keepalived

于 2022-10-09 12:06:33 发布
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keepalived简介

keepalived是什么？

Keepalived 软件起初是专为LVS负载均衡软件设计的，用来管理并监控LVS集群系统中各个服务节点的状态，后来又加入了可以实现高可用的VRRP功能。因此，Keepalived除了能够管理LVS软件外，还可以作为其他服务（例如：Nginx、Haproxy、MySQL等）的高可用解决方案软件。

Keepalived软件主要是通过VRRP协议实现高可用功能的。VRRP是Virtual Router RedundancyProtocol(虚拟路由器冗余协议）的缩写，VRRP出现的目的就是为了解决静态路由单点故障问题的，它能够保证当个别节点宕机时，整个网络可以不间断地运行。

所以，Keepalived 一方面具有配置管理LVS的功能，同时还具有对LVS下面节点进行健康检查的功能，另一方面也可实现系统网络服务的高可用功能。

keepalived官网

keepalived的重要功能

keepalived 有三个重要的功能，分别是：

  • 管理LVS负载均衡软件
  • 实现LVS集群节点的健康检查
  • 作为系统网络服务的高可用性（failover）
安装
//关闭防火墙 确保selinux状态为disabled
[root@master ~]# systemctl disable --now firewalld
Removed /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/firewalld.service.
Removed /etc/systemd/system/dbus-org.fedoraproject.FirewallD1.service.
[root@master ~]# setenforce 0
[root@master ~]# sed -ri 's/^(SELINUX=).*/\1disabled/g' /etc/selinux/config
[root@master ~]# getenforce 
Permissive
[root@master ~]# reboot
[root@master ~]# getenforce 
Disabled

//配置yum源
[root@master ~]# curl -o /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo https://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-vault-8.5.2111.repo
[root@master ~]# sed -i -e '/mirrors.cloud.aliyuncs.com/d' -e '/mirrors.aliyuncs.com/d' /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo
[root@master ~]# yum -y install epel-release vim wget gcc gcc-c++

//安装keepalived
[root@master ~]# yum -y install keepalived

备服务器安装

//关闭防火墙，确保selinux状态为disabled
[root@slave ~]# systemctl disable --now firewalld
Removed /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/firewalld.service.
Removed /etc/systemd/system/dbus-org.fedoraproject.FirewallD1.service.
[root@slave ~]# setenforce 0
[root@slave ~]# sed -ri 's/^(SELINUX=).*/\1disabled/g' /etc/selinux/config
[root@slave ~]# reboot
[root@slave ~]# getenforce 
Disabled

//配置yum源
[root@slave ~]# curl -o /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo https://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-vault-8.5.2111.repo
[root@slave ~]# sed -i -e '/mirrors.cloud.aliyuncs.com/d' -e '/mirrors.aliyuncs.com/d' /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo
[root@slave ~]# yum -y install epel-release vim wget gcc gcc-c++

//安装keepalived
[root@slave ~]# yum -y install keepalived

安装nginx

[root@master ~]# yum -y install nginx
[root@master ~]# cd /usr/share/nginx/html/
[root@master html]# ls
404.html  50x.html  index.html  nginx-logo.png  poweredby.png
[root@master html]# echo 'master' > index.html
[root@master html]# systemctl enable --now nginx
Created symlink /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/nginx.service → /usr/lib/systemd/system/nginx.service.
[root@master html]# ss -antl
State    Recv-Q   Send-Q     Local Address:Port     Peer Address:Port  Process  
LISTEN   0        128              0.0.0.0:80            0.0.0.0:*              
LISTEN   0        128              0.0.0.0:22            0.0.0.0:*              
LISTEN   0        128                 [::]:80               [::]:*              
LISTEN   0        128                 [::]:22               [::]:*              
[root@master html]# curl 192.168.253.130
master

[root@slave ~]# yum -y install nginx
[root@slave ~]# cd /usr/share/nginx/html/
[root@slave html]# ls
404.html  50x.html  index.html  nginx-logo.png  poweredby.png
[root@slave html]# echo 'slave' > index.html 
[root@slave html]# systemctl start nginx

配置

[root@master ~]# cd /etc/keepalived/
[root@master keepalived]# mv keepalived.conf{,-bak}
[root@master keepalived]# ls
keepalived.conf-bak
[root@master keepalived]# vim keepalived.conf
! Configuration File for keepalived

global_defs {
   router_id lb01
}

vrrp_instance VI_1 {
    state MASTER
    interface ens33
    virtual_router_id 51
    priority 100
    advert_int 1
    authentication {
        auth_type PASS
        auth_pass 123456
    }
    virtual_ipaddress {
        192.168.253.250
    }
}

virtual_server 192.168.253.250 80 {
    delay_loop 6
    lb_algo rr
    lb_kind DR
    persistence_timeout 50
    protocol TCP

    real_server 192.168.253.130 80 {
        weight 1
        TCP_CHECK {
            connect_port 80
            connect_timeout 3
            nb_get_retry 3
            delay_before_retry 3
        }
    }

    real_server 192.168.253.132 80 {
        weight 1
        TCP_CHECK {
            connect_port 80
            connect_timeout 3
            nb_get_retry 3
            delay_before_retry 3
        }
    }
}

[root@master ~]# systemctl enable --now keepalived
Created symlink /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/keepalived.service → /usr/lib/systemd/system/keepalived.service.

[root@slave ~]# cd /etc/keepalived/
[root@slave keepalived]# mv keepalived.conf{,-bak}
[root@slave keepalived]# ls
keepalived.conf-bak
[root@slave keepalived]# vim keepalived.conf
! Configuration File for keepalived

global_defs {
   router_id lb02	//修改路由id
}

vrrp_instance VI_1 {
    state BACKUP
    interface ens33
    virtual_router_id 51
    priority 90		//修改优先级
    advert_int 1
    authentication {
        auth_type PASS
        auth_pass 123456
    }
    virtual_ipaddress {
        192.168.253.250
    }
}

virtual_server 192.168.253.250 80 {
    delay_loop 6
    lb_algo rr
    lb_kind DR
    persistence_timeout 50
    protocol TCP

    real_server 192.168.253.130 80 {
        weight 1
        TCP_CHECK {
            connect_port 80
            connect_timeout 3
            nb_get_retry 3
            delay_before_retry 3
        }
    }

    real_server 192.168.253.132 80 {
        weight 1
        TCP_CHECK {
            connect_port 80
            connect_timeout 3
            nb_get_retry 3
            delay_before_retry 3
        }
    }
}

[root@slave ~]# systemctl enable --now keepalived
Created symlink /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/keepalived.service → /usr/lib/systemd/system/keepalived.service.

查看vip

[root@master ~]# ip a
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000
    link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
    inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 ::1/128 scope host 
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: ens33: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc fq_codel state UP group default qlen 1000
    link/ether 00:0c:29:7f:37:b0 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    inet 192.168.253.130/24 brd 192.168.253.255 scope global dynamic noprefixroute ens33
       valid_lft 1737sec preferred_lft 1737sec
    inet 192.168.253.250/32 scope global ens33	//此处有VIP
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fe7f:37b0/64 scope link noprefixroute 
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever

[root@slave ~]# ip a
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000
    link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
    inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 ::1/128 scope host 
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: ens33: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc fq_codel state UP group default qlen 1000
    link/ether 00:0c:29:07:de:9b brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    inet 192.168.253.132/24 brd 192.168.253.255 scope global dynamic noprefixroute ens33
       valid_lft 1779sec preferred_lft 1779sec
    inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fe07:de9b/64 scope link noprefixroute 
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever

keepalived监控nginx

[root@master ~]# mkdir /scripts
[root@master ~]# cd /scripts/
[root@master scripts]# vim check_n.sh
#!/bin/bash
nginx_status=$(ps -ef|grep -Ev "grep|$0"|grep '\bnginx\b'|wc -l)
if [ $nginx_status -lt 1 ];then
    systemctl stop keepalived
fi

[root@master scripts]# chmod +x check_n.sh
[root@master scripts]# ll
total 4
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 142 Oct  8 23:00 check_n.sh

[root@master scripts]# vim notify.sh
#!/bin/bash
VIP=$2
case "$1" in
  master)
        nginx_status=$(ps -ef|grep -Ev "grep|$0"|grep '\bnginx\b'|wc -l)
        if [ $nginx_status -lt 1 ];then
            systemctl start nginx
        fi
  ;;
  backup)
        nginx_status=$(ps -ef|grep -Ev "grep|$0"|grep '\bnginx\b'|wc -l)
        if [ $nginx_status -gt 0 ];then
            systemctl stop nginx
        fi
  ;;
  *)
        echo "Usage:$0 master|backup VIP"
  ;;
esac

[root@master scripts]# chmod +x notify.sh 
[root@master scripts]# ll
total 8
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 142 Oct  8 23:00 check_n.sh
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 432 Oct  8 23:06 notify.sh


[root@slave ~]# mkdir /scripts
[root@slave ~]# cd /scripts/
[root@slave scripts]# vim notify.sh 
#!/bin/bash
VIP=$2
case "$1" in
  master)
        nginx_status=$(ps -ef|grep -Ev "grep|$0"|grep '\bnginx\b'|wc -l)
        if [ $nginx_status -lt 1 ];then
            systemctl start nginx
        fi
  ;;
  backup)
        nginx_status=$(ps -ef|grep -Ev "grep|$0"|grep '\bnginx\b'|wc -l)
        if [ $nginx_status -gt 0 ];then
            systemctl stop nginx
        fi
  ;;
  *)
        echo "Usage:$0 master|backup VIP"
  ;;
esac

[root@slave scripts]# chmod +x notify.sh
[root@slave scripts]# ll
total 8
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 142 Oct  8 23:10 check_n.sh
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 432 Oct  8 23:08 notify.sh

配置

[root@master ~]# vim /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf
! Configuration File for keepalived

global_defs {
   router_id lb01
}

vrrp_script nginx_check {
    script "/scripts/check_n.sh"
    interval 1
    weight -20
}

vrrp_instance VI_1 {
    state MASTER
    interface ens33
    virtual_router_id 51
    priority 100
    advert_int 1
    authentication {
        auth_type PASS
        auth_pass 123456
    }
    virtual_ipaddress {
        192.168.253.250
    }
    track_script {
        nginx_check
    }
    notify_master "/scripts/notify.sh master 192.168.253.250"
    notify_backup "/scripts/notify.sh backup 192.168.253.250"
}

virtual_server 192.168.253.250 80 {
    delay_loop 6
    lb_algo rr
    lb_kind DR
    persistence_timeout 50
    protocol TCP

    real_server 192.168.253.130 80 {
        weight 1
        TCP_CHECK {
            connect_port 80
            connect_timeout 3
            nb_get_retry 3
            delay_before_retry 3
        }
    }

    real_server 192.168.253.132 80 {
        weight 1
        TCP_CHECK {
            connect_port 80
            connect_timeout 3
            nb_get_retry 3
            delay_before_retry 3
        }
    }
}

[root@master ~]# systemctl restart keepalived

[root@slave ~]# vim /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf
! Configuration File for keepalived

global_defs {
   router_id lb02
}

vrrp_instance VI_1 {
    state BACKUP
    interface ens33
    virtual_router_id 51
    priority 90
    advert_int 1
    authentication {
        auth_type PASS
        auth_pass 123456
    }
    virtual_ipaddress {
        192.168.253.250
    }
    notify_master "/scripts/notify.sh master 192.168.253.250"
    notify_backup "/scripts/notify.sh backup 192.168.253.250"
}

virtual_server 192.168.253.250 80 {
    delay_loop 6
    lb_algo rr
    lb_kind DR
    persistence_timeout 50
    protocol TCP

    real_server 192.168.253.130 80 {
        weight 1
        TCP_CHECK {
            connect_port 80
            connect_timeout 3
            nb_get_retry 3
            delay_before_retry 3
        }
    }

    real_server 192.168.253.132 80 {
        weight 1
        TCP_CHECK {
            connect_port 80
            connect_timeout 3
            nb_get_retry 3
            delay_before_retry 3
        }
    }
}

[root@slave ~]# systemctl restart keepalived

检验

[root@master ~]# systemctl stop nginx
[root@master ~]# systemctl status keepalived
● keepalived.service - LVS and VRRP High Availability Monitor
   Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/keepalived.service; enabled; vendor >
   Active: inactive (dead) since Sat 2022-10-08 23:41:31 CST; 3min 49s ago
  Process: 251802 ExecStart=/usr/sbin/keepalived $KEEPALIVED_OPTIONS (code=exit>
 Main PID: 251804 (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)

[root@slave ~]# ip a
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000
    link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
    inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 ::1/128 scope host 
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: ens33: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc fq_codel state UP group default qlen 1000
    link/ether 00:0c:29:07:de:9b brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    inet 192.168.253.132/24 brd 192.168.253.255 scope global dynamic noprefixroute ens33
       valid_lft 972sec preferred_lft 972sec
    inet 192.168.253.250/32 scope global ens33
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fe07:de9b/64 scope link noprefixroute 
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
[root@slave ~]# ss -antl
State    Recv-Q   Send-Q     Local Address:Port     Peer Address:Port  Process  
LISTEN   0        128              0.0.0.0:22            0.0.0.0:*              
LISTEN   0        128              0.0.0.0:80            0.0.0.0:*              
LISTEN   0        128                 [::]:22               [::]:*              
LISTEN   0        128                 [::]:80               [::]:*              
[root@slave ~]# systemctl status nginx
● nginx.service - The nginx HTTP and reverse proxy server
   Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/nginx.service; disabled; vendor pres>
   Active: active (running) since Sat 2022-10-08 23:41:28 CST; 4min 33s ago
  Process: 235224 ExecStart=/usr/sbin/nginx (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
  Process: 235221 ExecStartPre=/usr/sbin/nginx -t (code=exited, status=0/SUCCES>
  Process: 235218 ExecStartPre=/usr/bin/rm -f /run/nginx.pid (code=exited, stat>
 Main PID: 235225 (nginx)
    Tasks: 5 (limit: 12199)
   Memory: 7.8M

[root@slave ~]# systemctl status keepalived
● keepalived.service - LVS and VRRP High Availability Monitor
   Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/keepalived.service; enabled; vendor >
   Active: active (running) since Sat 2022-10-08 23:41:17 CST; 5min ago
  Process: 234743 ExecStart=/usr/sbin/keepalived $KEEPALIVED_OPTIONS (code=exit>
 Main PID: 234744 (keepalived)
    Tasks: 3 (limit: 12199)
   Memory: 2.2M
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keepalive高可用软件配置及详解
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Keepalived高可用软件简介： 目前互联网主流的实现WEB网站及数据库服务高可用软件包括：keepalived、heartbeat等。Heartbeat是比较早期的实现高可用软件，而keepalived是目前轻量级的管理方便、易用的高可用软件解决方案，得到互联网公司IT人的青睐。 Keepalived是一个类似于工作在layer 3, 4 & 7交换机制的软件，Keepalived软件有两种功能，分别是健康检查、VRRP冗余协议，keepalived是模块化设计，不同模块负责不同的功能，ke

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