Web超简单入门（附带项目的讲解）

写在前面

DemoWebPages 是一个只有三个页面的网站，功能简单且清晰。具体有登录，注册和菜单三个页面。写这个小型项目的目的，一是想复习一下一年前学到的web的知识，二是想给刚学习web的同学提供一点微不足道的资源。博主也不是大牛，只是想把这个项目的过程记录下来，要是能帮助到别的喜欢web的同学就更好了。这个项目我已经放在了github上，欢迎大家去下载，别忘了点个⭐️哦。在DBConnect里，只要把xxxxx分别改成你的数据库的名字，用户名和密码就可以跑了。😃 我把代码都放上来了，不要看着有点多就觉得害怕，其实都有规律的😀
github链接

进入正题

配置

我写的配置是我自己在写这个web所用到的，并不是说写web非用它们不可哈😊

1. MySQL
2. TomCat
3. Eclipse
   eclipse 需要配置 tomcat, 还要导入一个 mysql-connector-java 的jar包，具体怎么做的这里就不多说了，网上有很多详细的资料。这里也附上两篇写得不错的教程。
   配置Tomcat
   mysql驱动包

项目介绍

虽然DemoWebPages目前只有注册和登录两个页面，但是很多web也需要这两个功能和页面，所以我觉得用这个小项目来认识web会是一个不错的选择。DemoWebPages的一个主要逻辑是，员工也可以是顾客。带着这个中心思想，我们来看一下ER Model:

可以从图中知道，DemoWebPages有三个entity, 分别是person, employee和guest，而employee和guest是继承person的。用继承的关系是因为，无论是员工还是顾客，注册时所需填的信息有很大一部分是一样的，所以创建一个person，可以避免代码的重复。通过ER Model，我们可以知道在数据库中有哪些表，每张表的属性有哪些，以及主键。那这里很明显，我的数据库里有三张表，分别是person，guest 和employee。而这三张表的主键都是email。我是手动在数据库里创建了三张表，当然创建表这一操作也可以用代码实现。先附上创表的sql语句：

create table person(firstname char(10),lastname char(10),phone char(10),address char(20),email char(20) primary key,password char(20));

create table employee(email char(10) primary key,position char(10),location char(20));

create table guest(email har(10) primary key);

到这里，已经配置好了eclipse，也创好了表，可以写一些功能了。

具体操作

【包的创建】

如图，我创建了三个包，分别是connect，entities和servlet。那为什么要创建这3个包呢？我们先想想，我们是怎么使用web的。往简单去想，就是用户在注册页面注册成功后就可以进行其他操作，比如网上购物。那也就是说，这个web的后台拿到了这个用户的注册信息，然后把这个用户的资料存在数据库里。当用户进行一些操作比如购物时，就可以从表里调出这个用户的信息，然后为这个用户进行一些操作，比如积分。到这里我们大概知道了，首先肯定要有一个用户包，里面包括用户的各种属性，比如名字，电话。那对应的就是entities。所以，entities 也是和数据库里的表所对应的。然后，需要一个包负责连接数据库，并且进行数据的增删改查。比如说注册成功了，那就要把这个用户的资料添加到数据库里。那对应的就是connect。那最后，还需要一个包处理业务逻辑。比如说，注册成功后可以跳转到购物页面。那对应的就是servlet。

【entity】
从最简单的说起，entity对应数据库里的表。因为我设想中数据库会有三张表，所以这里也会有三个entity。上代码。

package entities;

/**
 * The Person program implements a person entity.
 * 
 * @author: 
 * @version: V1.0
 * @since: 2021-01-2
 **/

public class Person {
   
	private String firstName;
	private String lastName;
	private String address;
	private String email;
	private String phone;
	private String password;
	
	/**
	 * This is the default constructor which creates a person with default attributes.
	 * @param Nothing.
	 * @return Nothing.
	 **/
	public Person() {
   
		firstName = "";
		lastName = "";
		address = "";
		email = "";
		phone = "";
		password = "";
	}
	
	/**
	 * This is the constructor which creates a person.
	 * @param firstName The firstName of the new guest.
	 * @param lastName The lastName of the new guest.
	 * @param phone The phone of the new guest.
	 * @param address The address of the new guest.
	 * @param email The email of the new guest.
	 * @param password The password of the new guest.
	 * @return Nothing.
	 **/
	public Person(String firstName,String lastName,String phone,String address,String email,String password ) {
   
		this.firstName = firstName;
		this.lastName = lastName;
		this.phone = phone;
		this.address = address;
		this.email = email;
		this.password = password;
	}
	
	/**
	 * This function returns the email of person.
	 * @param Nothing.
	 * @return String Ruturns the email of person.
	 **/
	public String getEmail() {
   
		return email;
	}
	
	/**
	 * This function sets the email of person.
	 * @param email The email of a person.
	 * @return Nothing.
	 **/
	public void setEmail(String email) {
   
		this.email = email;
	}
	
	/**
	 * This function returns the password of person.
	 * @param Nothing.
	 * @return String Ruturns the password of person.
	 **/
	public String getPassword() {
   
		return password;
	}

	/**
	 * This function sets the password of person.
	 * @param password The password of a person.
	 * @return Nothing.
	 **/
	public void setPassword(String password) {
   
		this.password = password;
	}
	
	/**
	 * This function returns the first name of person.
	 * @param Nothing.
	 * @return String Ruturns the first name of person.
	 **/
	public String getFirstName() {
   
		return firstName;
	}
	
	/**
	 * This function sets the first name of person.
	 * @param firstName The first name of a person.
	 * @return Nothing.
	 **/
	public void setFirstName(String firstName) {
   
		this.firstName = firstName;
	}
	
	/**
	 * This function returns the last name of person.
	 * @param Nothing.
	 * @return String Ruturns the last name of person.
	 **/
	public String getLastName() {
   
		return lastName;
	}

	/**
	 * This function sets the last name of person.
	 * @param lastName The last name of a person.
	 * @return Nothing.
	 **/
	public void setLastName(String lastName) {
   
		this.lastName = lastName;
	}
	
	/**
	 * This function returns the address of person.
	 * @param Nothing.
	 * @return String Ruturns the address of person.
	 **/
	public String getAddress() {
   
		return address;
	}
	
	/**
	 * This function sets the address of person.
	 * @param address The address of a person.
	 * @return Nothing.
	 **/
	public void setAddress(String address) {
   
		this.address = address;
	}
	
	/**
	 * This function returns the phone number of person.
	 * @param Nothing.
	 * @return String Ruturns the phone number of person.
	 **/
	public String getPhone() {
   
		return phone;
	}
	
	/**
	 * This function sets the phone number of person.
	 * @param phone The phone number of a person.
	 * @return Nothing.
	 **/
	public void setPhone(String phone) {
   
		this.phone = phone;
	}
}

package entities;

/**
 * The Employee program implements an employee entity.
 * 
 * @author: 
 * @version: V1.0
 * @since: 2021-01-2
 **/

public class Employee extends Person{
   
	private String email;
	private String position;
	private String location;
	
	/**
	 * This is the default constructor which creates an employee with default attributes.
	 * @param Nothing.
	 * @return Nothing.
	 **/
	public Employee() {
   
		email="";
		position = "";
		location = "";
	}
	
	/**
	 * This is the constructor which creates an employee.
	 * @param email The email of the new employee.
	 * @param position The position of the new employee.
	 * @param location The location of the new employee.
	 * @return Nothing.
	 **/
	public Employee(String email,String position,String location) {
   
		this.email = email;
		this.position = position;
		this.location = location;
	}
	
	@Override
	/**
	 * This function returns the email of employee.
	 * @param Nothing.
	 * @return String Ruturns the email of employee.
	 **/
	public String getEmail() {
   
		return email;
	}

	@Override
	/**
	 * This function sets the email of employee.
	 * @param email The email of an employee.
	 * @return Nothing.
	 **/
	public void setEmail(String email) {
   
		this.email = email;
	}

	/**
	 * This function returns the position of employee.
	 * @param Nothing.
	 * @return String Ruturns the position of employee.
	 **/
	public String getPosition() {
   
		return position;
	}

	/**
	 * This function sets the position of employee.
	 * @param position The position of an employee.
	 * @return Nothing.
	 **/
	public void setPosition(String position) {
   
		this.position = position;
	}

	/**
	 * This function returns the location of employee.
	 * @param Nothing.
	 * @return String Ruturns the location of employee.
	 **/
	public String getLocation() {
   
		return location;
	}

	/**
	 * This function sets the location of employee.
	 * @param location The location of an employee.
	 * @return Nothing.
	 **/
	public void setLocation(String location) {
   
		this.location = location;
	}

	
}

package entities;

/**
 * The Guest program implements a guest entity.
 * 
 * @author: 
 * @version: V1.0
 * @since: 2021-01-2
 **/

public class Guest extends Person{
   
	private String email;
	
	/**
	 * This is the default constructor which creates a guest with default attributes.
	 * @param Nothing.
	 * @return Nothing.
	 **/
	public Guest() {
   
		email="";
	}
	
	/**
	 * This is the constructor which creates a guest.
	 * @param email The email of the new guest.
	 * @return Nothing.
	 **/
	public Guest(String email) {
   
		this.email = email;
	}
	
	@Override
	/**
	 * This function returns the email of guest.
	 * @param Nothing.
	 * @return String Ruturns the email of guest.
	 **/
	public String getEmail() {
   
		return email;
	}

	@Override
	/**
	 * This function sets the email of guest.
	 * @param email The email of a guest.
	 * @return Nothing.
	 **/
	public void setEmail(String email) {
   
		this.email = email;
	}
	
}

【connect】
正如前面所说，这里主要实现数据库的连接，以及对数据库中的表进行增删改查的工作。我这里只写了插入和查找两个功能，其它功能比如删除也是同理写的。在DBConnect里，只要把xxxxx分别改成你的数据库的名字，用户名和密码就可以跑了。

package connect;
import java.sql.*;

/**
 * The DBConnect program implements a mySql connection simply 
 * connect the database and close it.
 * 
 * @author: 
 * @version: V1.0
 * @since: 2021-01-2
 **/

public class DBConnect {
   
	private Connection db = null;
	private PreparedStatement preparedstatement = null;
	private Statement statement = null;
	private ResultSet resultset = null;
	
	/**
	 * This is the constructor which loans the driver and connects the database.
	 * @param Nothing.
	 * @return Nothing.
	 * @exception Exception e on serve connection error.
	 **/
	public DBConnect() {
   
		final String JDBC_DRIVER = "com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver";  
	    final String DB_URL = "jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/XXXX";
	    final String USER = "XXXXX";
	    final String PASS = "XXXXX";
	    
		try {
   
			Class.forName(JDBC_DRIVER); // loan the driver
			db = DriverManager.getConnection(DB_URL,USER,PASS);
		} catch (Exception e) {
   
			System.out.println("Server connection error.");
			e.printStackTrace();
			closeDB();
		}
	}
	
	/**
	 * This function returns the connection.
	 * @param Nothing.
	 * @return connection This returns the connection.
	 **/
	public Connection getConnection() {
   return db;}
	
	/**
	 * This function closes the connection.
	 * @param Nothing.
	 * @return Nothing.
	 * @exception SQLException e on serve closing error.
	 **/
	public void closeDB() {