Servlet Cookie和Session-CSDN博客

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/w2144217940/article/details/135940126

Cookie和Session

http协议是一个无状态的协议，你每一个跳转到下一个页面的时候都是需要先登录才能使用，这样就很麻烦比如淘宝，没有cookie和session的话，用户在首页已经登录上去了，但是需要再次登录才能选择商品，需要再次登录才能放到购物车，需要再次登录才能然后购买，这样用户的体验是相当差的。

cookie

是什么

cookie是在浏览器中保存的
如果想要使用cookie要保证我们的浏览器是开启cookie，所以说有一定的弊端，如果浏览器没有开启cookie，就不能再使用cookie了
cookie的大小是有限制的，通常是4096byte
cookie的保存是以键值对的形式存在的

常用方法

//1.cookie的构造方法，目的是实例化出来cookie对象
Cookie(String name,String value)
//2.设置cookie的方法
setValue(String value) //修改cookie的值
setMaxAge(int time) //设置cookie的有效时间
setPath(String path) //设置当前cookie的有效路径
//3.要将cookie发送到浏览器
response.addCookie(Cookie cookie);

servlet实例一

package com.by.servlet;

import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.Cookie;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;

public class SetCookieServlet extends HttpServlet {
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        doGet(request, response);
    }

    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request,
    			HttpServletResponse response) throws Exception {
        /**
         * 1.创建cookie对象
         *     将键：java2311 值：sb ，存到cookie对象中
         */
        Cookie cookie = new Cookie("msg", "sb");
        /**
         * 2.设置有效时间
         *    正数：表示当前cookie的有效时间
         *    负数：表示当前浏览器打开的时候存在，关闭的时候没了
         *     0：销毁当前的cookie
         */
        cookie.setMaxAge(60*60*24);//设置了有效期是个正数，
        //3.把cookie发送到浏览器
        response.addCookie(cookie);
    }
}

    <servlet>
        <servlet-name>setCookie</servlet-name>
        <servlet-class>com.by.servlet.SetCookieServlet</servlet-class>
    </servlet>

    <servlet-mapping>
        <servlet-name>setCookie</servlet-name>
        <url-pattern>/setCookie</url-pattern>
    </servlet-mapping>

servlet实例二

package com.by.servlet;

import javax.servlet.http.Cookie;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
public class GetCookieServlet extends HttpServlet {
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) {
        doGet(request, response);
    }

    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) {
        //获取浏览器中cookie，返回值是一个数组
        Cookie[] cookies = request.getCookies();
        for (Cookie cookie : cookies) {
            System.out.println("==============");
            System.out.println(cookie.getName());//获取键
            System.out.println(cookie.getValue());//获取值
        }
    }
}

    <servlet>
        <servlet-name>getCookie</servlet-name>
        <servlet-class>com.by.servlet.GetCookieServlet</servlet-class>
    </servlet>

    <servlet-mapping>
        <servlet-name>getCookie</servlet-name>
        <url-pattern>/getCookie</url-pattern>
    </servlet-mapping>

实例三

@WebServlet("/destroyCookie")
public class DestroyCookieServlet extends HttpServlet {
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        doGet(request, response);
    }

    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) {
        //退出登录
        Cookie[] cookies = request.getCookies();
        for (Cookie cookie : cookies) {
            if (cookie.getName().equals("msg")){
                cookie.setMaxAge(0);//销毁cookie
                //重新发送给浏览器
                response.addCookie(cookie);
            }
        }
    }
}

    <servlet>
        <servlet-name>destroyCookie</servlet-name>
        <servlet-class>com.by.servlet.DestroyCookieServlet</servlet-class>
    </servlet>

    <servlet-mapping>
        <servlet-name>destroyCookie</servlet-name>
        <url-pattern>/destroyCookie</url-pattern>
    </servlet-mapping>

session

为什么使用session？

cookie保存数据类型是单一的，只能保存字符串类型的数据
cookie的大小由限制

是什么？

保存服务器中
当用户发送一个HTTP请求到服务器时，服务器会检查该请求是否包含session标识符（通常是一个cookie），如果没有，则会创建一个新的session，并将session标识符发送给客户端。
使用session的时候一般要开启cookie如果浏览器没有开启cookie功能，我们可以通过html的url传参完后session的使用
没有大小的限制
信息的保存也是以键值对的形式存在的

实例一

package com.by.servlet;

import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpSession;
import java.util.Date;

public class SetSessionServlet extends HttpServlet {
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response){
        doGet(request, response);
    }

    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) {
        //1.获取session对象
        HttpSession session = request.getSession();
        System.out.println(session);
        //获取的是JSESSIONID 服务器唯一的标识
        System.out.println(session.getId());
        //给session设置一个时间，有效果的,里面放的是秒
        session.setMaxInactiveInterval(60*60*24);

        User user = new User();
        user.setUsername("张5丰");
        user.setBirthday(new Date());
        user.setSex("1");
        session.setAttribute("user",user);
    }
}

    <servlet>
        <servlet-name>setSession</servlet-name>
        <servlet-class>com.by.servlet.SetSessionServlet</servlet-class>
    </servlet>

    <servlet-mapping>
        <servlet-name>setSession</servlet-name>
        <url-pattern>/setSession</url-pattern>
    </servlet-mapping>

实例二

package com.by.servlet;

import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpSession;
import java.io.IOException;

public class GetSessionServlet extends HttpServlet {
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response){
        doGet(request, response);
    }

    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) {
        //1.获取Session对象
        //第一次创建session的时候默认为true
        //false的话，这个session使用的是已经创建好的session对象
        HttpSession session = request.getSession(false);
        //2.获取session，通过键取值
        Object user = session.getAttribute("user");
        System.out.println(user);
    }
}

    <servlet>
        <servlet-name>getSession</servlet-name>
        <servlet-class>com.by.servlet.GetSessionServlet</servlet-class>
    </servlet>

    <servlet-mapping>
        <servlet-name>getSession</servlet-name>
        <url-pattern>/getSession</url-pattern>
    </servlet-mapping>

实例三

package com.by.servlet;

import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpSession;

public class DestroySessionServlet extends HttpServlet {
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)  {
        doGet(request, response);
    }

    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)  {
        //1.获取session对象
        HttpSession session = request.getSession(false);
        //销毁当前的session
        session.invalidate();
    }
}

    <servlet>
        <servlet-name>destroySession</servlet-name>
        <servlet-class>com.by.servlet.DestroySessionServlet</servlet-class>
    </servlet>

    <servlet-mapping>
        <servlet-name>destroySession</servlet-name>
        <url-pattern>/destroySession</url-pattern>
    </servlet-mapping>