MVC视图开发是通过HtmlHelper的各种扩展方法来实现的(位于System.Web.Mvc.Html下)。
主要包含以下7大类:FormExtensions、InputExtensions、LinkExtensions、SelectExtensions、TextAreaExtensions、ValidationExtensions及RenderPartialExtensions类。不仅如此,通过HtmlHelper的扩展方法还能开发更多的自定义控件(如我以后讲到的GridView等)。
FormExtensions:在视图中添加表单和表单路由,分别是BeginForm、BeginRouteForm和EndForm。BeginForm用于定义表单的开始部分,重载方法如下:
BeginForm();
BeginForm(object routeValues);
BeginForm(RouteValueDictionary routeValues);
BeginForm(string actionName,string controllerName);
BeginForm(string actionName,string controllerName,object routeValues);
BeginForm(string actionName,string controllerName,RouteValueDictionary routeValues);
BeginForm(string actionName,string controllerName,FormMethod method);
BeginForm(string actionName,string controllerName,object routeValues,FormMethod method);
BeginForm(string actionName,string controllerName,RouteValueDictionary routeVaues,FormMethod method);
BeginForm(string actionName,string controllerName,FormMethod method,object htmlAttributes);
BeginForm(string actionName,string controllerName,FormMethod method,IDictionary<string,object> htmlAttributes);
BeginForm(string actionName,string controllerName,object routeValues,FormMethod method,object htmlAttributes);
BeginForm(string actionName,string controllerName,RouteValueDictionary routeValues,FormMethod method,IDictionary<string,object> htmlAttributes);
可以通过以下代码设置路由对象:
Html.BeginForm(new { controller = "blog", action = "show", author = "miracle" })
对应生成的HTML代码(默认提交方法为post):
<form action="/blog/show/miracle" method="post"/>
也可以通过BeginForm设置提交方法,以FormMethod为最高优先级,然后才是属性设置。
Html.BeginForm("show", "blog", FormMethod.Post, new { method = "get" })
对应生成的HTML代码(尽管后面又对方法进行了更改,但是以FormMethod优先级最高,提交方法仍然为post):
<form action="/blog/show" method="post"/>
还可以设置属性(例如id,class等),如同时在属性中设置了action,则以属性设置为最高优先级。
Html.BeginForm("show", "blog",
new RouteValueDictionary { { "author", "miracle" } },
FormMethod.Post,
new RouteValueDictionary { { "action", "compose" }, { "class", "begin-form" } })
对应生成的HTML代码(添加了class,同时更改了action):
<form action="/blog/show/miracle" class="begin-form" method="post"/>
同时,也可以利用BeginRouteForm来定义form开头部分,不过不同的是,此时不用强制指定controller(当前也可以指定),默认当前页面所在的目录对应的控制器。重载方法如下:
BeginRouteForm(object routeValues);
BeginRouteForm(RouteValueDictionary routeValues);
BeginRouteForm(string routeName);
BeginRouteForm(string routeName,object routeValues);
BeginRouteForm(string routeName,RouteValueDictionary routeValues);
BeginRouteForm(string routeName,FormMethod method);
BeginRouteForm(string routeName,object routeValues,FormMethod method);
BeginRouteForm(string routeName,RouteValueDictionary routeValues,FormMethod method);
BeginRouteForm(string routeName,FormMethod method,object htmlAttributes);
BeginRouteForm(string routeName,FormMethod method,IDictionary<string,object> htmlAttributes);
BeginRouteForm(string routeName,object routeValues,FormMethod method,object htmlAttributes);
BeginRouteForm(string routeName,RouteValueDictionary routeValues,FormMethod method,IDictionary<string,object> htmlAttributes);
可以通过以下代码设置路由对象:
Html.BeginRouteForm(new { action="show"})
对应生成的HTML代码(尽管没有指定controller):
<form action="/blog/show" method="post"/>
其他的设置与BeginForm类似。可通过EndForm定义结尾部分,不过一般在实际项目中,使用using来定义form而不是调用Html.EndForm。
<% using (Html.BeginForm(new { controller = "blog", action = "show", author = "miracle" }))
{%>
表单内容
<%} %>
InputExtensions:包含设置CheckBox、RadioButton、Hidden、TextBox及Password控件。
首先来看CheckBox控件,重载方法列表:
CheckBox(string name);
CheckBox(string name,bool isChecked);
CheckBox(string name,bool isChecked,object htmlAttributes);
CheckBox(string name,object htmlAttributes);
CheckBox(string name,IDictionary<string,object> htmlAttributes);
CheckBox(string name,bool isChecked,IDictionary<string,object> htmlAttributes);
我们来看看对应的页面代码:
<%using (Html.BeginForm("CheckBox", "Control"))
{%>
<fieldset>
<legend>设置字体</legend>
<%=Html.CheckBox("chkBlack", true, new { id="chkBlack"})%>
<label for="chkBlack">
黑色</label>
<%=Html.CheckBox("chkBlue", false, new { id = "chkBlue" })%>
<label for="chkBlue">
蓝色</label>
</fieldset>
<%} %>
对应生成的HTML代码:
<form action="/Control/CheckBox" method="post">
<fieldset>
<legend>设置字体</legend>
<input checked="checked" id="chkBlack" name="chkBlack" type="checkbox" value="true" />
<input name="chkBlack" type="hidden" value="false" />
<label for="chkBlack">
黑色</label>
<input id="chkBlue" name="chkBlue" type="checkbox" value="true" />
<input name="chkBlue" type="hidden" value="false" />
<label for="chkBlue">
蓝色</label>
</fieldset>
</form>
我们可以看出,每一个CheckBox都会对应另外生成一个隐藏控件,可以利用它来检测复选框的选中状态。
public ActionResult ShowCheckBox(FormCollection form)
{
bool isCheckedBlack = form["chkBlack"].Contains("true");
bool isCheckedBlue = form["chkBlue"].Contains("true");
ViewData["Black"] = isCheckedBlack;
ViewData["Blue"] = isCheckedBlue;
return View();
}
接下来看看单选控件RadioButton,重载方法列表:
RadioButton(string name,object value);
RadioButton(string name,object value,object htmlAttributes);
RadioButton(string name,object value,IDictionary<string,object> htmlAttributes);
RadioButton(string name,object value,bool isChecked);
RadioButton(string name,object value,bool isChecked,object htmlAttributes);
RadioButton(string name,object value,bool isChecked,IDictionary<string,object> htmlAttributes);
<%using (Html.BeginForm("RadioButton", "Control"))
{%>
<fieldset>
<legend>设置字体</legend>
<%=Html.RadioButton("color", "black", true, new { id = "rbBlack" })%>
<label for="rbBlack">
黑色</label>
<%=Html.RadioButton("color", "blue", false, new { id = "rbBlue" })%>
<label for="rbBlue">
蓝色</label>
</fieldset>
<%} %>
<form action="/Control/RadioButton" method="post">
<fieldset>
<legend>设置字体</legend>
<input checked="checked" id="rbBlack" name="color" type="radio" value="black" />
<label for="rbBlack">
黑色</label>
<input id="rbBlue" name="color" type="radio" value="blue" />
<label for="rbBlue">
蓝色</label>
</fieldset>
</form>
我们可以发现RadioButton的name值是一样的,保证单选的唯一性。同时不需要额外的隐藏控件来保存是否选中。
接下来看看隐藏控件是如何实现的:
Hidden(string name);
Hidden(string name,object value);
Hidden(string name,object value,object htmlAttributes);
Hidden(string name,object value,IDictionary<string,object> htmlAttributes);
生成的隐藏控件及HTML代码如下:
Html.Hidden("name", "miracle");
<input id="name" name="name" type="hidden" value="miracle" />
由于文本框及密码的生成方式与Hidden类似,这里就不再介绍了。
LinkExtensions:在视图中设置链接,包含ActionLink和RouteLink。两者基本功能一致,只是后者可以指定路由名称而已。
我们以ActionLink为例来讲解,重载方法列表:
ActionLink(string linkText,string actionName);
ActionLink(string linkText,string actionName,object routeValues);
ActionLink(string linkText,string actionName,object routeValues,object htmlAttributes);
ActionLink(string linkText,string actionName,RouteValueDictionary routeValues);
ActionLink(string linkText,string actionName,RouteValueDictionary routeValues,IDictionary<string,object> htmlAttributes);
ActionLink(string linkText,string actionName,string controller);
ActionLink(string linkText,string actionName,string controller,object routeValues,object htmlAttributes);
ActionLink(string linkText,string actionName,string controller,RouteValueDictionary routeValues,IDictionary<string,object> htmlAttributes);
ActionLink(string linkText,string actionName,string controller,string protocol,string hostName,string fragment,object routeValues,object htmlAttributes);
ActionLink(string linkText,string actionName,string controller,string protocol,string hostName,string fragment,RouteValueDictionary routeValues,IDictionary<string,object> htmlAttributes);
Html.ActionLink("Miracle's Blog", "Show", "Blog")
<a href="/Blog/Show">Miracle's Blog</a>
在这里,简单的列举一下RouteLink的相关方法:
RouteLink(string linkText,object routeValues);
RouteLink(string linkText,RouteValueDictionary routeValues);
RouteLink(string linkText,string routeName,object routeValues);
RouteLink(string linkText,string routeName,RouteValueDictionary routeValues);
RouteLink(string linkText,object routeValues,object htmlAttributes);
RouteLink(string linkText,RouteValueDictionary routeValues,IDictionary<string,object> htmlAttributes);
RouteLink(string linkText,string routeName,object routeValues,object htmlAttributes);
RouteLink(string linkText,string routeName,RouteValueDictionary routeValues,IDictionary<string,object> htmlAttributes);
RouteLink(string linkText,string routeName,string protocol,string hostName,string fragment,object routeValues,object htmlAttributes);
RouteLink(string linkText,string routeName,string protocol,string hostName,string fragment,RouteValueDictionary routeValues,IDictionary<string,object> htmlAttributes);
Html.RouteLink("Miracle's Blog", "default", new { author="miracle"})
<a href="/Blog/Show/miracle">Miracle's Blog</a>
SelectExtensions:包含DropDownList和ListBox控件。前者为下拉列表,后者为列表框。
DropDownList下拉列表的重载方法列表:
DropDownList(string name);
DropDownList(string name,string optionLabel);
DropDownList(string name,IEnumerable<SelectListItem> selectList,string optionLabel);
DropDownList(string name,IEnumerable<SelectListItem> selectList,string optionLabel,object htmlAttributes);
DropDownList(string name,IEnumerable<SelectListItem> selectList);
DropDownList(string name,IEnumerable<SelectListItem> selectList,object htmlAttributes);
DropDownList(string name,IEnumerable<SelectListItem> selectList,IDictionary<string,object> htmlAttributes);
DropDownList(string name,IEnumerable<SelectListItem> selectList,string optionLabel,IDictionary<string,object> htmlAttributes);
查看一下DropDownList应用页面及HTML:
public ActionResult ShowDropDownList()
{
ViewData["Category"] = new SelectList(db.Categories, "CategoryID", "CategoryName");
return View();
}
<%using (Html.BeginForm("SelectDropDownList", "Control"))
{%>
<fieldset>
<legend>选择类别</legend>
<%=Html.DropDownList("Category")%>
<input type="submit" value="选择"/>
</fieldset>
<%} %>
<form action="/Control/SelectDropDownList" method="post">
<fieldset>
<legend>选择产品类别</legend>
<select id="Category" name="Category">
<option value="1">Beverages</option>
<option value="2">Condiments</option>
<option value="3">Confections</option>
<option value="4">Dairy Products</option>
<option value="5">Grains/Cereals</option>
<option value="6">Meat/Poultry</option>
<option value="7">Produce</option>
<option value="8">Seafood</option>
</select>
<input type="submit" value="选择"/></fieldset>
</form>
要获取当前选中的项,代码如下:
public ActionResult SelectDropDownList(FormCollection form)
{
var selectedCategories = form["Category"];
ViewData["SelectCategory"] = new SelectList(db.Categories, "CategoryID", "CategoryName", selectedCategories);
return View();
}
<%using (Html.BeginForm("ShowDropDownList", "Control"))
{%>
<fieldset>
<legend>当前选中类别</legend>
<%=Html.DropDownList("SelectCategory")%>
<input type="submit" value="返回"/>
</fieldset>
<%} %>
<form action="/" method="post">
<fieldset>
<legend>当前选中类别</legend>
<select id="SelectCategory" name="SelectCategory">
<option value="1">Beverages</option>
<option value="2">Condiments</option>
<option value="3">Confections</option>
<option value="4">Dairy Products</option>
<option value="5">Grains/Cereals</option>
<option value="6">Meat/Poultry</option>
<option value="7">Produce</option>
<option selected="selected" value="8">Seafood</option>
</select>
<input type="submit" value="返回"/>
</fieldset>
</form>
ListBox列表框可选中多个项(设置multiple):
ListBox(string name);
ListBox(string name,IEnumerable<SelectListItem> selectList);
ListBox(string name,IEnumerable<SelectListItem> selectList,object htmlAttributes);
ListBox(string name,IEnumerable<SelectListItem> selectList,IDictionary<string,object> htmlAttributes);
查看一下ListBox应用页面及HTML:
public ActionResult ShowListBox()
{
ViewData["Category"] = new SelectList(db.Categories, "CategoryID", "CategoryName");
return View();
}
<%using (Html.BeginForm("SelectListBox", "Control"))
{%>
<fieldset>
<legend>选择类别</legend>
<%=Html.ListBox("Category")%>
<input type="submit" value="选择"/>
</fieldset>
<%} %>
<form action="/Control/SelectListBox" method="post">
<fieldset>
<legend>选择类别</legend>
<select id="Category" multiple="multiple" name="Category">
<option value="1">Beverages</option>
<option value="2">Condiments</option>
<option value="3">Confections</option>
<option value="4">Dairy Products</option>
<option value="5">Grains/Cereals</option>
<option value="6">Meat/Poultry</option>
<option value="7">Produce</option>
<option value="8">Seafood</option>
</select>
<input type="submit" value="选择"/>
</fieldset>
</form>
当选中多项时,代码如下:
public ActionResult SelectListBox(FormCollection form)
{
var selectedCategories = form["Category"].Split(',').AsEnumerable();
ViewData["SelectCategory"] = new MultiSelectList(db.Categories, "CategoryID", "CategoryName", selectedCategories);
return View();
}
<%using (Html.BeginForm("ShowListBox", "Control"))
{%>
<fieldset>
<legend>当前选中类别</legend>
<%=Html.ListBox("SelectCategory")%>
<input type="submit" value="返回"/>
</fieldset>
<%} %>
<form action="/" method="post">
<fieldset>
<legend>当前选中类别</legend>
<select id="SelectCategory" multiple="multiple" name="SelectCategory">
<option value="1">Beverages</option>
<option selected="selected" value="2">Condiments</option>
<option selected="selected" value="3">Confections</option>
<option value="4">Dairy Products</option>
<option value="5">Grains/Cereals</option>
<option value="6">Meat/Poultry</option>
<option value="7">Produce</option>
<option value="8">Seafood</option>
</select>
<input type="submit" value="返回"/>
</fieldset>
</form>