运行时权限从Android 6.0版本开始的,如果你的项目中 targetSdkVersion 大于等于23,那么你就必须要考虑动态权限了。
权限又分为普通权限和危险权限。普通权限如下:
android.permission.ACCESS LOCATIONEXTRA_COMMANDS
android.permission.ACCESS NETWORKSTATE
android.permission.ACCESS NOTIFICATIONPOLICY
android.permission.ACCESS WIFISTATE
android.permission.ACCESS WIMAXSTATE
android.permission.BLUETOOTH
android.permission.BLUETOOTH_ADMIN
android.permission.BROADCAST_STICKY
android.permission.CHANGE NETWORKSTATE
android.permission.CHANGE WIFIMULTICAST_STATE
android.permission.CHANGE WIFISTATE
android.permission.CHANGE WIMAXSTATE
android.permission.DISABLE_KEYGUARD
android.permission.EXPAND STATUSBAR
android.permission.FLASHLIGHT
android.permission.GET_ACCOUNTS
android.permission.GET PACKAGESIZE
android.permission.INTERNET
android.permission.KILL BACKGROUNDPROCESSES
android.permission.MODIFY AUDIOSETTINGS
android.permission.NFC
android.permission.READ SYNCSETTINGS
android.permission.READ SYNCSTATS
android.permission.RECEIVE BOOTCOMPLETED
android.permission.REORDER_TASKS
android.permission.REQUEST INSTALLPACKAGES
android.permission.SET TIMEZONE
android.permission.SET_WALLPAPER
android.permission.SET WALLPAPERHINTS
android.permission.SUBSCRIBED FEEDSREAD
android.permission.TRANSMIT_IR
android.permission.USE_FINGERPRINT
android.permission.VIBRATE
android.permission.WAKE_LOCK
android.permission.WRITE SYNCSETTINGS
com.android.alarm.permission.SET_ALARM
com.android.launcher.permission.INSTALL_SHORTCUT
com.android.launcher.permission.UNINSTALL_SHORTCUT
普通权限是当需要用到时,只需要在清单文件中声明就可。危险权限除了需要在清单文件中声明外,还需在代码中动态进行判断申请。
危险权限如下:
android.permission-group.CALENDAR
android.permission.READ_CALENDAR
android.permission.WRITE_CALENDAR
android.permission-group.CAMERA
android.permission.CAMERA
android.permission-group.CONTACTS
android.permission.READ_CONTACTS
android.permission.WRITE_CONTACTS
android.permission.GET_ACCOUNTS
android.permission-group.LOCATION
android.permission.ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION
android.permission.ACCESS_COARSE_LOCATION
android.permission-group.MICROPHONE
android.permission.RECORD_AUDIO
android.permission-group.PHONE
android.permission.READ_PHONE_STATE
android.permission.CALL_PHONE
android.permission.READ_CALL_LOG
android.permission.WRITE_CALL_LOG
com.android.voicemail.permission.ADD_VOICEMAIL
android.permission.USE_SIP
android.permission.PROCESS_OUTGOING_CALLS
android.permission-group.SENSORS
android.permission.BODY_SENSORS
android.permission-group.SMS
android.permission.SEND_SMS
android.permission.RECEIVE_SMS
android.permission.READ_SMS
android.permission.RECEIVE_WAP_PUSH
android.permission.RECEIVE_MMS
android.permission.READ_CELL_BROADCASTS
android.permission-group.STORAGE
android.permission.READ_EXTERNAL_STORAGE
android.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE
危险权限是按组划分的,每一组中当某一个权限被允许或者拒绝后,同一组的其他权限也相应的自动允许或者拒绝。
当targetSdkVersion大于等于23时,我们用到危险权限时,应按照这样的逻辑去处理。先判断当前应用是否具有权限,如果没有就去申请,当用户允许或者拒绝后,会回调相应的方法,我们在回调中处理自己的逻辑。
申请单个权限
在Activity/Fragment中,判断是否具有权限的方法是 checkSelfPermission(),申请权限的方法是requestPermissions(),然后用户允许或者拒绝后会回调方法onRequestPermissionsResult()。虽然Activity/Fragment提供了这些方法,如果我们用这些的话,要判断安卓版本是否大于等于23,代码如下:
if(Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.M){
//动态请求权限
}else{
//直接去调用代码
}
谷歌工程师当然考虑到了这些,于是给开发者提供了兼容包,在Activity/Fragment中用ContextCompat.checkSelfPermission()判断是否具有权限;
在Activity中用 ActivityCompat.requestPermissions()请求权限;
在Fragment中直接用 requestPermissions()请求权限,不要在前面加上ActivityCompat,否则会回调Fragment所在Activity的回调方法;