java-effective-Bulider

在有很多构造函数或者构造函数有很多参数的时候，可以使用Builder.

背景

曾经写过这样一段代码

Display display = new Display(bean.getShopNum(), bean.getShopDisplayNum(), bean.getFace(), bean.isEmptyFace(), bean.getCode(), bean.getMin(), bean.getMax(), bean.getDiffMin(), bean.getDiffMax(), bean.getDays(), bean.getShelf(), bean.getLevel());

新建了一个对象，里面传了很多参数，这样很有可能出错，建议使用Builder。

so，赶快了解下Builder 的应用场景。

主要问题及解决方案

上面代码的问题在于，构造函数有许多参数，在传入参数时候，如果某两个顺序出现问题，程序并不会报错。但最终结果却不是我们想要的。

----》 当然，我们可以使用javaBean，利用一系列的set方法，给成员变量赋值。但当有多个调用时，也能会导致javaBean处于不一致的状态，需要额外维护，确保线程安全。（另一个缺点是不能将类作为不可变对象）

----》Builder模式既能保证像构造函数一样的安全性，也可以保证向javaBean一样的可读性。不直接生成想要的对象，而是让客户端利用所有必要的参数调用构造器，得到一个builder对象。然后客户端在builder对象上调用类似于setter的方法，来设置每个相关的可选参数。最后，客户端调用无参的build方法来生成不可变的对象。

Effective java中的示例代码

最初版

public class NutritionFacts {
	private final int servingSize; // (mL) required
	private final int servings; // (per container) required
	private final int calories; // optional
	private final int fat; // (g) optional
	private final int sodium; // (mg) optional
	private final int carbohydrate; // (g) optional

	public NutritionFacts(int servingSize, int servings) {
		this(servingSize, servings, 0);
	}

	public NutritionFacts(int servingSize, int servings, int calories) {
		this(servingSize, servings, calories, 0);
	}

	public NutritionFacts(int servingSize, int servings, int calories, int fat) {
		this(servingSize, servings, calories, fat, 0);
	}

	public NutritionFacts(int servingSize, int servings, int calories, int fat,
			int sodium) {
		this(servingSize, servings, calories, fat, sodium, 0);
	}

	public NutritionFacts(int servingSize, int servings, int calories, int fat,
			int sodium, int carbohydrate) {
		this.servingSize = servingSize;
		this.servings = servings;
		this.calories = calories;
		this.fat = fat;
		this.sodium = sodium;
		this.carbohydrate = carbohydrate;
	}

	public static void main(String[] args) {
		NutritionFacts cocaCola = new NutritionFacts(240, 8, 100, 0, 35, 27);
	}
}

javaBean方法

public class NutritionFacts {
	// Parameters initialized to default values (if any)
	private int servingSize = -1; // Required; no default value
	private int servings = -1; // "     " "      "
	private int calories = 0;
	private int fat = 0;
	private int sodium = 0;
	private int carbohydrate = 0;

	public NutritionFacts() {
	}

	// Setters
	public void setServingSize(int val) {
		servingSize = val;
	}

	public void setServings(int val) {
		servings = val;
	}

	public void setCalories(int val) {
		calories = val;
	}

	public void setFat(int val) {
		fat = val;
	}

	public void setSodium(int val) {
		sodium = val;
	}

	public void setCarbohydrate(int val) {
		carbohydrate = val;
	}

	public static void main(String[] args) {
		NutritionFacts cocaCola = new NutritionFacts();
		cocaCola.setServingSize(240);
		cocaCola.setServings(8);
		cocaCola.setCalories(100);
		cocaCola.setSodium(35);
		cocaCola.setCarbohydrate(27);
	}
}

Builder方法

对于一些必需参数，使用了final

public class NutritionFacts {
	private final int servingSize;
	private final int servings;
	private final int calories;
	private final int fat;
	private final int sodium;
	private final int carbohydrate;

	public static class Builder {
		// Required parameters
		private final int servingSize;
		private final int servings;

		// Optional parameters - initialized to default values
		private int calories = 0;
		private int fat = 0;
		private int carbohydrate = 0;
		private int sodium = 0;

		public Builder(int servingSize, int servings) {
			this.servingSize = servingSize;
			this.servings = servings;
		}

		public Builder calories(int val) {
			calories = val;
			return this;
		}

		public Builder fat(int val) {
			fat = val;
			return this;
		}

		public Builder carbohydrate(int val) {
			carbohydrate = val;
			return this;
		}

		public Builder sodium(int val) {
			sodium = val;
			return this;
		}

		public NutritionFacts build() {
			return new NutritionFacts(this);
		}
	}

	private NutritionFacts(Builder builder) {
		servingSize = builder.servingSize;
		servings = builder.servings;
		calories = builder.calories;
		fat = builder.fat;
		sodium = builder.sodium;
		carbohydrate = builder.carbohydrate;
	}

	public static void main(String[] args) {
		NutritionFacts cocaCola = new NutritionFacts.Builder(240, 8)
				.calories(100).sodium(35).carbohydrate(27).build();
	}
}

Builder并不需要自己编写哇，可以使用lombok~