一段代码学习几个Python知识点

###########################################################

zip(a, b)函数，将它可迭代的对象a, b作为参数，将a, b中对应的元素打包成一个个tuple（元组），然后返回由tuple组成的列表。

比如：

def show_table(table):
	test = zip(*table)
	print (test)
	
show_table([['A','B'],['CCC','DDD']])

输出为：

[('A', 'CCC'), ('B', 'DDD')]

###########################################################

enumerate() 可以同时取出可迭代对象的index 和 content。 

比如：

myList = [10, 4, 6]

for i, val in enumerate(myList):
	print ("index: " + str(i) + " value: " + str(val))

输出为：

index: 0 value: 10
index: 1 value: 4
index: 2 value: 6

###########################################################

format()函数用来替代%控制输出结果的显示。format()高端之处在于可以以变量指定输出显示的位数，比如%3f中的3。

具体用法如下：

举例：

print ("{}".format(5))
print ("{}{}".format(5, "test"))
print ("{0}{0}{1}".format(5, "test"))
print ("{value}{value}{text}".format(value = 5, text = "test"))
myList = [5, "test"]
print ("{0[0]}{0[0]}{0[1]}".format(myList))

#":number" specify the format 
print ("{:2}{:10}".format(5, "test"))
# < means left-aligned, > means right-aligned, ^ means center-aligned
print ("{:<2}{:<10}".format(5, "test"))
print ("{:<2}{:>10}".format(5, "test"))
print ("{:>2}{:<10}".format(5, "test"))
print ("{:>2}{:>10}".format(5, "test"))
# a, b here is the fill character
print ("{:a>2}{:b>10}".format(5, "test"))
#specify the format using variable
print ("{:a>{}}{:b>10}".format(5, 2, "test"))

输出结果：

5
5test
55test
55test
55test
 5test      
5 test      
5       test
 5test      
 5      test
a5bbbbbbtest
a5bbbbbbtest

###########################################################

List Python comprehensive 看起来很怪异，其实使用很方便简单

比如：

noprimes = [j for i in range(2, 8) for j in range(i*2, 50, i)]
print (noprimes)

noprimes = []
for i in range(2, 8):
    for j in range(i*2, 50, i):
        noprimes.append(j)
print (noprimes)

输出为：

[4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, 20, 22, 24, 26, 28, 30, 32, 34, 36, 38, 40, 42, 44, 46, 48, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18, 21, 24, 27, 30, 33, 36, 39, 42, 45, 48, 8, 12, 16, 20, 24, 28, 32, 36, 40, 44, 48, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40, 45, 12, 18, 24, 30, 36, 42, 48, 14, 21, 28, 35, 42, 49]
[4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, 20, 22, 24, 26, 28, 30, 32, 34, 36, 38, 40, 42, 44, 46, 48, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18, 21, 24, 27, 30, 33, 36, 39, 42, 45, 48, 8, 12, 16, 20, 24, 28, 32, 36, 40, 44, 48, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40, 45, 12, 18, 24, 30, 36, 42, 48, 14, 21, 28, 35, 42, 49]

words = 'The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog'.split()
print words

stuff = [[w.upper(), w.lower(), len(w)] for w in words]
for i in stuff:
	print i

stuff = []
for w in words:
    stuff.append([w.upper(), w.lower(), len(w)])
for i in stuff:
	print i

输出为：

['The', 'quick', 'brown', 'fox', 'jumps', 'over', 'the', 'lazy', 'dog']
['THE', 'the', 3]
['QUICK', 'quick', 5]
['BROWN', 'brown', 5]
['FOX', 'fox', 3]
['JUMPS', 'jumps', 5]
['OVER', 'over', 4]
['THE', 'the', 3]
['LAZY', 'lazy', 4]
['DOG', 'dog', 3]
['THE', 'the', 3]
['QUICK', 'quick', 5]
['BROWN', 'brown', 5]
['FOX', 'fox', 3]
['JUMPS', 'jumps', 5]
['OVER', 'over', 4]
['THE', 'the', 3]
['LAZY', 'lazy', 4]
['DOG', 'dog', 3]

Dict Python Comprehensive

比如：

print {i : chr(65+i) for i in range(4)}

list_of_email_addrs = ["barry@zope.com", "barry@python.org", "guido@python.org"]
print {x.lower() : 1 for x in list_of_email_addrs}

输出为：

{0: 'A', 1: 'B', 2: 'C', 3: 'D'}
{'barry@python.org': 1, 'guido@python.org': 1, 'barry@zope.com': 1}

###########################################################

实例，以表格形式输出list of list 中的元素，要求元素之间以“|”隔开，且每列以最长的元素为列宽

def show_table(table):

    col_width = [max(len(x) for x in col) for col in zip(*table)]

    for index, line in enumerate(table):
        table_row = ""
        for i, x in enumerate(line):
            table_row += "{:{}}".format(x, col_width[i]) + " | "

        print "| " + table_row


def main():

    show_table([['10','2','300'],['4000','50','60'],['7','800','90000']])
    show_table([['A','B'],['CCC','DDD']])

if __name__ == '__main__':
    main()