CodeIgniter源码分析之Common.php

http://blog.163.com/wu_guoqing/blog/static/19653701820128167838931/


<?php  if ( ! defined('BASEPATH')) exit('No direct script access allowed');
/**
 * CodeIgniter
 *
 * An open source application development framework for PHP 5.1.6 or newer
 *
 * @package		CodeIgniter
 * @author		ExpressionEngine Dev Team
 * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2014, EllisLab, Inc.
 * @license		http://codeigniter.com/user_guide/license.html
 * @link		http://codeigniter.com
 * @since		Version 1.0
 * @filesource
 */

// ------------------------------------------------------------------------

/**
 * Common Functions
 *
 * Loads the base classes and executes the request.
 *
 * @package		CodeIgniter
 * @subpackage	codeigniter
 * @category	Common Functions
 * @author		ExpressionEngine Dev Team
 * @link		http://codeigniter.com/user_guide/
 */
/**
 * 为什么还要定义这些全局函数呢?比如说,下面有很多函数,如get_config()、config_item()这两个方法不是应该由
 * core/Config.php这个组件去做么?那个load_class()不应该由core/Loader.php去做么? 把这些函数定义出来貌似
 * 感觉架构变得不那么优雅,有点多余。
 * 其实是出于这样一种情况:
 * 比如说,如果一切和配置有关的动作都由Config组件来完成,一切加载的动作都由Loader来完成,
 * 试想一下,如果我要加载Config组件,那么,必须得通过Loader来加载,所以Loader必须比Config要更早实例化,
 * 但是如果Loader实例化的时候需要一些和Loader有关的配置信息才能实例化呢?那就必须通过Config来为它取得配置信息。
 * 这里就出现了鸡和鸡蛋的问题。。
 * 我之前写自己的框架也纠结过这样的问题,后来参考了YII框架,发现它里面其实都有同样的问题,它里面有个Exception的组件,
 * 但是在加载这个Exception组件之前,在加载其它组件的时候,如果出错了,那谁来处理异常和错误信息呢?答案就是先定义一些公共的函数。
 * 所以这些公共函数就很好地解决了这个问题,这也是为什么Common.php要很早被引入。
 * 
 */

// ------------------------------------------------------------------------

/**
* Determines if the current version of PHP is greater then the supplied value
*
* Since there are a few places where we conditionally test for PHP > 5
* we'll set a static variable.
*
* @access	public
* @param	string
* @return	bool	TRUE if the current version is $version or higher
*/


if ( ! function_exists('is_php'))//在已经定义的函数列表(包括系统自带的函数和用户自定义的函数)中查找 function_name。
{
	function is_php($version = '5.0.0')
	{//判断当前php版本是不是$version以上的。调用version_compare()这个函数。
		static $_is_php;
		$version = (string)$version;

		if ( ! isset($_is_php[$version]))
		{//上面虽然经过了 伪数组 变化,但是$_is_php 依然还是一个空静态变量  PHP_VERION能够获得当前php版本。
			$_is_php[$version] = (version_compare(PHP_VERSION, $version) < 0) ? FALSE : TRUE;
		    //当 静态变量里面的 引用 被成功赋值以后,静态变量变成数组类型
		}

		return $_is_php[$version];//显示上面给引用的赋值 1
	}
}

// ------------------------------------------------------------------------

/**
 * Tests for file writability
 *
 * is_writable() returns TRUE on Windows servers when you really can't write to
 * the file, based on the read-only attribute.  is_writable() is also unreliable
 * on Unix servers if safe_mode is on.
 *
 * @access	private
 * @return	void
 */
if ( ! function_exists('is_really_writable'))
{//该函数和php官方手册上面写的差不多,兼容linux/Unix和windows系统:
 //http://www.php.net/manual/zh/function.is-writable.php
	function is_really_writable($file)
	{
		// If we're on a Unix server with safe_mode off we call is_writable
		//DIRECTORY_SEPARATOR是系统的目录分割符。利用它的值可以知道当前是不是linux系统。
		if (DIRECTORY_SEPARATOR == '/' AND @ini_get("safe_mode") == FALSE)
		{//如果是linux系统的话,那么可以直接调用此方法来判断文件是否可写。
			return is_writable($file);
		}

		// For windows servers and safe_mode "on" installations we'll actually
		// write a file then read it.  Bah...
		//如果是windows系统,则尝试写入一个文件来判断。
		if (is_dir($file))
		{//如果是目录,则创建一个随机命名的文件。
			$file = rtrim($file, '/').'/'.md5(mt_rand(1,100).mt_rand(1,100));
          //如果文件不能创建,则返回不可写。
			if (($fp = @fopen($file, FOPEN_WRITE_CREATE)) === FALSE)
			{
				return FALSE;
			}

			fclose($fp);
			//删除刚才的文件。
			@chmod($file, DIR_WRITE_MODE);
			@unlink($file);
			return TRUE;
		}
		elseif ( ! is_file($file) OR ($fp = @fopen($file, FOPEN_WRITE_CREATE)) === FALSE)
		{//如果是一个文件,而通过写入方式打不开,则返回不可写。
			return FALSE;
		}

		fclose($fp);
		return TRUE;
	}
}

// ------------------------------------------------------------------------

/**
* Class registry
*
* This function acts as a singleton.  If the requested class does not
* exist it is instantiated and set to a static variable.  If it has
* previously been instantiated the variable is returned.
*
* @access	public
* @param	string	the class name being requested
* @param	string	the directory where the class should be found
* @param	string	the class name prefix
* @return	object
*/
if ( ! function_exists('load_class'))
{//加载类。默认是加载libraries里面的,如果要加载核心组件,$directory就为'core'
	function &load_class($class, $directory = 'libraries', $prefix = 'CI_')
	{
		static $_classes = array();//用一个静态数组,保存已经加载过的类的实例,
		                              //防止多次实例消耗资源,实现单例化。

		// Does the class exist?  If so, we're done...
		if (isset($_classes[$class]))
		{
			return $_classes[$class];
		}

		$name = FALSE;

		// Look for the class first in the local application/libraries folder
		// then in the native system/libraries folder
		//这里,如果应用目录下有和系统目录下相同的类的话,优先引入应用目录,也就是你自己定义的。
		foreach (array(APPPATH, BASEPATH) as $path)
		{
			if (file_exists($path.$directory.'/'.$class.'.php'))
			{
				$name = $prefix.$class;

				if (class_exists($name) === FALSE)
				{
					require($path.$directory.'/'.$class.'.php');
				}

				break;
			}
		}

		// Is the request a class extension?  If so we load it too
		//这里就用到的前缀扩展,如果在应用目录相应的目录下,有自己写的一些对CI库的扩展,那么我们加载的是它,而不是
		  //原来的。因为我们写的扩展是继承了CI原来的。
		  //所以可以看出,即使是CI的核心组件(core/下面的)我们都可以为之进行扩展。
		if (file_exists(APPPATH.$directory.'/'.config_item('subclass_prefix').$class.'.php'))
		{
			$name = config_item('subclass_prefix').$class;

			if (class_exists($name) === FALSE)
			{
				require(APPPATH.$directory.'/'.config_item('subclass_prefix').$class.'.php');
			}
		}

		// Did we find the class?
		if ($name === FALSE)
		{
			// Note: We use exit() rather then show_error() in order to avoid a
			// self-referencing loop with the Excptions class
			//这里用的是exit();来提示错误,而不是用show_error();
			//这是因为这个load_class的错误有可能在加载Exception组件之前发。
			exit('Unable to locate the specified class: '.$class.'.php');
		}

		// Keep track of what we just loaded
         //这个函数只是用来记录已经被加载过的类的类名而已。
		is_loaded($class);

		$_classes[$class] = new $name();
		return $_classes[$class];
	}
}

// --------------------------------------------------------------------

/**
* Keeps track of which libraries have been loaded.  This function is
* called by the load_class() function above
*
* @access	public
* @return	array
*/
if ( ! function_exists('is_loaded'))
{//记录有哪些类是已经被加载的。
	function &is_loaded($class = '')
	{
		static $_is_loaded = array();

		if ($class != '')
		{
			$_is_loaded[strtolower($class)] = $class;
		}

		return $_is_loaded;
	}
}

// ------------------------------------------------------------------------

/**
* Loads the main config.php file
*
* This function lets us grab the config file even if the Config class
* hasn't been instantiated yet
*
* @access	private
* @return	array
*/
if ( ! function_exists('get_config'))
{   //这个是读取配置信息的函数,在Config类被实例化之前,由它暂负责。
    //而在Config类被实例化之前,我们需要读取的配置信息,其实仅仅是config.php这个主配置文件的。
	//所以这个方法是不能读出config/下其它配置文件的信息的。
    //这个$replace参数,是提供一个临时替换配置信息的机会,仅一次,
	//因为执行一次后,配置信息都会保存在静态变量$_config中,不能改变。
	function &get_config($replace = array())
	{
		static $_config;

		if (isset($_config))
		{
			return $_config[0];
		}

		// Is the config file in the environment folder?
		if ( ! defined('ENVIRONMENT') OR ! file_exists($file_path = APPPATH.'config/'.ENVIRONMENT.'/config.php'))
		{
			$file_path = APPPATH.'config/config.php';
		}

		// Fetch the config file
		if ( ! file_exists($file_path))
		{
			exit('The configuration file does not exist.');
		}

		require($file_path);

		// Does the $config array exist in the file?
		if ( ! isset($config) OR ! is_array($config))
		{
			exit('Your config file does not appear to be formatted correctly.');
		}

		// Are any values being dynamically replaced?
		if (count($replace) > 0)
		{
			foreach ($replace as $key => $val)
			{
				if (isset($config[$key]))
				{
					$config[$key] = $val;
				}
			}
		}

		return $_config[0] =& $config;
	}
}

// ------------------------------------------------------------------------

/**
* Returns the specified config item
*
* @access	public
* @return	mixed
*/
if ( ! function_exists('config_item'))
{//取得配置数组中某个元素。
	function config_item($item)
	{
		static $_config_item = array();

		if ( ! isset($_config_item[$item]))
		{
			$config =& get_config();

			if ( ! isset($config[$item]))
			{
				return FALSE;
			}
			$_config_item[$item] = $config[$item];
		}

		return $_config_item[$item];
	}
}

// ------------------------------------------------------------------------

/**
* Error Handler
*
* This function lets us invoke the exception class and
* display errors using the standard error template located
* in application/errors/errors.php
* This function will send the error page directly to the
* browser and exit.
*
* @access	public
* @return	void
*/
//这里的show_error和下面的show_404以及 _exception_handler这三个错误的处理,
//实质都是由Exception组件完成的。
//详见core/Exception.php.
if ( ! function_exists('show_error'))
{
	function show_error($message, $status_code = 500, $heading = 'An Error Was Encountered')
	{
		$_error =& load_class('Exceptions', 'core');
		echo $_error->show_error($heading, $message, 'error_general', $status_code);
		exit;
	}
}

// ------------------------------------------------------------------------

/**
* 404 Page Handler
*
* This function is similar to the show_error() function above
* However, instead of the standard error template it displays
* 404 errors.
*
* @access	public
* @return	void
*/
if ( ! function_exists('show_404'))
{
	function show_404($page = '', $log_error = TRUE)
	{
		$_error =& load_class('Exceptions', 'core');
		$_error->show_404($page, $log_error);
		exit;
	}
}

// ------------------------------------------------------------------------

/**
* Error Logging Interface
*
* We use this as a simple mechanism to access the logging
* class and send messages to be logged.
*
* @access	public
* @return	void
*/
if ( ! function_exists('log_message'))
{
	function log_message($level = 'error', $message, $php_error = FALSE)
	{
		static $_log;

		if (config_item('log_threshold') == 0)
		{
			return;
		}

		$_log =& load_class('Log');
		$_log->write_log($level, $message, $php_error);
	}
}

// ------------------------------------------------------------------------

/**
 * Set HTTP Status Header
 *
 * @access	public
 * @param	int		the status code
 * @param	string
 * @return	void
 */
if ( ! function_exists('set_status_header'))
{//此函数构造一个响应头。$stati为响应码与其响应说明。
	function set_status_header($code = 200, $text = '')
	{
		$stati = array(
							200	=> 'OK',
							201	=> 'Created',
							202	=> 'Accepted',
							203	=> 'Non-Authoritative Information',
							204	=> 'No Content',
							205	=> 'Reset Content',
							206	=> 'Partial Content',

							300	=> 'Multiple Choices',
							301	=> 'Moved Permanently',
							302	=> 'Found',
							304	=> 'Not Modified',
							305	=> 'Use Proxy',
							307	=> 'Temporary Redirect',

							400	=> 'Bad Request',
							401	=> 'Unauthorized',
							403	=> 'Forbidden',
							404	=> 'Not Found',
							405	=> 'Method Not Allowed',
							406	=> 'Not Acceptable',
							407	=> 'Proxy Authentication Required',
							408	=> 'Request Timeout',
							409	=> 'Conflict',
							410	=> 'Gone',
							411	=> 'Length Required',
							412	=> 'Precondition Failed',
							413	=> 'Request Entity Too Large',
							414	=> 'Request-URI Too Long',
							415	=> 'Unsupported Media Type',
							416	=> 'Requested Range Not Satisfiable',
							417	=> 'Expectation Failed',

							500	=> 'Internal Server Error',
							501	=> 'Not Implemented',
							502	=> 'Bad Gateway',
							503	=> 'Service Unavailable',
							504	=> 'Gateway Timeout',
							505	=> 'HTTP Version Not Supported'
						);
		 //如果调用此函数本身出错,则发出一个错误。
		if ($code == '' OR ! is_numeric($code))
		{
			show_error('Status codes must be numeric', 500);
		}

		if (isset($stati[$code]) AND $text == '')
		{
			$text = $stati[$code];
		}
		//如果$text为空,一般是因为调用此函数时,给的响应码不正确同时又没有写出响应报文信息。
		if ($text == '')
		{
			show_error('No status text available.  Please check your status code number or supply your own message text.', 500);
		}
		//取得当前协议。
		$server_protocol = (isset($_SERVER['SERVER_PROTOCOL'])) ? $_SERVER['SERVER_PROTOCOL'] : FALSE;


		//php_sapi_name()方法可以获得PHP与服务器之间的接口类型,
  		//下面是以cgi类型和以服务器模块形式类型的不同发出响应的方式。
		if (substr(php_sapi_name(), 0, 3) == 'cgi')
		{
			header("Status: {$code} {$text}", TRUE);
		}
		elseif ($server_protocol == 'HTTP/1.1' OR $server_protocol == 'HTTP/1.0')
		{
			header($server_protocol." {$code} {$text}", TRUE, $code);
		}
		else
		{
			header("HTTP/1.1 {$code} {$text}", TRUE, $code);
		}
	}
}

// --------------------------------------------------------------------

/**
* Exception Handler
*
* This is the custom exception handler that is declaired at the top
* of Codeigniter.php.  The main reason we use this is to permit
* PHP errors to be logged in our own log files since the user may
* not have access to server logs. Since this function
* effectively intercepts PHP errors, however, we also need
* to display errors based on the current error_reporting level.
* We do that with the use of a PHP error template.
*
* @access	private
* @return	void
*/
if ( ! function_exists('_exception_handler'))
{
	function _exception_handler($severity, $message, $filepath, $line)
	{
		 // We don't bother with "strict" notices since they tend to fill up
		 // the log file with excess information that isn't normally very helpful.
		 // For example, if you are running PHP 5 and you use version 4 style
		 // class functions (without prefixes like "public", "private", etc.)
		 // you'll get notices telling you that these have been deprecated.

		//在CodeIgniter.php中执行set_error_handler('_exception_handler');后,
		//以后一切非致命(非fatal)错误信息都由它处理。
  		//触发错误的时候,会产生几个参数,错误级别(号),错误信息,错误文件,错误行。
		if ($severity == E_STRICT)
		{
			return;
		}
		//真正起到错误处理的是Exception组件。
		$_error =& load_class('Exceptions', 'core');

		// Should we display the error? We'll get the current error_reporting
		// level and add its bits with the severity bits to find out.
		  /*
		   * 注意下面的符号是&而不是&&,php的错误等级的值都是有规律的,例如1,2,4,8...(1,10,100,1000)等等,实际上,php是通过位运算来实现的,
		   * 使得错误控制更精准。(类似linux的权限控制,rwx)
		   * 在设置error_reporting()的时候,可通过E_XX|E_YY|E_ZZ的形式来设置,而判断的时候则通过E_XX&error_repoorting()来判断
		   * E_XX有没有设置。例如1,10,100,1000相或|,则值为1111,则以后1,10,100,1000中任意一个与1111相&,值都为它本身。
		   * 而E_ALL可以看到是除E_STRICT之外其它等级的“或(|)运算”。个人理解,之所以E_ALL的值是不同版本有所不同的,是
		   * 因为有时候会加入新的错误级别,从而导致这个E_ALL的值也不一样。
		   */
		if (($severity & error_reporting()) == $severity)
		{//如果符合则交给Exception组件的show_php_error();进行处理。
			$_error->show_php_error($severity, $message, $filepath, $line);
		}

		// Should we log the error?  No?  We're done...
		//下面两行只是根据配置文件判断要不要log错误信息而已。
		if (config_item('log_threshold') == 0)
		{
			return;
		}

		$_error->log_exception($severity, $message, $filepath, $line);
	}
}

// --------------------------------------------------------------------

/**
 * Remove Invisible Characters
 *
 * This prevents sandwiching null characters
 * between ascii characters, like Java\0script.
 *
 * @access	public
 * @param	string
 * @return	string
 */
if ( ! function_exists('remove_invisible_characters'))
{
	function remove_invisible_characters($str, $url_encoded = TRUE)
	{
		$non_displayables = array();
		
		// every control character except newline (dec 10)
		// carriage return (dec 13), and horizontal tab (dec 09)
		
		if ($url_encoded)
		{
			$non_displayables[] = '/%0[0-8bcef]/';	// url encoded 00-08, 11, 12, 14, 15
			$non_displayables[] = '/%1[0-9a-f]/';	// url encoded 16-31
		}
		
		$non_displayables[] = '/[\x00-\x08\x0B\x0C\x0E-\x1F\x7F]+/S';	// 00-08, 11, 12, 14-31, 127

		do
		{
			$str = preg_replace($non_displayables, '', $str, -1, $count);
		}
		while ($count);

		return $str;
	}
}

// ------------------------------------------------------------------------

/**
* Returns HTML escaped variable
*
* @access	public
* @param	mixed
* @return	mixed
*/
if ( ! function_exists('html_escape'))
{
	function html_escape($var)
	{
		if (is_array($var))
		{
			return array_map('html_escape', $var);
		}
		else
		{
			return htmlspecialchars($var, ENT_QUOTES, config_item('charset'));
		}
	}
}

/* End of file Common.php */
/* Location: ./system/core/Common.php */


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