Linux 串口驱动相关

Linux串口驱动相关主要涉及3个重要的结构体，uart_driver，uart_port，uart_ops。本文主要以msm8917平台分析, 先贴dts相关代码

	blsp1_uart2: serial@78b0000 {
   
		compatible = "qcom,msm-lsuart-v14";
		reg = <0x78b0000 0x200>;
		interrupts = <0 108 0>;
		status = "disabled";
		clocks = <&clock_gcc clk_gcc_blsp1_uart2_apps_clk>,
		<&clock_gcc clk_gcc_blsp1_ahb_clk>;
		clock-names = "core_clk", "iface_clk";
	};

几个重要结构体定义

uart_driver封装了tty_driver，使底层uart驱动不用关心tty_driver。一个tty驱动程序必须注册/注销 tty_driver，而uart驱动则变为注册/注销uart_driver。使用如下接口:

int uart_register_driver(struct uart_driver *drv);
void uart_unregister_driver(struct uart_driver *drv);

实际上，uart_register_driver()和uart_unregister_driver()中分别包含了tty_register_driver()和tty_unregister_driver()的操作。
uart_driver的定义

struct uart_driver {
   
    struct module       *owner;
    const char      *driver_name;
    const char      *dev_name;
    int          major;
    int          minor;
    int          nr;
    struct console      *cons;

    /*
     * these are private; the low level driver should not
     * touch these; they should be initialised to NULL
     */
    struct uart_state   *state;
    struct tty_driver   *tty_driver;
};

对应高通平台的代码

static struct uart_driver msm_hsl_uart_driver = {
   
	.owner = THIS_MODULE,
	.driver_name = "msm_serial_hsl",
	.dev_name = "ttyHSL",
	.nr = UART_NR,
	.cons = MSM_HSL_CONSOLE,
};

其中uart_driver中的uart_state比较重要,在uart_register_driver中为state分配了内存

/*
 * This is the state information which is persistent across opens.
 */
struct uart_state {
   
	struct tty_port		port;

	enum uart_pm_state	pm_state;
	struct circ_buf		xmit;

	struct uart_port	*uart_port;
};

uart_port用于描述一个UART端口（直接对应于一个串口）的I/O端口或I/O内存地址、FIFO大小、端口类型等信息。串口核心层提供如下函数来添加1个端口：

int uart_add_one_port(struct uart_driver *drv, struct uart_port *port);

对上述函数的调用应该发生在uart_register_driver()之后，uart_add_one_port()的一个最重要作用是封装了 tty_register_device()。
uart_add_one_port()的“反函数”是uart_remove_one_port()，其中会调用tty_unregister_device()，原型为：

int uart_remove_one_port(struct uart_driver *drv, struct uart_port *port);

uart_port定义

struct uart_port {
   
	spinlock_t		lock;			/* port lock */
	unsigned long		iobase;			/* in/out[bwl] */
	unsigned char __iomem	*membase;		/* read/write[bwl] */
	unsigned int		(*serial_in)(struct uart_port *, int);
	void			(*serial_out)(struct uart_port *, int, int);
	void			(*set_termios)(struct uart_port *,
				               struct ktermios *new,
				               struct ktermios *old);
	int			(*startup)(struct uart_port *port);
	void			(*shutdown)(struct uart_port *port);
	void			(*throttle)(struct uart_port *port);
	void			(*unthrottle)(struct uart_port *port);
	int			(*handle_irq)(struct uart_port *);
	void			(*pm)(struct uart_port *, unsigned int state,
				      unsigned int old);
	void			(*handle_break)(struct uart_port *);
	unsigned int		irq;			/* irq number */
	unsigned long		irqflags;		/* irq flags  */
	unsigned int		uartclk;		/* base uart clock */
	unsigned int		fifosize;		/* tx fifo size */
	unsigned char		x_char;			/* xon/xoff char */
	unsigned char		regshift;		/* reg offset shift */
	unsigned char		iotype;			/* io access style */
	unsigned char		unused1;

#define UPIO_PORT		(0)
#define UPIO_HUB6		(1)
#define UPIO_MEM		(2)
#define UPIO_MEM32		(3)
#define UPIO_AU			(4)			/* Au1x00 and RT288x type IO */
#define UPIO_TSI		(5)			/* Tsi108/109 type IO */

	unsigned int		read_status_mask;	/* driver specific */
	unsigned int		ignore_status_mask;	/* driver specific */
	struct uart_state	*state;			/* pointer to parent state */
	struct uart_icount	icount;			/* statistics */

	struct console		*cons;			/* struct console, if any */
#if defined(CONFIG_SERIAL_CORE_CONSOLE) || defined(SUPPORT_SYSRQ)
	unsigned long		sysrq;			/* sysrq timeout */
#endif

	/* flags must be updated while holding port mutex */
	upf_t			flags;

#define UPF_FOURPORT		((__force upf_t) (1 << 1))
#define UPF_SAK			((__force upf_t) (1 << 2))
#define UPF_SPD_MASK		((__force upf_t) (0x1030))
#define UPF_SPD_HI		((__force upf_t) (0x0010))
#define UPF_SPD_VHI		((__force upf_t) (0x0020))
#define UPF_SPD_CUST		((__force upf_t) (0x0030))
#define UPF_SPD_SHI		((__force upf_t) (0x1000))
#define UPF_SPD_WARP		((__force upf_t) (0x1010))
#define UPF_SKIP_TEST		((__force upf_t) (1 << 6))
#define UPF_AUTO_IRQ		((__force upf_t) (1 << 7))
#define UPF_HARDPPS_CD		((__force upf_t) (1 << 11))
#define UPF_LOW_LATENCY		((__force upf_t) (1 << 13))
#define UPF_BUGGY_UART		((__force upf_t) (1 << 14))
#define UPF_NO_TXEN_TEST	((__force upf_t) (1 << 15))
#define UPF_MAGIC_MULTIPLIER	((__force upf_t) (1 << 16))
/* Port has hardware-assisted h/w flow control (iow, auto-RTS *not* auto-CTS) */
#define UPF_HARD_FLOW		((__force upf_t) (1 << 21))
/* Port has hardware-assisted s/w flow control */
#define UPF_SOFT_FLOW		((__force upf_t) (1 << 22))
#define UPF_CONS_FLOW		((__force upf_t) (1 << 23))
#define UPF_SHARE_IRQ		((__force upf_t) (1 << 24))
#define UPF_EXAR_EFR		((__force upf_t) (1 << 25))
#define UPF_BUG_THRE		((__force upf_t) (1 << 26))
/* The exact UART type is known and should not be probed.  */
#define UPF_FIXED_TYPE		((__force upf_t) (1 << 27))
#define UPF_BOOT_AUTOCONF	((__force upf_t) (1 << 28))
#define UPF_FIXED_PORT		((__force upf_t) (1 << 29))
#define UPF_DEAD		((__force upf_t) (1 << 30))
#define UPF_IOREMAP		((__force upf_t) (1 << 31))

#define UPF_CHANGE_MASK		((__force upf_t) (0x17fff))
#define UPF_USR_MASK		((__force upf_t) (UPF_SPD_MASK|UPF_LOW_LATENCY))

	/* status must be updated while holding port lock */
	upstat_t		status;

#define UPSTAT_CTS_ENABLE	((__force upstat_t) (1 << 0))
#define UPSTAT_DCD_ENABLE	((__force upstat_t) (1 << 1))

	int			hw_stopped;		/* sw-assisted CTS flow state */
	unsigned int		mctrl;			/* current modem ctrl settings */
	unsigned int		timeout;		/* character-based timeout */
	unsigned int		type;			/* port type */
	const struct uart_ops	*ops;
	unsigned int		custom_divisor;
	unsigned int		line;			/* port index */
	resource_size_t		mapbase;		/* for ioremap */
	struct device		*dev;			/* parent device */
	unsigned char		hub6;			/* this should be in the 8250 driver */
	unsigned char		suspended;
	unsigned char		irq_wake;
	unsigned char		unused[2];
	struct attribute_group	*attr_group;		/* port specific attributes */
	const struct attribute_group *