xml Sax解析器

步骤：
1.创建事件处理程序(继承DefaultHandler)，里面需要改写5个事件处理的方法
2.创建SaxParser解析器
3.将第一步创建的事件处理分配给第二步创建的parser
4.文档解析

现在来详细解说一下如何实现xml Sax解析
1.首先在在项目中创建一个xml文档

2.在创建一个Book类

package test.java.com;

public class Book {//从xml中解析出来的内容以一本书的对象的形式存在
    private String bookNo;
    private String title;
    private String author;
    public String getBookNo() {
        return bookNo;
    }
    public void setBookNo(String bookNo) {
        this.bookNo = bookNo;
    }
    public String getTitle() {
        return title;
    }
    public void setTitle(String title) {
        this.title = title;
    }
    public String getAuthor() {
        return author;
    }
    public void setAuthor(String author) {
        this.author = author;
    }
    public Book(String bookNo, String title, String author) {
        super();
        this.bookNo = bookNo;
        this.title = title;
        this.author = author;
    }
    public Book() {
        super();
        // TODO Auto-generated constructor stub
    }
    @Override
    public String toString() {
        // TODO Auto-generated method stub
        return "书号:"+bookNo+"\n书名:"+title+"\n作者:"+author;
    }
}

3.创建解析器类所要实现的一个接口

package test.java.com;

import java.util.ArrayList;

public interface xmlParse {//创建解析器类所要实现的接口  解析xml文档的一个过程
    public ArrayList<Book> parsexml(String fileName);//String fileName为路径名
}

4.创建事件处理器(注意：需要继承DefaultHandler,并且要重写里面的五个事件)

package test.java.com;

import java.util.ArrayList;
import org.xml.sax.Attributes;
import org.xml.sax.SAXException;
import org.xml.sax.helpers.DefaultHandler;

public class MySaxHandler extends DefaultHandler {//创建事件处理器
    private Book book;//字段
    private String tag;// 将东西保存到tag中
    private ArrayList<Book> list;

    public ArrayList<Book> getList() {
        return list;
    }

    @Override
    public void characters(char[] arg0, int arg1, int arg2) throws SAXException {
        // TODO Auto-generated method stub
        super.characters(arg0, arg1, arg2);
        if (tag != null) {// 只有tag不为空时,tag中的内容是book中的内容
            String s = new String(arg0, arg1, arg2).trim();// arg1代表字符数组的起始位置,arg2代表长度
            if (tag.equals("title")) {
                book.setTitle(s);
            }
            if (tag.equals("author")) {
                book.setAuthor(s);
            }
        }
    }

    @Override
    public void endDocument() throws SAXException {
        // TODO Auto-generated method stub
        super.endDocument();
    }

    @Override
    public void endElement(String arg0, String arg1, String arg2)
            throws SAXException {
        // TODO Auto-generated method stub
        super.endElement(arg0, arg1, arg2);
        if (arg2.equals("book")) {
            list.add(book);
            book = null;
        }
        tag = null;
    }

    @Override
    public void startDocument() throws SAXException {//文档一开始就要建列表
        // TODO Auto-generated method stub
        super.startDocument();
        list = new ArrayList<Book>();
    }

    @Override
    public void startElement(String arg0, String arg1, String arg2,
            Attributes arg3) throws SAXException {
        // TODO Auto-generated method stub
        super.startElement(arg0, arg1, arg2, arg3);// arg2保存当前元素的名字,arg3保存书号
        if (arg2.equals("book")) {
            book = new Book();
            String bookNo = arg3.getValue("bookno");
            book.setBookNo(bookNo);
        }
        tag = arg2;// 把当前元素的名字保存到tag字段里
    }
}

5.创建xml解析工作的一个类

package test.java.com;

import java.io.FileInputStream;
import java.io.FileNotFoundException;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.ArrayList;

import javax.xml.parsers.ParserConfigurationException;
import javax.xml.parsers.SAXParser;
import javax.xml.parsers.SAXParserFactory;

import org.xml.sax.SAXException;

public class SaxParse implements xmlParse{//创建一个解析器实现解析接口(做xml解析工作的一个类)

    @Override
    public ArrayList<Book> parsexml(String fileName) {
        // TODO Auto-generated method stub
        ArrayList<Book>  list = new ArrayList<Book>();
        SAXParserFactory factory = SAXParserFactory.newInstance();//创建一个Sax解析器工厂
        MySaxHandler handler = null;//准备一个事件处理器
        try {
            SAXParser parser = factory.newSAXParser();//通过工厂来获取一个解析器对象
            FileInputStream is = new FileInputStream(fileName);//fileName文件路径
            handler = new MySaxHandler();
            parser.parse(is, handler);// 将事件处理器配置给解析器 此时list也在handler中了
        } catch (FileNotFoundException e) {
            // TODO Auto-generated catch block
            e.printStackTrace();
        } catch (ParserConfigurationException e) {
            // TODO Auto-generated catch block
            e.printStackTrace();
        } catch (SAXException e) {
            // TODO Auto-generated catch block
            e.printStackTrace();
        } catch (IOException e) {
            // TODO Auto-generated catch block
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        list = handler.getList();
        return list;
    }

    public static void main(String[] args){
        xmlParse parse = new SaxParse();
        ArrayList<Book> list = parse.parsexml("test.xml");
        System.out.println("sax解析结果：");
        for(Book book:list){
            System.out.println(book);
        }
    }
}