菱形继承-2

菱形继承-3

如果inheritClass_1和inheritClass_2都是虚继承baseClass，然后被inheritClass_3继承（非虚继承）这样就能解决二义性问题。如果inheritClass_1或inheritClass_2只有一个虚继承baseClass，另一个为普通继承，然后被inheritClass_3继承（非虚继承），只有又会这样呢？代码如下：

#include "iostream"
using namespace std;

class baseClass
{
private:
    int i;
    char c;
public:
    virtual void virt_fun1(){ cout << "baseClass virt_fun1" << endl; }
    virtual void virt_fun2(){ cout << "baseClass virt_fun2" << endl; }
    void comm_fun1(){ cout << "baseClass comm_fun1" << endl; }
    void comm_fun2(){ cout << "baseClass comm_fun2" << endl; }
    baseClass() { cout << "tihs is baseClass" << endl; }
    ~baseClass() { cout << "~~ baseClass" << endl; }
};

class inheritClass_1 : public virtual baseClass
{
private:
    char c;
public:
    virtual void virt_fun1(){ cout << "inheritClass virt_fun1" << endl; }
    virtual void virt_fun3(){ cout << "inheritClass virt_fun2" << endl; }
    inheritClass_1() { cout << "tihs is inheritClass_1" << endl; }
    ~inheritClass_1() { cout << "~~ inheritClass_1" << endl; }
};

class inheritClass_2 : public baseClass
{
private:
    char c;
public:
    virtual void virt_fun2(){ cout << "inheritClass virt_fun1" << endl; }
    virtual void virt_fun3(){ cout << "inheritClass virt_fun2" << endl; }
    inheritClass_2() { cout << "tihs is inheritClass_2" << endl; }
    ~inheritClass_2() { cout << "~~ inheritClass_2" << endl; }
};

class inheritClass_3 : public inheritClass_1, public inheritClass_2
{
private:
    char c;
public:
    virtual void virt_fun1(){ cout << "inheritClass virt_fun1" << endl; }
    virtual void virt_fun2(){ cout << "inheritClass virt_fun2" << endl; }
    virtual void virt_fun3(){ cout << "inheritClass virt_fun2" << endl; }
    inheritClass_3() { cout << "tihs is inheritClass_3" << endl; }
    ~inheritClass_3() { cout << "~~ inheritClass_3" << endl; }
};

int _tmain(int argc, _TCHAR* argv[])
{
    inheritClass_3 a;

    return 0;
}

依旧存在二义性，程序执行结果如下：

inheritClass_3占用48字节内存，内存分布如下：

1：由于inheritClass_1为虚继承，所以inheritClass_1的baseClass位于内存最高位
2：由于inheritClass_2为普通继承，所以inheritClass_2的baseClass位于内存低位
3：由于inheritClass_3同时继承于inheritClass_1和inheritClass_2，所以inheritClass_3内存分布如上

菱形继承-4

如果inheritClass_1和inheritClass_2都是虚继承baseClass，然后被inheritClass_3继承（非虚继承）这样就能解决二义性问题。如果inheritClass_1和inheritClass_2都是虚继承baseClass，然后被inheritClass_3同时虚继承，又会如何？

#include "iostream"
using namespace std;

class baseClass
{
private:
    int i;
    char c;
public:
    virtual void virt_fun1(){ cout << "baseClass virt_fun1" << endl; }
    virtual void virt_fun2(){ cout << "baseClass virt_fun2" << endl; }
    void comm_fun1(){ cout << "baseClass comm_fun1" << endl; }
    void comm_fun2(){ cout << "baseClass comm_fun2" << endl; }
    baseClass() { cout << "tihs is baseClass" << endl; }
    ~baseClass() { cout << "~~ baseClass" << endl; }
};

class inheritClass_1 : public virtual baseClass
{
private:
    char c;
public:
    virtual void virt_fun1(){ cout << "inheritClass virt_fun1" << endl; }
    virtual void virt_fun3(){ cout << "inheritClass virt_fun2" << endl; }
    inheritClass_1() { cout << "tihs is inheritClass_1" << endl; }
    ~inheritClass_1() { cout << "~~ inheritClass_1" << endl; }
};

class inheritClass_2 : public virtual baseClass
{
private:
    char c;
public:
    virtual void virt_fun2(){ cout << "inheritClass virt_fun1" << endl; }
    virtual void virt_fun3(){ cout << "inheritClass virt_fun2" << endl; }
    inheritClass_2() { cout << "tihs is inheritClass_2" << endl; }
    ~inheritClass_2() { cout << "~~ inheritClass_2" << endl; }
};

class inheritClass_3 : public virtual inheritClass_1, public virtual inheritClass_2
{
private:
    char c;
public:
    virtual void virt_fun1(){ cout << "inheritClass virt_fun1" << endl; }
    virtual void virt_fun2(){ cout << "inheritClass virt_fun2" << endl; }
    virtual void virt_fun3(){ cout << "inheritClass virt_fun2" << endl; }
    inheritClass_3() { cout << "tihs is inheritClass_3" << endl; }
    ~inheritClass_3() { cout << "~~ inheritClass_3" << endl; }
};

int _tmain(int argc, _TCHAR* argv[])
{
    inheritClass_3 a;

    return 0;
}

此时也没有问题，程序运行结果如下：

inheritClass_3占用56字节内存，内存分布如下：

从内存分布看：
1：由于inheritClass_3虚继承inheritClass_1和inheritClass_2，所以inheritClass_3的成员位于最低地址处
2：疑问，为何baseClass的地址低于inheritClass_1和inheritClass_2呢？

菱形继承-5

如果inheritClass_1和inheritClass_2都是虚继承baseClass，然后被inheritClass_3虚继承其中一个，又会怎样呢？

#include "iostream"
using namespace std;

class baseClass
{
private:
    int i;
    char c;
public:
    virtual void virt_fun1(){ cout << "baseClass virt_fun1" << endl; }
    virtual void virt_fun2(){ cout << "baseClass virt_fun2" << endl; }
    void comm_fun1(){ cout << "baseClass comm_fun1" << endl; }
    void comm_fun2(){ cout << "baseClass comm_fun2" << endl; }
    baseClass() { cout << "tihs is baseClass" << endl; }
    ~baseClass() { cout << "~~ baseClass" << endl; }
};

class inheritClass_1 : public virtual baseClass
{
private:
    char c;
public:
    virtual void virt_fun1(){ cout << "inheritClass virt_fun1" << endl; }
    virtual void virt_fun3(){ cout << "inheritClass virt_fun2" << endl; }
    inheritClass_1() { cout << "tihs is inheritClass_1" << endl; }
    ~inheritClass_1() { cout << "~~ inheritClass_1" << endl; }
};

class inheritClass_2 : public virtual baseClass
{
private:
    char c;
public:
    virtual void virt_fun2(){ cout << "inheritClass virt_fun1" << endl; }
    virtual void virt_fun3(){ cout << "inheritClass virt_fun2" << endl; }
    inheritClass_2() { cout << "tihs is inheritClass_2" << endl; }
    ~inheritClass_2() { cout << "~~ inheritClass_2" << endl; }
};

class inheritClass_3 : public virtual inheritClass_1, public inheritClass_2
{
private:
    char c;
public:
    virtual void virt_fun1(){ cout << "inheritClass virt_fun1" << endl; }
    virtual void virt_fun2(){ cout << "inheritClass virt_fun2" << endl; }
    virtual void virt_fun3(){ cout << "inheritClass virt_fun2" << endl; }
    inheritClass_3() { cout << "tihs is inheritClass_3" << endl; }
    ~inheritClass_3() { cout << "~~ inheritClass_3" << endl; }
};

int _tmain(int argc, _TCHAR* argv[])
{
    inheritClass_3 a;

    return 0;
}

依旧没有问题，程序执行如下：

inheritClass_3占用48字节内存，内存分布如下：

从内存分布可以看出：
1：非虚继（inheritClass_2）的地址低于虚继承（inheritClass_1）的地址
2：非虚继承与虚继承同时存在时，派生类的成员（inheritClass_3）位于最高位（非虚继承导致）