从一关联到多的查询和从多关联到一的查询来简单说说关联查询。
实体Team:球队。
实体Player:球员。
球队和球员是一对多的关系。
Team.java:
- package com.cndatacom.jpa.entity;
- import java.util.HashSet;
- import java.util.Set;
- import javax.persistence.CascadeType;
- import javax.persistence.Column;
- import javax.persistence.Entity;
- import javax.persistence.FetchType;
- import javax.persistence.GeneratedValue;
- import javax.persistence.Id;
- import javax.persistence.OneToMany;
- import javax.persistence.Table;
- /**
- * 球队
- * @author Luxh
- */
- @Entity
- @Table(name="team")
- public class Team{
- @Id
- @GeneratedValue
- private Long id;
- /**球队名称*/
- @Column(name="name",length=32)
- private String name;
- /**拥有的球员*/
- @OneToMany(mappedBy="team",cascade=CascadeType.ALL,fetch=FetchType.LAZY)
- private Set<Player> players = new HashSet<Player>();
- //以下省略了getter/setter方法
- //......
- }
Player.java:
- package com.cndatacom.jpa.entity;
- import javax.persistence.CascadeType;
- import javax.persistence.Column;
- import javax.persistence.Entity;
- import javax.persistence.GeneratedValue;
- import javax.persistence.Id;
- import javax.persistence.JoinColumn;
- import javax.persistence.ManyToOne;
- import javax.persistence.Table;
- /**
- * 球员
- * @author Luxh
- */
- @Entity
- @Table(name="player")
- public class Player{
- @Id
- @GeneratedValue
- private Long id;
- /**球员姓名*/
- @Column(name="name")
- private String name;
- /**所属球队*/
- @ManyToOne(cascade={CascadeType.MERGE,CascadeType.REFRESH})
- @JoinColumn(name="team_id")
- private Team team;
- //以下省略了getter/setter方法
- //......
- }
1、从One的一方关联到Many的一方:
查找出球员所属的球队,可以使用以下语句:
- SELECT DISTINCT t FROM Team t JOIN t.players p where p.name LIKE :name
或者使用以下语句:
- SELECT DISTINCT t FROM Team t,IN(t.players) p WHERE p.name LIKE :name
上面两条语句是等价的,产生的SQL语句如下:
- select
- distinct team0_.id as id0_,
- team0_.name as name0_
- from
- team team0_
- inner join
- player players1_
- on team0_.id=players1_.team_id
- where
- players1_.name like ?
从SQL语句中可以看到team inner join 到player。inner join要求右边的表达式必须有返回值。
不能使用以下语句:
- SELECT DISTINCT t FROM Team t WHERE t.players.name LIKE :name
不能使用t.players.name这样的方式从集合中取值,要使用join或者in才行。
2、从Many的一方关联到One的一方:
查找出某个球队下的所有球员,可以使用以下查询语句:
- SELECT p FROM Player p JOIN p.team t WHERE t.id = :id
或者使用以下语句:
- SELECT p FROM Player p, IN(p.team) t WHERE t.id = :id
这两条查询语句是等价的,产生的SQL语句如下:(产生了两条SQL)
- Hibernate:
- select
- player0_.id as id1_,
- player0_.name as name1_,
- player0_.team_id as team3_1_
- from
- player player0_
- inner join
- team team1_
- on player0_.team_id=team1_.id
- where
- team1_.id=?
- Hibernate:
- select
- team0_.id as id2_0_,
- team0_.name as name2_0_
- from
- team team0_
- where
- team0_.id=?
从Many关联到One的查询,还可以使用以下的查询语句:
- SELECT p FROM Player p WHERE p.team.id = :id
这条语句产生的SQL如下:(产生了两条SQL)
- Hibernate:
- select
- player0_.id as id1_,
- player0_.name as name1_,
- player0_.team_id as team3_1_
- from
- player player0_
- where
- player0_.team_id=?
- Hibernate:
- select
- team0_.id as id0_0_,
- team0_.name as name0_0_
- from
- team team0
以上从Many到One的关联查询都产生了两条SQL,还可以使用join fetch只产生一条SQL语句。查询语句如下:
- SELECT p FROM Player p JOIN FETCH p.team t WHERE t.id = :id
这条查询语句产生的SQL如下:
- Hibernate:
- select
- player0_.id as id1_0_,
- team1_.id as id2_1_,
- player0_.name as name1_0_,
- player0_.team_id as team3_1_0_,
- team1_.name as name2_1_
- from
- player player0_
- inner join
- team team1_
- on player0_.team_id=team1_.id
- where
- team1_.id=?