重命名字典键

本文翻译自：Rename a dictionary key

Is there a way to rename a dictionary key, without reassigning its value to a new name and removing the old name key; 有没有一种方法可以重命名字典键，而无需将其值重新分配给新名称并删除旧名称键； and without iterating through dict key/value? 而不迭代字典键/值？

In case of OrderedDict, do the same, while keeping that key's position. 对于OrderedDict，在保持键的位置的同时执行相同的操作。

---

#1楼

参考：https://stackoom.com/question/17800/重命名字典键

---

#2楼

Using a check for newkey!=oldkey , this way you can do: 使用newkey!=oldkey的检查，可以这样：

if newkey!=oldkey:  
    dictionary[newkey] = dictionary[oldkey]
    del dictionary[oldkey]

---

#3楼

For a regular dict, you can use: 对于常规字典，可以使用：

mydict[new_key] = mydict.pop(old_key)

For an OrderedDict, I think you must build an entirely new one using a comprehension. 对于OrderedDict，我认为您必须使用一种理解来构建一个全新的。

>>> OrderedDict(zip('123', 'abc'))
OrderedDict([('1', 'a'), ('2', 'b'), ('3', 'c')])
>>> oldkey, newkey = '2', 'potato'
>>> OrderedDict((newkey if k == oldkey else k, v) for k, v in _.viewitems())
OrderedDict([('1', 'a'), ('potato', 'b'), ('3', 'c')])

Modifying the key itself, as this question seems to be asking, is impractical because dict keys are usually immutable objects such as numbers, strings or tuples. 正如这个问题似乎提出的那样，修改密钥本身是不切实际的，因为dict密钥通常是不可变的对象，例如数字，字符串或元组。 Instead of trying to modify the key, reassigning the value to a new key and removing the old key is how you can achieve the "rename" in python. 您可以尝试在python中实现“重命名”，而不是尝试修改键，而是将值重新分配给新键并删除旧键。

---

#4楼

You can use this OrderedDict recipe written by Raymond Hettinger and modify it to add a rename method, but this is going to be a O(N) in complexity: 您可以使用由Raymond Hettinger编写的OrderedDict recipe ，并对其进行修改以添加rename方法，但这在复杂度上将是O（N）：

def rename(self,key,new_key):
    ind = self._keys.index(key)  #get the index of old key, O(N) operation
    self._keys[ind] = new_key    #replace old key with new key in self._keys
    self[new_key] = self[key]    #add the new key, this is added at the end of self._keys
    self._keys.pop(-1)           #pop the last item in self._keys

Example: 例：

dic = OrderedDict((("a",1),("b",2),("c",3)))
print dic
dic.rename("a","foo")
dic.rename("b","bar")
dic["d"] = 5
dic.rename("d","spam")
for k,v in  dic.items():
    print k,v

output: 输出：

OrderedDict({'a': 1, 'b': 2, 'c': 3})
foo 1
bar 2
c 3
spam 5

---

#5楼

best method in 1 line: 1行中的最佳方法：

>>> d = {'test':[0,1,2]}
>>> d['test2'] = d.pop('test')
>>> d
{'test2': [0, 1, 2]}

---

#6楼

A few people before me mentioned the .pop trick to delete and create a key in a one-liner. 在我之前的一些人提到了.pop技巧，该技巧可以删除并创建单行密钥。

I personally find the more explicit implementation more readable: 我个人认为更明确的实现更具可读性：

d = {'a': 1, 'b': 2}
v = d['b']
del d['b']
d['c'] = v

The code above returns {'a': 1, 'c': 2} 上面的代码返回{'a': 1, 'c': 2}