webdriverselenium_Xpath元素定位

Xpath元素定位

1. 使用id,class等属性进行xpath定位
   ‘//*[@id=“kw”]’ *为省略标签,[]内部为属性

2. 使用标签+属性定位
   避免多个元素属性名相同
   '//span[@class=“title-content-title”]'span为标签,[]内部为属性

3. 使用层级的方式
   ‘//ul[@class=“s-hotsearch-content”]/li’
   ‘//标签[@属性]/子标签’

4. 层级+索引的方式
   避免同一层级下面多个标签相同的元素
   ‘//ul[@class=“s-hotsearch-content”]/li[1]’
   ‘//标签[@属性]/子标签[序号从1开始]’

5. Xpath属性逻辑判断
   使用and or not的方式 同时满足多个属性要求
   '//*[@id="kw"and @name=“wd”]'要求id="kw"并且name=“wd”

6. Xpath模糊匹配
   “//*[contains(text(),‘新闻’)]”
   包含文字新闻

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-

"""
@Time        : 2021/5/19 14:14
@Auth        : jie.wang
@Email       : 1392147363@qq.com
@File        : 1.py
@Description : 关于xpath的相关使用方式
"""

from selenium import webdriver
import unittest
import time


class MyTest(unittest.TestCase):
    def setUp(self):
        self.driver = webdriver.Firefox()
        self.driver.implicitly_wait(30)
        self.driver.maximize_window()
        self.base_url = "https://www.baidu.com/"

    #使用id,class等属性
    def test_by_xpath01(self):
        driver = self.driver
        driver.get(self.base_url )
        try:
            ele=driver.find_element_by_xpath('//*[@id="kw"]')
        except Exception as e:
            print("定位失败,失败原因:{}".format(e))
            self.assertEqual(e, 1)
        else:
            print("xpath属性定位成功")


     # 使用标签+属性定位避免属性名相同
    def test_by_xpath02(self):
        driver = self.driver
        driver.get(self.base_url)
        try:
            ele = driver.find_element_by_xpath('//span[@class="title-content-title"]')
        except Exception as e:
            print("定位失败,失败原因:{}".format(e))
            self.assertEqual(e, 1)
        else:
            print("xpath标签+属性定位成功")
            ele.click()
            time.sleep(3)

     # 使用层级的方式
    def test_by_xpath03(self):
        driver = self.driver
        driver.get(self.base_url)
        try:
            ele = driver.find_element_by_xpath('//ul[@class="s-hotsearch-content"]/li')
        except Exception as e:
            print("定位失败,失败原因:{}".format(e))
            self.assertEqual(e, 1)
        else:
            print("xpath层级定位成功")
            ele.click()
            time.sleep(3)

    # 使用层级+索引的方式 避免同一层级下面多个标签相同的元素
    def test_by_xpath04(self):
        driver = self.driver
        driver.get(self.base_url)
        try:
            ele = driver.find_element_by_xpath('//ul[@class="s-hotsearch-content"]/li[1]')
        except Exception as e:
            print("定位失败,失败原因:{}".format(e))
            self.assertEqual(e, 1)
        else:
            print("xpath层级+索引定位成功")
            ele.click()
            time.sleep(3)

    # 使用and or not的方式 同时满足多个属性
    def test_by_xpath05(self):
        driver = self.driver
        driver.get(self.base_url)
        try:
            ele = driver.find_element_by_xpath('//*[@id="kw"and @name="wd"]')
        except Exception as e:
            print("定位失败,失败原因:{}".format(e))
            self.assertEqual(e, 1)
        else:
            print("属性and的方式定位成功")
            ele.click()
            time.sleep(3)

    # 模糊匹配
    def test_by_xpath06(self):
        driver = self.driver
        driver.get(self.base_url)
        try:
            ele = driver.find_element_by_xpath("//*[contains(text(),'新闻')]")
        except Exception as e:
            print("定位失败,失败原因:{}".format(e))
            self.assertEqual(e, 1)
        else:
            print("模糊匹配定位成功")
            ele.click()
            time.sleep(3)


    def tearDown(self):
        self.driver.quit()


if __name__=="__main__":
    unittest.main()