临时内核映射
临时内核映射和永久内核映射相比,其最大的特点就是不会阻塞请求映射页框的进程,因此临时内核映射请求可以发生在中断和可延迟函数中。系统中的每个CPU都有自己的临时内核映射窗口,根据不同的需求,选择不同的窗口来创建映射,这些窗口都以枚举类型定义在km_type中
enum km_type {
KMAP_D(0) KM_BOUNCE_READ,
KMAP_D(1) KM_SKB_SUNRPC_DATA,
KMAP_D(2) KM_SKB_DATA_SOFTIRQ,
KMAP_D(3) KM_USER0,
KMAP_D(4) KM_USER1,
KMAP_D(5) KM_BIO_SRC_IRQ,
KMAP_D(6) KM_BIO_DST_IRQ,
KMAP_D(7) KM_PTE0,
KMAP_D(8) KM_PTE1,
KMAP_D(9) KM_IRQ0,
KMAP_D(10) KM_IRQ1,
KMAP_D(11) KM_SOFTIRQ0,
KMAP_D(12) KM_SOFTIRQ1,
KMAP_D(13) KM_SYNC_ICACHE,
KMAP_D(14) KM_SYNC_DCACHE,
/* UML specific, for copy_*_user - used in do_op_one_page */
KMAP_D(15) KM_UML_USERCOPY,
KMAP_D(16) KM_IRQ_PTE,
KMAP_D(17) KM_NMI,
KMAP_D(18) KM_NMI_PTE,
KMAP_D(19) KM_TYPE_NR
};
其中KM_TYPE_NR标志了一个CPU可以拥有多少个页表项窗口来建立映射。
临时内核映射的实现也比永久内核映射要简单,当一个进程申请在某个窗口创建映射,即使这个窗口已经在之前就建立了映射,新的映射也会建立并且覆盖之前的映射,所以说这种映射机制是临时的,并且不会阻塞当前进程。
void *kmap_atomic(struct page *page, enum km_type type)
{
return kmap_atomic_prot(page, type, kmap_prot);
}
/*
* kmap_atomic/kunmap_atomic is significantly faster than kmap/kunmap because
* no global lock is needed and because the kmap code must perform a global TLB
* invalidation when the kmap pool wraps.
*
* However when holding an atomic kmap it is not legal to sleep, so atomic
* kmaps are appropriate for short, tight code paths only.
*/
void *kmap_atomic_prot(struct page *page, enum km_type type, pgprot_t prot)
{
enum fixed_addresses idx;
unsigned long vaddr;
/* even !CONFIG_PREEMPT needs this, for in_atomic in do_page_fault */
/*为了保证函数的原子性,禁止page fault handler*/
pagefault_disable();
if (!PageHighMem(page))/*属于低端内存则直接返回page的线性地址*/
return page_address(page);
debug_kmap_atomic(type);
/*smp_processor_id()得到CPU的标识号,用KM_TYPE_NR乘以该标识号就得到了该CPU可用窗口的区段,
再加上type就得到了相应的属于该CPU的窗口*/
idx = type + KM_TYPE_NR*smp_processor_id();
vaddr = __fix_to_virt(FIX_KMAP_BEGIN + idx);/*得到对应页表项的虚拟地址*/
BUG_ON(!pte_none(*(kmap_pte-idx)));
/*将页表项与page进行关联,用kmap_pte-idx而不是用kmap_pte+idx,因为固定映射区是逆向生长的,
也就是说枚举项越靠前的部分的虚拟地址越靠后*/
set_pte(kmap_pte-idx, mk_pte(page, prot));
return (void *)vaddr;
}
若要手动撤销当前的临时内核映射,则可调用kunmap_atomic()函数
void kunmap_atomic(void *kvaddr, enum km_type type)
{
unsigned long vaddr = (unsigned long) kvaddr & PAGE_MASK;
enum fixed_addresses idx = type + KM_TYPE_NR*smp_processor_id();
/*
* Force other mappings to Oops if they'll try to access this pte
* without first remap it. Keeping stale mappings around is a bad idea
* also, in case the page changes cacheability attributes or becomes
* a protected page in a hypervisor.
*/
/*如果建立了映射则清除页表项的内容,并且淸刷相应的TLB项*/
if (vaddr == __fix_to_virt(FIX_KMAP_BEGIN+idx))
kpte_clear_flush(kmap_pte-idx, vaddr);
else {
#ifdef CONFIG_DEBUG_HIGHMEM
BUG_ON(vaddr < PAGE_OFFSET);
BUG_ON(vaddr >= (unsigned long)high_memory);
#endif
}
pagefault_enable();/*重新使能page fault handler*/
}