重定向与转发

一、重定向

1、引入

客户端请求服务器时，服务器将响应的状态码设置为302，并添加location的响应头，告知客户端将location的值作为新的URL重新确定请求。客户端收到响应后，根据location的值重新发送请求。

2、示例

方式一：设置状态码和location头

package com.jingxin.servlet;

import java.io.IOException;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;

@WebServlet("/AServlet")
public class AServlet extends HttpServlet {
    private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;

    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
           //设置状态码
        response.setStatus(302);
        //设置location头，建议写绝对路径
        response.setHeader("Location", "http://localhost:8080/demo2/index.html");
    }

    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        doGet(request, response);
    }

}

方式二：直接设置重定向

package com.jingxin.servlet;

import java.io.IOException;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;

@WebServlet("/BServlet")
public class BServlet extends HttpServlet {
    private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;

    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        response.sendRedirect("http://localhost:8080/demo2/index.html");
    }

    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {

    }

}

二、转发

1、引入

当前请求未完成，服务器需要调用自身的其他资源（Servlet、html、jsp）来处理客户端的请求，完成响应。（需要多个资源来合作完成请求的处理）

2、分类

• forward : 会清除之前资源设置的响应缓冲区内容，只保留最后一个资源设置的内容，会保留所有资源设置的响应头
• include：合并所有资源设置的响应内容，只保留第一个资源设置的响应头，忽略其他资源设置的响应头

资源：指Web项目中的Servlet、html、jsp

3、示例

forward转发

package com.jingxin.servlet;

import java.io.IOException;

import javax.servlet.RequestDispatcher;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;


@WebServlet("/CServlet")
public class CServlet extends HttpServlet {
    private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;

    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        response.getWriter().append("CServlet");//最终的响应中会将其擦除
        response.setHeader("CServlet", "CServlet");//最终响应头中存在
        //获取请求调度器
        RequestDispatcher dispatcher = request.getRequestDispatcher("/DServlet");
        //转发请求
        dispatcher.forward(request, response);
    }


    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        doGet(request, response);
    }

}

package com.jingxin.servlet;

import java.io.IOException;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;

@WebServlet("/DServlet")
public class DServlet extends HttpServlet {
    private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;

    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        response.getWriter().append("DServlet");//最终响应体中存在
        response.setHeader("DServlet", "DServlet");//最终响应头中存在
    }

    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {

    }

}

执行结果

---

include 包含

package com.jingxin.servlet;

import java.io.IOException;

import javax.servlet.RequestDispatcher;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;

@WebServlet("/EServlet")
public class EServlet extends HttpServlet {
    private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;

    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        response.getWriter().append("EServlet<br/>");//会将响应内容合并
        response.setHeader("EServlet", "EServlet");//保留响应头
        //获取请求调度器
        RequestDispatcher dispatcher = request.getRequestDispatcher("/FServlet");
        //请求包含
        dispatcher.include(request, response);
    }

    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        doGet(request, response);
    }

}

package com.jingxin.servlet;

import java.io.IOException;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;

@WebServlet("/FServlet")
public class FServlet extends HttpServlet {
    private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;

    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        response.getWriter().append("FServlet");//会合并响应内容
        response.setHeader("FServlet", "FServlet");//会被忽略
    }

    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        doGet(request, response);
    }

}

执行结果

三、重定向与转发的区别

• 重定向是两次请求，转发是一次请求
• 重定向是浏览器地址栏会发生变化，转发时浏览器地址栏不变
• 重定向可以指定当前Web项目的资源也可以指定其他Web项目的资源，转发只能指定当前Web项目的资源
• 重定向第一次请求设置的值重定向后不能获取，转发时设置的值可以在转发的资源中获取
• 完成页面跳转功能选择重定向，多个资源中需要传递数据选择转发