从一关联到多的查询和从多关联到一的查询来简单说说关联查询。
实体Team:球队。
实体Player:球员。
球队和球员是一对多的关系。
Team.java:
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package
com.cndatacom.jpa.entity;
import
java.util.HashSet;
import
java.util.Set;
import
javax.persistence.CascadeType;
import
javax.persistence.Column;
import
javax.persistence.Entity;
import
javax.persistence.FetchType;
import
javax.persistence.GeneratedValue;
import
javax.persistence.Id;
import
javax.persistence.OneToMany;
import
javax.persistence.Table;
/**
* 球队
* @author Luxh
*/
@Entity
@Table
(name=
"team"
)
public
class
Team{
@Id
@GeneratedValue
private
Long id;
/**球队名称*/
@Column
(name=
"name"
,length=
32
)
private
String name;
/**拥有的球员*/
@OneToMany
(mappedBy=
"team"
,cascade=CascadeType.ALL,fetch=FetchType.LAZY)
private
Set<Player> players =
new
HashSet<Player>();
//以下省略了getter/setter方法
//......
}
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Player.java:
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package
com.cndatacom.jpa.entity;
import
javax.persistence.CascadeType;
import
javax.persistence.Column;
import
javax.persistence.Entity;
import
javax.persistence.GeneratedValue;
import
javax.persistence.Id;
import
javax.persistence.JoinColumn;
import
javax.persistence.ManyToOne;
import
javax.persistence.Table;
/**
* 球员
* @author Luxh
*/
@Entity
@Table
(name=
"player"
)
public
class
Player{
@Id
@GeneratedValue
private
Long id;
/**球员姓名*/
@Column
(name=
"name"
)
private
String name;
/**所属球队*/
@ManyToOne
(cascade={CascadeType.MERGE,CascadeType.REFRESH})
@JoinColumn
(name=
"team_id"
)
private
Team team;
//以下省略了getter/setter方法
//......
}
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1、从One的一方关联到Many的一方:
查找出球员所属的球队,可以使用以下语句:
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SELECT
DISTINCT
t
FROM
Team t
JOIN
t.players p
where
p.
name
LIKE
:
name
|
或者使用以下语句:
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SELECT
DISTINCT
t
FROM
Team t,
IN
(t.players) p
WHERE
p.
name
LIKE
:
name
|
上面两条语句是等价的,产生的SQL语句如下:
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select
distinct
team0_.id
as
id0_,
team0_.
name
as
name0_
from
team team0_
inner
join
player players1_
on
team0_.id=players1_.team_id
where
players1_.
name
like
?
|
从SQL语句中可以看到team inner join 到player。inner join要求右边的表达式必须有返回值。
不能使用以下语句:
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SELECT
DISTINCT
t
FROM
Team t
WHERE
t.players.
name
LIKE
:
name
|
不能使用t.players.name这样的方式从集合中取值,要使用join或者in才行。
2、从Many的一方关联到One的一方:
查找出某个球队下的所有球员,可以使用以下查询语句:
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SELECT
p
FROM
Player p
JOIN
p.team t
WHERE
t.id = :id
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或者使用以下语句:
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SELECT
p
FROM
Player p,
IN
(p.team) t
WHERE
t.id = :id
|
这两条查询语句是等价的,产生的SQL语句如下:(产生了两条SQL)
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Hibernate:
select
player0_.id
as
id1_,
player0_.
name
as
name1_,
player0_.team_id
as
team3_1_
from
player player0_
inner
join
team team1_
on
player0_.team_id=team1_.id
where
team1_.id=?
Hibernate:
select
team0_.id
as
id2_0_,
team0_.
name
as
name2_0_
from
team team0_
where
team0_.id=?
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从Many关联到One的查询,还可以使用以下的查询语句:
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SELECT
p
FROM
Player p
WHERE
p.team.id = :id
|
这条语句产生的SQL如下:(产生了两条SQL)
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Hibernate:
select
player0_.id
as
id1_,
player0_.
name
as
name1_,
player0_.team_id
as
team3_1_
from
player player0_
where
player0_.team_id=?
Hibernate:
select
team0_.id
as
id0_0_,
team0_.
name
as
name0_0_
from
team team0
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以上从Many到One的关联查询都产生了两条SQL,还可以使用join fetch只产生一条SQL语句。查询语句如下:
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SELECT
p
FROM
Player p
JOIN
FETCH
p.team t
WHERE
t.id = :id
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这条查询语句产生的SQL如下:
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Hibernate:
select
player0_.id
as
id1_0_,
team1_.id
as
id2_1_,
player0_.
name
as
name1_0_,
player0_.team_id
as
team3_1_0_,
team1_.
name
as
name2_1_
from
player player0_
inner
join
team team1_
on
player0_.team_id=team1_.id
where
team1_.id=?
|