最近项目中有小伙伴找到我,问我“为啥他写的页面第一次进去可以触发 onCreate
函数,第二次再进的时候就不触发了呢?”(因为我们项目是一个大型的项目,每个开发可能只接触到自己开发的一小部分),然后我就说你可以试着在 activated
钩子函数中做处理,然后他又接着问我“activated 钩子函数又是怎么调用的呢?”,ok!这小子是问上瘾了,我们下面就来详细解析一下。
keep-alive
<keep-alive>
包裹动态组件时,会缓存不活动的组件实例,而不是销毁它们。和 <transition>
相似,<keep-alive>
是一个抽象组件:它自身不会渲染一个 DOM 元素,也不会出现在组件的父组件链中。
当组件在 <keep-alive>
内被切换,它的 activated
和 deactivated
这两个生命周期钩子函数将会被对应执行。
在 2.2.0 及其更高版本中,
activated
和deactivated
将会在<keep-alive>
树内的所有嵌套组件中触发。
主要用于保留组件状态或避免重新渲染。
为了更好的来解析 <keep-alive>
,我们 copy 到一份源码(vue@^2.6.10),vue/src/core/components/keep-alive.js
:
/* @flow */
import {
isRegExp, remove } from 'shared/util'
import {
getFirstComponentChild } from 'core/vdom/helpers/index'
type VNodeCache = {
[key: string]: ?VNode };
function getComponentName (opts: ?VNodeComponentOptions): ?string {
return opts && (opts.Ctor.options.name || opts.tag)
}
function matches (pattern: string | RegExp | Array<string>, name: string): boolean {
if (Array.isArray(pattern)) {
return pattern.indexOf(name) > -1
} else if (typeof pattern === 'string') {
return pattern.split(',').indexOf(name) > -1
} else if (isRegExp(pattern)) {
return pattern.test(name)
}
/* istanbul ignore next */
return false
}
function pruneCache (keepAliveInstance: any, filter: Function) {
const {
cache, keys, _vnode } = keepAliveInstance
for (const key in cache) {
const cachedNode: ?VNode = cache[key]
if (cachedNode) {
const name: ?string = getComponentName(cachedNode.componentOptions)
if (name && !filter(name)) {
pruneCacheEntry(cache, key, keys, _vnode)
}
}
}
}
function pruneCacheEntry (
cache: VNodeCache,
key: string,
keys: Array<string>,
current?: VNode
) {
const cached = cache[key]
if (cached && (!current || cached.tag !== current.tag)) {
cached.componentInstance.$destroy()
}
cache[key] = null
remove(keys, key)
}
const patternTypes: Array<Function> = [String, RegExp, Array]
export default {
name: 'keep-alive',
abstract: true,
props: {
include: patternTypes,
exclude: patternTypes,
max: [String, Number]
},
created () {
this.cache = Object.create(null)
this.keys = []
},
destroyed () {
for (const key in this.cache) {
pruneCacheEntry(this.cache, key, this.keys)
}
},
mounted () {
this.$watch('include', val => {
pruneCache(this, name => matches(val, name))
})
this.$watch('exclude', val => {
pruneCache(this, name => !matches(val, name))
})
},
render () {
const slot = this.$slots.default
const vnode: VNode = getFirstComponentChild(slot) // 获取第一个子节点
const componentOptions: ?VNodeComponentOptions = vnode && vnode.componentOptions
if (componentOptions) {
// check pattern
const name: ?string = getComponentName(componentOptions) // 获取节点的名称
const {
include, exclude } = this
if (
// not included
(include && (!name || !matches(include, name))) ||
// excluded
(exclude && name && matches(exclude, name)) // 不在范围内的节点将不会被缓存
) {
return vnode
}
const {
cache, keys } = this
const key: ?string = vnode.key == null
// same constructor may get registered as different local components
// so cid alone is not enough (#3269)
? componentOptions.Ctor.cid + (componentOptions.tag ? `::${
componentOptions.tag}` : '')
: vnode.key // 获取缓存的 key 值
if (cache[key]) {
// 如果有缓存就使用缓存
vnode.componentInstance = cache[key].componentInstance
// make current key freshest
remove(keys, key)
keys.push(key)
} else {
// 没有缓存就将当前节点加入到缓存
cache[key] = vnode
keys.push(key)
// prune oldest entry
if (this.max && keys.length > parseInt(this.max)) {
// 如果缓存超过最大限制将不再缓存
pruneCacheEntry(cache, keys[0], keys,