Spring Cloud(二)

Hystrix 容错机制

在不改变各个微服务调用关系的前提下，针对错误情况进行预先处理。

• 设计原则

1、服务隔离机制

2、服务降级机制

3、熔断机制

4、提供实时的监控和报警功能

5、提供实时的配置修改功能

Hystrix 数据监控需要结合 Spring Boot Actuator 来使用，Actuator 提供了对服务的健康健康、数据统计，可以通过 hystrix.stream 节点获取监控的请求数据，提供了可视化的监控界面。

• 创建 Maven，pom.xml

<dependencies>
  <dependency>
    <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-client</artifactId>
    <version>2.0.2.RELEASE</version>
  </dependency>
  <dependency>
    <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-openfeign</artifactId>
    <version>2.0.2.RELEASE</version>
  </dependency>
  <dependency>
    <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-actuator</artifactId>
    <version>2.0.7.RELEASE</version>
  </dependency>
  <dependency>
    <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-hystrix</artifactId>
    <version>2.0.2.RELEASE</version>
  </dependency>
  <dependency>
    <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-hystrix-dashboard</artifactId>
    <version>2.0.2.RELEASE</version>
  </dependency>
</dependencies>

• 创建配置文件 application.yml

server:
  port: 8060
spring:
  application:
    name: hystrix
eureka:
  client:
    service-url:
      defaultZone: http://localhost:8761/eureka/
  instance:
    prefer-ip-address: true
feign:
  hystrix:
    enabled: true
management:
  endpoints:
    web:
      exposure:
        # 通过该节点获取监控
        include: 'hystrix.stream'

• 创建启动类

package com.northwind;

import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.cloud.client.circuitbreaker.EnableCircuitBreaker;
import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.hystrix.dashboard.EnableHystrixDashboard;
import org.springframework.cloud.openfeign.EnableFeignClients;

@SpringBootApplication
@EnableFeignClients
@EnableCircuitBreaker
@EnableHystrixDashboard
public class HystrixApplication {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(HystrixApplication.class,args);
    }
}

注解说明：

@EnableCircuitBreaker：声明启用数据监控

@EnableHystrixDashboard：声明启用可视化数据监控

• controller

package com.northwind.controller;


import com.northwind.entity.Student;
import com.northwind.feign.FeignProviderClient;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;

import java.util.Collection;

@RestController
@RequestMapping("/hystrix")
public class HystrixController {

    @Autowired    //需要接口
    private FeignProviderClient feignProviderClient;

    @GetMapping("/findAll")
    public Collection<Student> findAll(){
        return feignProviderClient.findAll();
    }
    @GetMapping("/index")
    public String index(){
        return feignProviderClient.index();
    }
}

• 启动成功之后，访问 http://localhost:8060/actuator/hystrix.stream 可以监控到请求数据，

• 访问 http://localhost:8060/hystrix，可以看到可视化的监控界面，输入要监控的地址节点即可看到该节点的可视化数据监控。

 

========================================================================

Spring Cloud 配置中心 server

Spring Cloud Config，通过服务端可以为多个客户端提供配置服务。Spring Cloud Config 可以将配置文件存储在本地，也可以将配置文件存储在远程 Git 仓库，创建 Config Server，通过它管理所有的配置文件。

本地文件系统

• 创建 Maven 工程，pom.xml

<dependencies>
  <dependency>
    <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-cloud-config-server</artifactId>
    <version>2.0.2.RELEASE</version>
  </dependency>
</dependencies>

• 创建 application.yml(包含读取配置的地址)

server:
  port: 8762
spring:
  application:
    name: nativeconfigserver
  profiles:
    active: native
  cloud:
    config:
      server:
        native:
          search-locations: classpath:/shared

注解说明

profiles.active：配置文件的获取方式（本地）

cloud.config.server.native.search-locations：本地配置文件存放的路径

• resources 路径下创建 shared 文件夹，并在此路径下创建 configclient-dev.yml。

server:
  port: 8070
foo: foo version 1

• 创建启动类

package com.northwind;

import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.cloud.config.server.EnableConfigServer;

@SpringBootApplication
@EnableConfigServer
public class NativeConfigServerApplication {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(NativeConfigServerApplication.class,args);
    }
}

注解说明

@EnableConfigServer：声明配置中心。

==========================================================

创建客户端读取本地配置中心的配置文件

• 创建 Maven 工程，pom.xml

<dependencies>
  <dependency>
    <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-config</artifactId>
    <version>2.0.2.RELEASE</version>
  </dependency>
</dependencies>

•  创建 bootstrap.yml，配置读取本地配置中心的相关信息。

spring:
  application:
    name: configclient
  profiles:
    active: dev
  cloud:
    config:
      uri: http://localhost:8762
      fail-fast: true

注解说明

cloud.config.uri：本地 Config Server 的访问路径

cloud.config.fail-fase：设置客户端优先判断 Config Server 获取是否正常。

通过spring.application.name 结合spring.profiles.active拼接目标配置文件名，configclient-dev.yml，去 Config Server 中查找该文件。

• 创建启动类

package com.northwind;


import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;

@SpringBootApplication
public class NativeConfigClientApplication {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(NativeConfigClientApplication.class,args);
    }
}

• controller

package com.northwind.controller;


import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;

@RestController
@RequestMapping("/native")
public class NativeConfigController {

    @Value("${server.port}")
    private String port;

    @Value("${foo}")
    private String foo;

    @GetMapping("/index")
    public String index(){
        return this.port+"-"+this.foo;
    }
}

 先打开注册中心，再启动nativeconfigserver，再启动nativeconfigclient

configclient-dev.yml中的8070端口，作为nativeconfigclient的端口。

configserver用于管理配置文件。

=============================================================================================

Spring Cloud Config 远程配置

• 创建配置文件，上传至 GitHub

server:
  port: 8070
eureka:
  client:
    serviceUrl:
      defaultZone: http://localhost:8761/eureka/
spring:
  application:
    name: configclient

• 创建 Config Server，新建 Maven 工程，pom.xml

<dependencies>
  <dependency>
    <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-cloud-config-server</artifactId>
    <version>2.0.2.RELEASE</version>
  </dependency>
</dependencies>

• 创建配置文件 application.yml (连接github，包含读取配置的地址)

server:
  port: 8888
spring:
  application:
    name: configserver
  cloud:
    config:
      server:
        git:
          uri: https://github.com:shi-gan/aispringcloud.git
          searchPaths: config
          username: root
          password: root
      label: master
eureka:
  client:
    serviceUrl:
      defaultZone: http://localhost:8761/eureka/

• 创建启动类

package com.northwind;

import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.cloud.config.server.EnableConfigServer;

@SpringBootApplication
@EnableConfigServer
public class ConfigServerApplication {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(ConfigServerApplication.class,args);
    }
}

远程配置完成。

========================================================================================

创建 Config Client

• 创建 Maven 工程，pom.xml

<dependencies>
  <dependency>
    <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-config</artifactId>
    <version>2.0.2.RELEASE</version>
  </dependency>

  <dependency>
    <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-client</artifactId>
    <version>2.0.2.RELEASE</version>
  </dependency>
</dependencies>

• 创建 bootstrap.yml

spring:
  cloud:
    config:
      name: configclient
      label: master
      discovery:
        enabled: true
        service-id: configserver
eureka:
  client:
    service-url:
      defaultZone: http://localhost:8761/eureka/

注解说明

spring.cloud.config.name：当前服务注册在 Eureka Server 上的名称，与远程仓库的配置文件名对应。

spring.cloud.config.label：Git Repository 的分支。

spring.cloud.config.discovery.enabled：是否开启 Config 服务发现支持。

spring.cloud.config.discovery.service-id：配置中心在 Eureka Server 上注册的名称。

• 创建启动类

package com.northwind;

import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;

@SpringBootApplication
public class ConfigClientApplication {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(ConfigClientApplication.class,args);
    }
}

• controller

package com.northwind.controller;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;

@RestController
@RequestMapping("/hello")
public class HelloController {

    @Value("${server.port}")
    private String port;

    @GetMapping("/index")
    public String index(){
        return this.port;
    }
}

依次启动注册中心，启动ConfigServer,和ConfigClient。

服务跟踪

Spring Cloud Zipkin

Zipkin 是一个可以采集并且跟踪分布式系统中请求数据的组件，让开发者可以更加直观的监控到请求在各个微服务所耗费的时间等，Zipkin：Zipkin Server、Zipkin Client。

创建 Zipkin Server

• 创建 Maven 工程，pom.xml

    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>io.zipkin.java</groupId>
            <artifactId>zipkin-server</artifactId>
            <version>2.9.4</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>io.zipkin.java</groupId>
            <artifactId>zipkin-autoconfigure-ui</artifactId>
            <version>2.9.4</version>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>

• 创建配置文件 application.yml

server:
  port: 9090

• 创建启动类

package com.northwind;

import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import zipkin.server.internal.EnableZipkinServer;

@SpringBootApplication
@EnableZipkinServer
public class ZipkinApplication {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(ZipkinApplication.class,args);
    }
}

注解说明

@EnableZipkinServer：声明启动 Zipkin Server

创建 Zipkin Client

• 创建 Maven 工程，pom.xml

<dependencies>
  <dependency>
    <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-zipkin</artifactId>
    <version>2.0.2.RELEASE</version>
  </dependency>
</dependencies>

• 创建配置文件 application.yml

server:
  port: 8090
spring:
  application:
    name: zipkinclient
  sleuth:
    web:
      client:
        enabled: true
    sampler:
      probability: 1.0
  zipkin:
    base-url: http://localhost:9090/
eureka:
  client:
    service-url:
      defaultZone: http://localhost:8761/eureka/

属性说明

spring.sleuth.web.client.enabled：设置开启请求跟踪

spring.sleuth.sampler.probability：设置采样比例，默认是 1.0

srping.zipkin.base-url：Zipkin Server 地址

• 创建启动类

package com.northwind;

import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;

@SpringBootApplication
public class ZipkinClientApplication {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(ZipkinClientApplication.class,args);
    }
}

• controller

package com.northwind.controller;

import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;

@RestController
@RequestMapping("/zipkin")
public class ZipkinHandler {

    @Value("${server.port}")
    private String port;

    @GetMapping("/index")
    public String index(){
        return this.port;
    }
}

像上面一样，有一次请求，可以被监控到（localhost:9090/zipkin/刷新后显示）。

会显示请求时间等数据。