LeetCode刷题笔记--8. String to Integer (atoi)

8. String to Integer (atoi)

Medium

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Implement atoi which converts a string to an integer.

The function first discards as many whitespace characters as necessary until the first non-whitespace character is found. Then, starting from this character, takes an optional initial plus or minus sign followed by as many numerical digits as possible, and interprets them as a numerical value.

The string can contain additional characters after those that form the integral number, which are ignored and have no effect on the behavior of this function.

If the first sequence of non-whitespace characters in str is not a valid integral number, or if no such sequence exists because either str is empty or it contains only whitespace characters, no conversion is performed.

If no valid conversion could be performed, a zero value is returned.

Note:

• Only the space character ' ' is considered as whitespace character.
• Assume we are dealing with an environment which could only store integers within the 32-bit signed integer range: [−231,  231 − 1]. If the numerical value is out of the range of representable values, INT_MAX (231 − 1) or INT_MIN (−231) is returned.

Example 1:

Input: "42"
Output: 42

Example 2:

Input: "   -42"
Output: -42
Explanation: The first non-whitespace character is '-', which is the minus sign.
             Then take as many numerical digits as possible, which gets 42.

Example 3:

Input: "4193 with words"
Output: 4193
Explanation: Conversion stops at digit '3' as the next character is not a numerical digit.

Example 4:

Input: "words and 987"
Output: 0
Explanation: The first non-whitespace character is 'w', which is not a numerical 
             digit or a +/- sign. Therefore no valid conversion could be performed.

Example 5:

Input: "-91283472332"
Output: -2147483648
Explanation: The number "-91283472332" is out of the range of a 32-bit signed integer.
             Thefore INT_MIN (−231) is returned.

这道题submit了很多次才过，比较麻烦。有很多边界条件。比如说以下的case：

错误代码如下：

注意加减号不能同时出现，用else 来写“-”，如果有多个符号也是返回0的。

还有下面这个case也很恶心：

解决溢出的方法是定一个比正数最大值大1的数：

long long maxanswer=0x100000000;

然后在做循环时加进去判断。这里大于等于也是可以的。

下面一个case前面有很多空格：

这个需要做个循环，去掉这些空格：

while(str[i]==' ')
        {i++;}

总之坑很多。下面是完整通过的代码。

class Solution {
public:
    int myAtoi(string str) {
        int len=str.length();
        int i=0;
        long long ans=0;
        int max=0x7fffffff;
        int min=0x80000000;
        long long maxanswer=0x100000000;
        bool flag=false;
        while(str[i]==' ')
        {i++;}
        
        if(str[i]=='+')
        {i++;}
        else{
           if(str[i]=='-')
          {
              i++;
              flag=true;
           }
        }
        if(str[i]=='0')i++;
        for(i;i<str.length();i++)
        {
            if(str[i]<='9'&&str[i]>='0')
            {
                ans=ans*10+str[i]-'0';
                if(ans>maxanswer)ans=maxanswer;
                
            }
            else
            {break;}
        }
        if(flag){ans=-ans;}
        if(ans>max)return max;
        if(ans<min)return min;
        
        return ans;
    }
};