第一篇 linux中红黑树的具体实现及迁移，应用

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/vs349214897/article/details/50409659

这是该系列的第一篇文章，写作的目的：内心近段时间很混沌，学东西感觉很混乱，所以特开此篇用来1.有计划有目的保质保量的在循序渐进数据结构计算法

2.能够把阅读好的结构实现的一些内心真实想法呈现出来，也给自己更大的动力去完成

3.慢慢的扎扎实实的把一系列一系列的东西做好，相信会有收获

4.在完成这一系列的东西时，有所记录培养成就感，也当做对自己技术学习的一个索引

5.尽量试着尝试在github上上传有代表性的好的代码，多参与技术交流和技术论坛，防止一叶障目。

第一节 linux rbtree一览

__attribute__((aligned(sizeof(long))))//这里的代码意思是让GNU编译器设定对齐方式

2.x86是小端模式 如ox12345678存的地址可能就是

0x00000001           -- 78
0x00000002           -- 56
0x00000003           -- 34
0x00000004           -- 12

3.rbnode设置的是四字节对齐，所以parent指针的低两位总是为0，可以用来存储颜色位

4.rbtree中操作颜色位里面用到了大量的宏函数

5.http://www.tuicool.com/articles/a6j2Ib红黑树的基本介绍，及linux红黑树的迁移与小实例

6.http://blog.csdn.net/21aspnet/article/details/6729724关于字节对齐的详细介绍，可以用来理解__attribute__((aligned(sizeof(long))))

代码如下rbtree.h/*
  Red Black Trees
  (C) 1999  Andrea Arcangeli <andrea@suse.de>
  
  This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
  it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
  the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
  (at your option) any later version.

  This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
  but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
  MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
  GNU General Public License for more details.

  You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
  along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
  Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307  USA

  linux/include/linux/rbtree.h

  To use rbtrees you'll have to implement your own insert and search cores.
  This will avoid us to use callbacks and to drop drammatically performances.
  I know it's not the cleaner way,  but in C (not in C++) to get
  performances and genericity...

  Some example of insert and search follows here. The search is a plain
  normal search over an ordered tree. The insert instead must be implemented
  int two steps: as first thing the code must insert the element in
  order as a red leaf in the tree, then the support library function
  rb_insert_color() must be called. Such function will do the
  not trivial work to rebalance the rbtree if necessary.

-----------------------------------------------------------------------
static inline struct page * rb_search_page_cache(struct inode * inode,
						 unsigned long offset)
{
	struct rb_node * n = inode->i_rb_page_cache.rb_node;
	struct page * page;

	while (n)
	{
		page = rb_entry(n, struct page, rb_page_cache);

		if (offset < page->offset)
			n = n->rb_left;
		else if (offset > page->offset)
			n = n->rb_right;
		else
			return page;
	}
	return NULL;
}

static inline struct page * __rb_insert_page_cache(struct inode * inode,
						   unsigned long offset,
						   struct rb_node * node)
{
	struct rb_node ** p = &inode->i_rb_page_cache.rb_node;
	struct rb_node * parent = NULL;
	struct page * page;

	while (*p)
	{
		parent = *p;
		page = rb_entry(parent, struct page, rb_page_cache);

		if (offset < page->offset)
			p = &(*p)->rb_left;
		else if (offset > page->offset)
			p = &(*p)->rb_right;
		else
			return page;
	}

	rb_link_node(node, parent, p);

	return NULL;
}

static inline struct page * rb_insert_page_cache(struct inode * inode,
						 unsigned long offset,
						 struct rb_node * node)
{
	struct page * ret;
	if ((ret = __rb_insert_page_cache(inode, offset, node)))
		goto out;
	rb_insert_color(node, &inode->i_rb_page_cache);
 out:
	return ret;
}
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
*/

#ifndef	_LINUX_RBTREE_H
#define	_LINUX_RBTREE_H

#if defined(WIN32) && !defined(__cplusplus)

#define inline __inline

#endif

//#include <linux/kernel.h>
//#include <linux/stddef.h>

#define NULL 0

#define offsetof(TYPE, MEMBER) ((size_t) &((TYPE *)0)->MEMBER)

#define container_of(ptr, type, member) ({                \
    const typeof( ((type *)0)->member ) *__mptr = (ptr);  \
    (type *)( (char *)__mptr - offsetof(type,member) );})


struct rb_node
{
	unsigned long  rb_parent_color;
#define	RB_RED		0
#define	RB_BLACK	1
	struct rb_node *rb_right;
	struct rb_node *rb_left;
}   ;// __attribute__((aligned(sizeof(long))));//由于vc默认是4字节对齐所以 __attribute__((aligned(sizeof(long))))可省略
    /* The alignment might seem pointless, but allegedly CRIS needs it */

struct rb_root
{
	struct rb_node *rb_node;
};


#define rb_parent(r)   ((struct rb_node *)((r)->rb_parent_color & ~3))
#define rb_color(r)   ((r)->rb_parent_color & 1)
#define rb_is_red(r)   (!rb_color(r))
#define rb_is_black(r) rb_color(r)
#define rb_set_red(r)  do { (r)->rb_parent_color &= ~1; } while (0)
#define rb_set_black(r)  do { (r)->rb_parent_color |= 1; } while (0)

static inline void rb_set_parent(struct rb_node *rb, struct rb_node *p)
{
	rb->rb_parent_color = (rb->rb_parent_color & 3) | (unsigned long)p;
}
static inline void rb_set_color(struct rb_node *rb, int color)
{
	rb->rb_parent_color = (rb->rb_parent_color & ~1) | color;
}

#define RB_ROOT	(struct rb_root) { NULL, }
#define	rb_entry(ptr, type, member) container_of(ptr, type, member)

#define RB_EMPTY_ROOT(root)	((root)->rb_node == NULL)
#define RB_EMPTY_NODE(node)	(rb_parent(node) == node)
#define RB_CLEAR_NODE(node)	(rb_set_parent(node, node))

extern void rb_insert_color(struct rb_node *, struct rb_root *);
extern void rb_erase(struct rb_node *, struct rb_root *);

/* Find logical next and previous nodes in a tree */
extern struct rb_node *rb_next(struct rb_node *);
extern struct rb_node *rb_prev(struct rb_node *);
extern struct rb_node *rb_first(struct rb_root *);
extern struct rb_node *rb_last(struct rb_root *);

/* Fast replacement of a single node without remove/rebalance/add/rebalance */
extern void rb_replace_node(struct rb_node *victim, struct rb_node *_new, 
			    struct rb_root *root);

static inline void rb_link_node(struct rb_node * node, struct rb_node * parent,
				struct rb_node ** rb_link)
{
	node->rb_parent_color = (unsigned long )parent;
	node->rb_left = node->rb_right = NULL;

	*rb_link = node;
}

#endif	/* _LINUX_RBTREE_H */

rbtree.c/*
  Red Black Trees
  (C) 1999  Andrea Arcangeli <andrea@suse.de>
  (C) 2002  David Woodhouse <dwmw2@infradead.org>
  
  This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
  it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
  the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
  (at your option) any later version.

  This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
  but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
  MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
  GNU General Public License for more details.

  You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
  along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
  Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307  USA

  linux/lib/rbtree.c
*/

//#include <linux/rbtree.h>
//#include <linux/module.h>
#include"rbtree.h"

static void __rb_rotate_left(struct rb_node *node, struct rb_root *root)
{
	struct rb_node *right = node->rb_right;
	struct rb_node *parent = rb_parent(node);

	if ((node->rb_right = right->rb_left))
		rb_set_parent(right->rb_left, node);
	right->rb_left = node;

	rb_set_parent(right, parent);

	if (parent)
	{
		if (node == parent->rb_left)
			parent->rb_left = right;
		else
			parent->rb_right = right;
	}
	else
		root->rb_node = right;
	rb_set_parent(node, right);
}

static void __rb_rotate_right(struct rb_node *node, struct rb_root *root)
{
	struct rb_node *left = node->rb_left;
	struct rb_node *parent = rb_parent(node);

	if ((node->rb_left = left->rb_right))
		rb_set_parent(left->rb_right, node);
	left->rb_right = node;

	rb_set_parent(left, parent);

	if (parent)
	{
		if (node == parent->rb_right)
			parent->rb_right = left;
		else
			parent->rb_left = left;
	}
	else
		root->rb_node = left;
	rb_set_parent(node, left);
}

void rb_insert_color(struct rb_node *node, struct rb_root *root)
{
	struct rb_node *parent, *gparent;

	while ((parent = rb_parent(node)) && rb_is_red(parent))
	{
		gparent = rb_parent(parent);

		if (parent == gparent->rb_left)
		{
			{
				register struct rb_node *uncle = gparent->rb_right;
				if (uncle && rb_is_red(uncle))
				{
					rb_set_black(uncle);
					rb_set_black(parent);
					rb_set_red(gparent);
					node = gparent;
					continue;
				}
			}

			if (parent->rb_right == node)
			{
				register struct rb_node *tmp;
				__rb_rotate_left(parent, root);
				tmp = parent;
				parent = node;
				node = tmp;
			}

			rb_set_black(parent);
			rb_set_red(gparent);
			__rb_rotate_right(gparent, root);
		} else {
			{
				register struct rb_node *uncle = gparent->rb_left;
				if (uncle && rb_is_red(uncle))
				{
					rb_set_black(uncle);
					rb_set_black(parent);
					rb_set_red(gparent);
					node = gparent;
					continue;
				}
			}

			if (parent->rb_left == node)
			{
				register struct rb_node *tmp;
				__rb_rotate_right(parent, root);
				tmp = parent;
				parent = node;
				node = tmp;
			}

			rb_set_black(parent);
			rb_set_red(gparent);
			__rb_rotate_left(gparent, root);
		}
	}

	rb_set_black(root->rb_node);
}
//EXPORT_SYMBOL(rb_insert_color);

static void __rb_erase_color(struct rb_node *node, struct rb_node *parent,
			     struct rb_root *root)
{
	struct rb_node *other;

	while ((!node || rb_is_black(node)) && node != root->rb_node)
	{
		if (parent->rb_left == node)
		{
			other = parent->rb_right;
			if (rb_is_red(other))
			{
				rb_set_black(other);
				rb_set_red(parent);
				__rb_rotate_left(parent, root);
				other = parent->rb_right;
			}
			if ((!other->rb_left || rb_is_black(other->rb_left)) &&
			    (!other->rb_right || rb_is_black(other->rb_right)))
			{
				rb_set_red(other);
				node = parent;
				parent = rb_parent(node);
			}
			else
			{
				if (!other->rb_right || rb_is_black(other->rb_right))
				{
					struct rb_node *o_left;
					if ((o_left = other->rb_left))
						rb_set_black(o_left);
					rb_set_red(other);
					__rb_rotate_right(other, root);
					other = parent->rb_right;
				}
				rb_set_color(other, rb_color(parent));
				rb_set_black(parent);
				if (other->rb_right)
					rb_set_black(other->rb_right);
				__rb_rotate_left(parent, root);
				node = root->rb_node;
				break;
			}
		}
		else
		{
			other = parent->rb_left;
			if (rb_is_red(other))
			{
				rb_set_black(other);
				rb_set_red(parent);
				__rb_rotate_right(parent, root);
				other = parent->rb_left;
			}
			if ((!other->rb_left || rb_is_black(other->rb_left)) &&
			    (!other->rb_right || rb_is_black(other->rb_right)))
			{
				rb_set_red(other);
				node = parent;
				parent = rb_parent(node);
			}
			else
			{
				if (!other->rb_left || rb_is_black(other->rb_left))
				{
					register struct rb_node *o_right;
					if ((o_right = other->rb_right))
						rb_set_black(o_right);
					rb_set_red(other);
					__rb_rotate_left(other, root);
					other = parent->rb_left;
				}
				rb_set_color(other, rb_color(parent));
				rb_set_black(parent);
				if (other->rb_left)
					rb_set_black(other->rb_left);
				__rb_rotate_right(parent, root);
				node = root->rb_node;
				break;
			}
		}
	}
	if (node)
		rb_set_black(node);
}

void rb_erase(struct rb_node *node, struct rb_root *root)
{
	struct rb_node *child, *parent;
	int color;

	if (!node->rb_left)
		child = node->rb_right;
	else if (!node->rb_right)
		child = node->rb_left;
	else
	{
		struct rb_node *old = node, *left;

		node = node->rb_right;
		while ((left = node->rb_left) != NULL)
			node = left;
		child = node->rb_right;
		parent = rb_parent(node);
		color = rb_color(node);

		if (child)
			rb_set_parent(child, parent);
		if (parent == old) {
			parent->rb_right = child;
			parent = node;
		} else
			parent->rb_left = child;

		node->rb_parent_color = old->rb_parent_color;
		node->rb_right = old->rb_right;
		node->rb_left = old->rb_left;

		if (rb_parent(old))
		{
			if (rb_parent(old)->rb_left == old)
				rb_parent(old)->rb_left = node;
			else
				rb_parent(old)->rb_right = node;
		} else
			root->rb_node = node;

		rb_set_parent(old->rb_left, node);
		if (old->rb_right)
			rb_set_parent(old->rb_right, node);
		goto color;
	}

	parent = rb_parent(node);
	color = rb_color(node);

	if (child)
		rb_set_parent(child, parent);
	if (parent)
	{
		if (parent->rb_left == node)
			parent->rb_left = child;
		else
			parent->rb_right = child;
	}
	else
		root->rb_node = child;

 color:
	if (color == RB_BLACK)
		__rb_erase_color(child, parent, root);
}
//EXPORT_SYMBOL(rb_erase);

/*
 * This function returns the first node (in sort order) of the tree.
 */
struct rb_node *rb_first(struct rb_root *root)
{
	struct rb_node	*n;

	n = root->rb_node;
	if (!n)
		return NULL;
	while (n->rb_left)
		n = n->rb_left;
	return n;
}
//EXPORT_SYMBOL(rb_first);

struct rb_node *rb_last(struct rb_root *root)
{
	struct rb_node	*n;

	n = root->rb_node;
	if (!n)
		return NULL;
	while (n->rb_right)
		n = n->rb_right;
	return n;
}
//EXPORT_SYMBOL(rb_last);

struct rb_node *rb_next(struct rb_node *node)
{
	struct rb_node *parent;

	if (rb_parent(node) == node)
		return NULL;

	/* If we have a right-hand child, go down and then left as far
	   as we can. */
	if (node->rb_right) {
		node = node->rb_right; 
		while (node->rb_left)
			node=node->rb_left;
		return node;
	}

	/* No right-hand children.  Everything down and left is
	   smaller than us, so any 'next' node must be in the general
	   direction of our parent. Go up the tree; any time the
	   ancestor is a right-hand child of its parent, keep going
	   up. First time it's a left-hand child of its parent, said
	   parent is our 'next' node. */
	while ((parent = rb_parent(node)) && node == parent->rb_right)
		node = parent;

	return parent;
}
//EXPORT_SYMBOL(rb_next);

struct rb_node *rb_prev(struct rb_node *node)
{
	struct rb_node *parent;

	if (rb_parent(node) == node)
		return NULL;

	/* If we have a left-hand child, go down and then right as far
	   as we can. */
	if (node->rb_left) {
		node = node->rb_left; 
		while (node->rb_right)
			node=node->rb_right;
		return node;
	}

	/* No left-hand children. Go up till we find an ancestor which
	   is a right-hand child of its parent */
	while ((parent = rb_parent(node)) && node == parent->rb_left)
		node = parent;

	return parent;
}
//EXPORT_SYMBOL(rb_prev);

void rb_replace_node(struct rb_node *victim, struct rb_node *_new,
		     struct rb_root *root)
{
	struct rb_node *parent = rb_parent(victim);

	/* Set the surrounding nodes to point to the replacement */
	if (parent) {
		if (victim == parent->rb_left)
			parent->rb_left = _new;
		else
			parent->rb_right = _new;
	} else {
		root->rb_node = _new;
	}
	if (victim->rb_left)
		rb_set_parent(victim->rb_left, _new);
	if (victim->rb_right)
		rb_set_parent(victim->rb_right, _new);

	/* Copy the pointers/colour from the victim to the replacement */
	*_new = *victim;
}
//EXPORT_SYMBOL(rb_replace_node);

rbtreetest.c

// rbtreeTest.cpp : 定义控制台应用程序的入口点。
//

#include "stdafx.h"

#include "rbtree.c"

#include <string.h>
#include <malloc.h>

#define FALSE 0;
#define TRUE 1;

struct mytype
{
	char* keystring;
	rb_node node;

};


#define list_entry(ptr, type, member) \
        ((type *)((char *)(ptr)-(unsigned long)(&((type *)0)->member)))



struct mytype *my_search(struct rb_root *root, char *string)
{
	  struct rb_node *node = root->rb_node;
	  while (node)
	  {
		struct mytype *data = list_entry(node, struct mytype, node);
		int result = strcmp(string, data->keystring);
		if (result < 0)
		  node = node->rb_left;
		else if (result > 0)
		  node = node->rb_right;
		else
		  return data;
	  }
	  return NULL;
}

int my_insert(struct rb_root *root, struct mytype *data)
{
  struct rb_node **_new = &(root->rb_node), *parent = NULL;

  /* Figure out where to put new node */
  while (*_new)
  {
    struct mytype *_this = list_entry(*_new, struct mytype, node);
	//{                \
 //   const typeof( ((type *)0)->member ) *__mptr = (ptr);  \
 //   (type *)( (char *)__mptr - offsetof(type,member) );}
	

    int result = strcmp(data->keystring, _this->keystring);

    parent = *_new;
    if (result < 0)
      _new = &((*_new)->rb_left);
    else if (result > 0)
      _new = &((*_new)->rb_right);
    else
      return FALSE;
  }

  /* Add new node and rebalance tree. */
  rb_link_node(&data->node, parent, _new);
  rb_insert_color(&data->node, root);

  return TRUE;
}

//struct mytype *data = my_search(&mytree, "walrus");
//if (data)
//{
//  rb_erase(&data->node, &mytree);
//  myfree(data);
//}


int _tmain(int argc, _TCHAR* argv[])
{
	
	//rb_root* root=(rb_root*)malloc(sizeof(rb_root));
	//root->rb_node=(struct rb_node*)malloc(sizeof(struct rb_node));
	//root->rb_node->rb_left=(struct rb_node*)malloc(sizeof(struct rb_node));
	//root->rb_node->rb_left->rb_left=nullptr;
	//root->rb_node->rb_right=(struct rb_node*)malloc(sizeof(struct rb_node));
	//root->rb_node->rb_left->rb_right=nullptr;

	rb_root* root=(rb_root*)malloc(sizeof(rb_root));
	struct mytype* first_mytype=(struct mytype*)malloc(sizeof(struct mytype));
	root->rb_node=&first_mytype->node;
	first_mytype->keystring="nihao";
	root->rb_node->rb_left=nullptr;
	root->rb_node->rb_right=nullptr;

	//struct rb_node my_node=(struct rb_node*)malloc(sizeof(struct rb_node));
	struct mytype* my=(struct mytype*)malloc(sizeof(struct mytype));
	my->keystring="zhangsan";

	struct mytype* my2=(struct mytype*)malloc(sizeof(struct mytype));
	my2->keystring="lisi";


	my_insert(root,my);
	my_insert(root,my2);
	char* s="lisi1";
	struct mytype* my1 =my_search(root,s);
	printf("shi%s",my1->keystring);

	return 0;
}