Java案例:文件下载以及其中的中文文件名问题

Java的文件下载案例

  1. 需求

    1. 页面显示超链接
    2. 点击超链接后弹出下载提示框
    3. 完成图片文件下载
  2. 分析:

    1. 超链接指向的资源如果能够被浏览器解析,则在浏览器中展示,如果不能解析,则弹出下载提示框(我们的需求是不管什么文件都弹出下载提示框)
    2. 使用响应头设置资源的打开方式
      • content-disposition:attachment;filename = xxx
  3. 步骤:

    1. 定义页面,编辑超链接href属性,指向Servlet,传递资源名称filename
    2. 定义Servlet
      1. 获取文件名称
      2. 使用字节输入流加载文件进内存
      3. 指定response的响应头:content-disposition:attachment;filename = xxx
      4. 将数据写出到response输出流
  4. 问题:

    1. 中文文件名的问题
    2. 解决方法:
      1. 获取客户端使用的浏览器版本信息
      2. 根据不同的版本信息,设置filename的编码方式不同
  5. 上代码:
    html代码

    	<!DOCTYPE html>
    <html lang="en">
    <head>
        <meta charset="UTF-8">
        <title>Title</title>
    </head>
    <body>
    <a href="/day15test/downloadServlet?filename=索隆.png">图片</a>
    
    </body>
    </html>
    

    下面是对应的Servlet代码,其中用到了一个工具类DownloadUtils

    package test1.download;
    import test1.util.DownLoadUtils;
    import javax.servlet.ServletContext;
    import javax.servlet.ServletException;
    import javax.servlet.ServletOutputStream;
    import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
    import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
    import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
    import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
    import java.io.FileInputStream;
    import java.io.IOException;
    
    @WebServlet("/downloadServlet")
    public class DownloadServlet extends HttpServlet {
        @Override
        protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
            //1. 获取请求参数(文件名称)
            String filename = req.getParameter("filename");
            //2. 使用字节输入流加载文件进内存
            //2.1 找到文件服务器路径
            ServletContext servletContext = this.getServletContext();
            String realPath = servletContext.getRealPath("/img/" + filename);
            //2.2 用字节流关联
            FileInputStream fis = new FileInputStream(realPath);
    
            //3. 设置response响应头
            //3.1 设置响应头类型,content-type
            String mimeType = servletContext.getMimeType(filename);  //获取文件MIME类型
            resp.setHeader("content-type",mimeType);
            //3.2 设置响应头打开方式,content-disposition
    
            //解决中文文件名问题
            //1. 获取user-agent请求头
            String agent = req.getHeader("user-agent");
            //2.使用工具类方法编码文件名即可
            filename = DownLoadUtils.getFileName(agent, filename);
    
            resp.setHeader("content-disposition","attachment;filename = " + filename);
            //4. 将输入流的数据写出到输出流中
            ServletOutputStream outputStream = resp.getOutputStream();
            byte [] buff = new byte[1024 * 8];
            int len = 0;
            while((len = fis.read(buff)) != -1) {
                outputStream.write(buff,0,len);
            }
    
            fis.close();
    
        }
    
        @Override
        protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
            this.doPost(req,resp);
        }
    }
    

    下面是DownLoadUtils工具类,这个类中的BASE64Encoder在现在是不建议被使用的,所以不好导包,便从网上下载了一份,代码放在这个类的下面

    package test1.util;
    
    import java.io.UnsupportedEncodingException;
    import java.net.URLEncoder;
    
    
    public class DownLoadUtils {
        public static String getFileName(String agent, String filename) throws UnsupportedEncodingException {
            if (agent.contains("MSIE")) {
                //IE浏览器
                filename = URLEncoder.encode(filename, "utf-8");
                filename = filename.replace("+", " ");
            } else if (agent.contains("Firefox")) {
                BASE64Encoder base64Encoder = new BASE64Encoder();
                filename = "?=utf-8?B?" + base64Encoder.encode(filename.getBytes("utf-8")) + "?=";
            } else {
                //其它浏览器
                filename = URLEncoder.encode(filename, "utf-8");
            }
    
            return filename;
        }
    }
    

    BASE64Encoder类,这个类继承了一个抽象类CharacterEncoder,这个抽象类也需要自己写,放在了这个类的下面(虽然麻烦了点,但是弄出来就不错了)

    package test1.util;
    
    import java.io.IOException;
    import java.io.OutputStream;
    
    public class BASE64Encoder extends CharacterEncoder {
        private static final char[] pem_array = new char[]{'A', 'B', 'C', 'D', 'E', 'F', 'G', 'H', 'I', 'J', 'K', 'L', 'M', 'N', 'O', 'P', 'Q', 'R', 'S', 'T', 'U', 'V', 'W', 'X', 'Y', 'Z', 'a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e', 'f', 'g', 'h', 'i', 'j', 'k', 'l', 'm', 'n', 'o', 'p', 'q', 'r', 's', 't', 'u', 'v', 'w', 'x', 'y', 'z', '0', '1', '2', '3', '4', '5', '6', '7', '8', '9', '+', '/'};
    
        public BASE64Encoder() {
        }
    
        protected int bytesPerAtom() {
            return 3;
        }
    
        protected int bytesPerLine() {
            return 57;
        }
    
        protected void encodeAtom(OutputStream outStream, byte[] data, int offset, int len) throws IOException {
            byte a;
            if (len == 1) {
                a = data[offset];
                byte b = 0;
                byte c = 0;
                outStream.write(pem_array[a >>> 2 & 63]);
                outStream.write(pem_array[(a << 4 & 48) + (b >>> 4 & 15)]);
                outStream.write(61);
                outStream.write(61);
            } else {
                byte b;
                if (len == 2) {
                    a = data[offset];
                    b = data[offset + 1];
                    byte c = 0;
                    outStream.write(pem_array[a >>> 2 & 63]);
                    outStream.write(pem_array[(a << 4 & 48) + (b >>> 4 & 15)]);
                    outStream.write(pem_array[(b << 2 & 60) + (c >>> 6 & 3)]);
                    outStream.write(61);
                } else {
                    a = data[offset];
                    b = data[offset + 1];
                    byte c = data[offset + 2];
                    outStream.write(pem_array[a >>> 2 & 63]);
                    outStream.write(pem_array[(a << 4 & 48) + (b >>> 4 & 15)]);
                    outStream.write(pem_array[(b << 2 & 60) + (c >>> 6 & 3)]);
                    outStream.write(pem_array[c & 63]);
                }
            }
    
        }
    }
    
    

    CharacterEncoder抽象类

    package test1.util;
    
    import java.io.ByteArrayInputStream;
    import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;
    import java.io.IOException;
    import java.io.InputStream;
    import java.io.OutputStream;
    import java.io.PrintStream;
    import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
    
    public abstract class CharacterEncoder {
        protected PrintStream pStream;
    
        public CharacterEncoder() {
        }
    
        protected abstract int bytesPerAtom();
    
        protected abstract int bytesPerLine();
    
        protected void encodeBufferPrefix(OutputStream aStream) throws IOException {
            this.pStream = new PrintStream(aStream);
        }
    
        protected void encodeBufferSuffix(OutputStream aStream) throws IOException {
        }
    
        protected void encodeLinePrefix(OutputStream aStream, int aLength) throws IOException {
        }
    
        protected void encodeLineSuffix(OutputStream aStream) throws IOException {
            this.pStream.println();
        }
    
        protected abstract void encodeAtom(OutputStream var1, byte[] var2, int var3, int var4) throws IOException;
    
        protected int readFully(InputStream in, byte[] buffer) throws IOException {
            for(int i = 0; i < buffer.length; ++i) {
                int q = in.read();
                if (q == -1) {
                    return i;
                }
    
                buffer[i] = (byte)q;
            }
    
            return buffer.length;
        }
    
        public void encode(InputStream inStream, OutputStream outStream) throws IOException {
            byte[] tmpbuffer = new byte[this.bytesPerLine()];
            this.encodeBufferPrefix(outStream);
    
            while(true) {
                int numBytes = this.readFully(inStream, tmpbuffer);
                if (numBytes == 0) {
                    break;
                }
    
                this.encodeLinePrefix(outStream, numBytes);
    
                for(int j = 0; j < numBytes; j += this.bytesPerAtom()) {
                    if (j + this.bytesPerAtom() <= numBytes) {
                        this.encodeAtom(outStream, tmpbuffer, j, this.bytesPerAtom());
                    } else {
                        this.encodeAtom(outStream, tmpbuffer, j, numBytes - j);
                    }
                }
    
                if (numBytes < this.bytesPerLine()) {
                    break;
                }
    
                this.encodeLineSuffix(outStream);
            }
    
            this.encodeBufferSuffix(outStream);
        }
    
        public void encode(byte[] aBuffer, OutputStream aStream) throws IOException {
            ByteArrayInputStream inStream = new ByteArrayInputStream(aBuffer);
            this.encode((InputStream)inStream, aStream);
        }
    
        public String encode(byte[] aBuffer) {
            ByteArrayOutputStream outStream = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
            ByteArrayInputStream inStream = new ByteArrayInputStream(aBuffer);
            String retVal = null;
    
            try {
                this.encode((InputStream)inStream, outStream);
                retVal = outStream.toString("8859_1");
                return retVal;
            } catch (Exception var6) {
                throw new Error("CharacterEncoder.encode internal error");
            }
        }
    
        private byte[] getBytes(ByteBuffer bb) {
            byte[] buf = null;
            if (bb.hasArray()) {
                byte[] tmp = bb.array();
                if (tmp.length == bb.capacity() && tmp.length == bb.remaining()) {
                    buf = tmp;
                    bb.position(bb.limit());
                }
            }
    
            if (buf == null) {
                buf = new byte[bb.remaining()];
                bb.get(buf);
            }
    
            return buf;
        }
    
        public void encode(ByteBuffer aBuffer, OutputStream aStream) throws IOException {
            byte[] buf = this.getBytes(aBuffer);
            this.encode(buf, aStream);
        }
    
        public String encode(ByteBuffer aBuffer) {
            byte[] buf = this.getBytes(aBuffer);
            return this.encode(buf);
        }
    
        public void encodeBuffer(InputStream inStream, OutputStream outStream) throws IOException {
            byte[] tmpbuffer = new byte[this.bytesPerLine()];
            this.encodeBufferPrefix(outStream);
    
            int numBytes;
            do {
                numBytes = this.readFully(inStream, tmpbuffer);
                if (numBytes == 0) {
                    break;
                }
    
                this.encodeLinePrefix(outStream, numBytes);
    
                for(int j = 0; j < numBytes; j += this.bytesPerAtom()) {
                    if (j + this.bytesPerAtom() <= numBytes) {
                        this.encodeAtom(outStream, tmpbuffer, j, this.bytesPerAtom());
                    } else {
                        this.encodeAtom(outStream, tmpbuffer, j, numBytes - j);
                    }
                }
    
                this.encodeLineSuffix(outStream);
            } while(numBytes >= this.bytesPerLine());
    
            this.encodeBufferSuffix(outStream);
        }
    
        public void encodeBuffer(byte[] aBuffer, OutputStream aStream) throws IOException {
            ByteArrayInputStream inStream = new ByteArrayInputStream(aBuffer);
            this.encodeBuffer((InputStream)inStream, aStream);
        }
    
        public String encodeBuffer(byte[] aBuffer) {
            ByteArrayOutputStream outStream = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
            ByteArrayInputStream inStream = new ByteArrayInputStream(aBuffer);
    
            try {
                this.encodeBuffer((InputStream)inStream, outStream);
            } catch (Exception var5) {
                throw new Error("CharacterEncoder.encodeBuffer internal error");
            }
    
            return outStream.toString();
        }
    
        public void encodeBuffer(ByteBuffer aBuffer, OutputStream aStream) throws IOException {
            byte[] buf = this.getBytes(aBuffer);
            this.encodeBuffer(buf, aStream);
        }
    
        public String encodeBuffer(ByteBuffer aBuffer) {
            byte[] buf = this.getBytes(aBuffer);
            return this.encodeBuffer(buf);
        }
    }
    

    到此,文件下载和其中的中文乱码问题就解决了。

=====================================================

追加,弄了那么长时间,突然发现一个简单的方法,DownLoadUtils类中导包可以这样导,import java.util.Base64.Encoder;

将DownLoadUtils类改为下面的这个,那么上面从DownLoadUtils类向下的其它类都不需要写了:

	package test1.util;

	import java.io.UnsupportedEncodingException;
	import java.net.URLEncoder;
	import java.util.Base64;
	import java.util.Base64.Encoder;
	
	public class DownLoadUtils {
	    public static String getFileName(String agent, String filename) throws UnsupportedEncodingException {
	        if (agent.contains("MSIE")) {
	            //IE浏览器
	            filename = URLEncoder.encode(filename, "utf-8");
	            filename = filename.replace("+", " ");
	        } else if (agent.contains("Firefox")) {
	            Encoder base64Encoder = Base64.getEncoder();
	            filename = "?=utf-8?B?" + base64Encoder.encode(filename.getBytes("utf-8")) + "?=";
	        } else {
	            //其它浏览器
	            filename = URLEncoder.encode(filename, "utf-8");
	        }
	
	        return filename;
	    }
	}

因为BASE64Encoder不是很安全,所以不建议被使用。

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