）对文件保密性有严格要求，水印还可作为合规性保护措施，证明文档的合法性和安全性‌。然而Excel本身不直接支持水印功能，但通过以下方式间接实现：将半透明文字或图片覆盖在表格上，不影响数据编辑但打印时可见‌。

具体实现如下：

package myTools;
import org.apache.poi.ss.usermodel.*;
import org.apache.poi.xssf.usermodel.XSSFWorkbook;
import javax.imageio.ImageIO;
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.Color;
import java.awt.Font;
import java.awt.image.BufferedImage;
import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;
import java.io.FileOutputStream;

/**
 * Excel 设置水印工具类
 */
public class ExcelWatermark {
    /**
     * 为Excel 添加水印
     * @param workbook
     * @param sheet
     * @param text1 水印内容
     */
    public static void setWatermarkImage(Workbook workbook, Sheet sheet, String text) {
        try {
            BufferedImage watermarkImage = createWatermarkImage(text);
            ByteArrayOutputStream baos = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
            ImageIO.write(watermarkImage, "png", baos);
            byte[] watermarkBytes = baos.toByteArray();
            // 将水印图片添加到工作簿中
            int pictureIdx = workbook.addPicture(watermarkBytes, Workbook.PICTURE_TYPE_PNG);
            CreationHelper helper = workbook.getCreationHelper();
            Drawing drawing = sheet.createDrawingPatriarch();
            //设置水印位置
            ClientAnchor anchor = helper.createClientAnchor();
            anchor.setCol1(5);
            anchor.setRow1(15);
            anchor.setCol2(8);
            anchor.setRow2(18);
            Picture pict = drawing.createPicture(anchor, pictureIdx);
            pict.resize();
        }catch (Exception e){
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }

    /**
     * 创建水印图片
     * @param text1
     * @param text2
     * @return
     */
    private static BufferedImage createWatermarkImage(String text) {
        String[] textArray = text.split("\n");
        Font font = new Font("microsoft-yahei", Font.PLAIN, 36);
        Integer width = 600;
        Integer height = 300;

        BufferedImage image = new BufferedImage(width, height, BufferedImage.TYPE_INT_ARGB);
        // 背景透明 开始
        Graphics2D g = image.createGraphics();
        g.setComposite(AlphaComposite.Clear);
        // 背景透明 结束
        g.setColor(java.awt.Color.white);
        g.fillRect(0, 0, width , height);
        g.setComposite(AlphaComposite.SrcOver);
        //0.0f：完全透明；1.0f: 不透明
        g.setComposite(AlphaComposite.getInstance(AlphaComposite.SRC_OVER, 0.2f)); 
        g.setColor(Color.RED);
        // 设置画笔字体
        g.setFont(font);
        // 设定倾斜角度
        g.shear(0.1, -0.2);
        // 设置字体平滑
        g.setRenderingHint(RenderingHints.KEY_ANTIALIASING, RenderingHints.VALUE_ANTIALIAS_ON);

        int y = 180;
        for (int i = 0; i < textArray.length; i++) {
            g.drawString(textArray[i], 0, y);// 画出字符串
            y = y + font.getSize();
        }
        g.dispose();// 释放画笔
        return image;
    }
    
    //测试
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        try {
            Workbook workbook = new XSSFWorkbook();
            Sheet sheet = workbook.createSheet("Sheet1");
            setWatermarkImage(workbook,sheet,"测试水印");
            // 添加一些数据
            Row row = sheet.createRow(0);
            Cell cell = row.createCell(0);
            cell.setCellValue("示例数据");

            // 保存文件
            FileOutputStream fileOut = new FileOutputStream("e://example.xls");
            workbook.write(fileOut);
            fileOut.close();
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
}