无涯教程：Laravel 8 - 任务调度介绍

本教程将为您提供有关如何在laravel 8中创建cron作业的简单示例。

步骤1:安装Laravel 8

在此步骤中，如果您还没有laravel 8应用程序设置，那么我们必须获取最新的laravel 8应用程序。

composer create-project --prefer-dist laravel/laravel blog

步骤2:创建命令

在这一步中，我们需要创建我们的自定义命令。自定义命令将与任务调度scron作业一起执行。

php artisan make:command DemoCron --command=demo:cron

现在对命令文件进行一些更改。

app/Console/Commands/DemoCron.php

<?php
   
namespace App\Console\Commands;
   
use Illuminate\Console\Command;
   
class DemoCron extends Command
{
    /**
     * The name and signature of the console command.
     *
     * @var string
     */
    protected $signature = 'demo:cron';
    
    /**
     * The console command description.
     *
     * @var string
     */
    protected $description = 'Command description';
    
    /**
     * Create a new command instance.
     *
     * @return void
     */
    public function __construct()
    {
        parent::__construct();
    }
    
    /**
     * Execute the console command.
     *
     * @return mixed
     */
    public function handle()
    {
        \Log::info("Cron is working fine!");
     
        /*
           Write your database logic we bellow:
           Item::create(['name'=>'hello new']);
        */
    }
}

步骤3:注册为任务调度程序

在此步骤中，需要在Kernel.php文件上定义我们执行时间的命令:

->everyMinute();	Run the task every minute
->everyFiveMinutes();	Run the task every five minutes
->everyTenMinutes();	Run the task every ten minutes
->everyFifteenMinutes();	Run the task every fifteen minutes
->everyThirtyMinutes();	Run the task every thirty minutes
->hourly();	Run the task every hour
->hourlyAt(17);	Run the task every hour at 17 mins past the hour
->daily();	Run the task every day at midnight
->dailyAt(’13:00′);	Run the task every day at 13:00
->twiceDaily(1, 13);	Run the task daily at 1:00 & 13:00
->weekly();	Run the task every week
->weeklyOn(1, ‘8:00’);	Run the task every week on Tuesday at 8:00
->monthly();	Run the task every month
->monthlyOn(4, ’15:00′);	Run the task every month on the 4th at 15:00
->quarterly();	Run the task every quarter
->yearly();	Run the task every year
->timezone(‘America/New_York’);	Set the timezone

app/Console/Kernel.php

<?php
   
namespace App\Console;
    
use Illuminate\Console\Scheduling\Schedule;
use Illuminate\Foundation\Console\Kernel as ConsoleKernel;
    
class Kernel extends ConsoleKernel
{
    /**
     * The Artisan commands provided by your application.
     *
     * @var array
     */
    protected $commands = [
        Commands\DemoCron::class，
    ];
     
    /**
     * Define the application's command schedule.
     *
     * @param  \Illuminate\Console\Scheduling\Schedule  $schedule
     * @return void
     */
    protected function schedule(Schedule $schedule)
    {
        $schedule->command('demo:cron')
                 ->everyMinute();
    }
     
    /**
     * Register the commands for the application.
     *
     * @return void
     */
    protected function commands()
    {
        $this->load(__DIR__.'/Commands');
     
        require base_path('routes/console.php');
    }
}

步骤4:运行scheduler命令以进行测试

现在我们已准备好运行我们的Cron，因此您可以使用以下命令手动检查您的Cron命令。

php artisan schedule:run

运行以上命令后，您可以检查我们已打印一些文本的日志文件。

storage/logs/laravel.php

[2019-04-24 03:46:42] local.INFO: Cron is working fine!  
[2019-04-24 03:46:52] local.INFO: Cron is working fine!  
[2019-04-24 03:46:55] local.INFO: Cron is working fine!  
  

最后，您可以在调度任务上管理此命令，您必须向服务器的Crontab文件添加一个记录:

* * * * * php /path/to/artisan schedule:run 1>> /dev/null 2>&1
   
OR
  
* * * * * cd /path-to-your-project && php artisan schedule:run >> /dev/null 2>&1

https://www.learnfk.com/article-laravel-8-cron-job-task-scheduling-tutorialexample