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Processor Microarchitecture An Implementation Perspective

As Moore’s law is expected to be valid for at least the next decade [212], the capability and complexity of digital devices will continue to grow. However, the growth in design productivity for digital circuits cannot keep up with the technological growth [136]. This gap represents a serious bottleneck for the implementation of new competitive devices. Especially for embedded digital circuits, a shift from hardware to software implementations is a solution to this issue. Increasing the software part of a design improves the design productivity due to the simplicity of the software implementation process and due to the increased design reuse factor.

多处理器架构技术的介绍文档。Chip multiprocessors — also called multi-core microprocessors or CMPs for short — are now the only way to build high-performance microprocessors, for a variety of reasons. Large uniprocessors are no longer scaling in performance, because it is only possible to extract a limited amount of parallelism from a typical instruction stream using conventional superscalar instruction issue techniques. In addition, one cannot simply ratchet up the clock speed on today’s processors, or the power dissipation will become prohibitive in all but water-cooled systems. Compounding these problems is the simple fact that with the immense numbers of transistors available on today’s microprocessor chips, it is too costly to design and debug ever-larger processors every year or two.