android 四大组件BroadcastReceive

一、BroadcastReceiver是Android系统的四大组件之一，它本质上就是一个全局的监听器，用于监听系统全局的广播消息。由于BroadcastReceiver是一种全局的监听器，因此它可以方便地实现系统中不同组件之间的通信。
二、BroadcastReceiver和事件处理机制相似，只不过事件处理机制是程序级别的的监听器，这些监听器运行在指定程序所在的进程中，当程序退出时，这些程序级别的监听器也会随之关闭。而BroadcastReceiver属于系统级别的监听器，它拥有自己的进程，只要系统中存在着与之匹配的Intent被广播出来， BroadcastReceiver总会被激发。
三、程序通过调用Context的sendBroadcast()方法来启动指定的BroadcastReceiver

BroadcastReceiver生命周期只有十秒左右，如果在 onReceive() 内做超过十秒内的事情，就会报错。所以不要在BroadcastReceiver的onReceiver()方法中执行耗时的操作，如果确实需要根据Broadcast来完成比较耗时的任务，则可以考虑通过Intent启动一个Service来完成操作。

一、静态注册。AndroidManifest.xml文件中配置。
    这类BroadcastReceiver特点：常驻型的。
二、动态注册。代码中动态的指定广播地址并注册。
    这类BroadcastReceiver特点：不是常驻型的，广播会跟随程序的生命周期。
注：注册BroadcastReceiver类似于给收音机加选台按钮

下面是一个实例,写了3个BroadcastReceive类,来测试无序广播

第一个广播类

package com.zdsft.administrator.mybroadcastreceiver.broadcastreceive;

import android.content.BroadcastReceiver;
import android.content.Context;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.util.Log;

/**
 * Created by Administrator on 2017/3/23.
 */
public class MyBroadcastReceive extends BroadcastReceiver {
    @Override
    public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {
        Log.e("MyBroadcastReceive","onReceive");
    }
}

第二个广播类

package com.zdsft.administrator.mybroadcastreceiver.broadcastreceive;

import android.content.BroadcastReceiver;
import android.content.Context;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.util.Log;

/**
 * Created by Administrator on 2017/3/23.
 */
public class MyBroadcastReceive1 extends BroadcastReceiver {
    @Override
    public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {
        Log.e("MyBroadcastReceive1","onReceive");
    }
}

第三个广播类

package com.zdsft.administrator.mybroadcastreceiver.broadcastreceive;

import android.content.BroadcastReceiver;
import android.content.Context;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.util.Log;

/**
 * Created by Administrator on 2017/3/23.
 */
public class MyBroadcastReceive2 extends BroadcastReceiver {
    @Override
    public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {
        Log.e("MyBroadcastReceive2","onReceive");
    }
}

在AndroidManifest.xml中给3个广播注册权限

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<manifest xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
          package="com.zdsft.administrator.mybroadcastreceiver">

    <application
        android:allowBackup="true"
        android:icon="@mipmap/ic_launcher"
        android:label="@string/app_name"
        android:supportsRtl="true"
        android:theme="@style/AppTheme">
        <activity android:name=".MybroadTest">
        <activity android:name=".MainActivity"/>
            <intent-filter>
                <action android:name="android.intent.action.MAIN"/>

                <category android:name="android.intent.category.LAUNCHER"/>
            </intent-filter>
        </activity>
        <!--注册广播权限-->
        <receiver android:name=".broadcastreceive.MyBroadcastReceive">
            <!--priority是在有序广播中给广播添加优先级,从-1000到1000 从小到大,优先级高的能终止优先级低的-->
            <intent-filter android:priority="-100">
                <!--相当于给广播调频-->
                <action android:name="com.zdsft"/>
            </intent-filter>
        </receiver>
        <!--给广播1注册权限-->
        <receiver android:name=".broadcastreceive.MyBroadcastReceive1">
            <intent-filter android:priority="200">
                <action android:name="com.zdsft"/>
            </intent-filter>
        </receiver>
        <!--给广播2注册权限-->
        <receiver android:name=".broadcastreceive.MyBroadcastReceive2">
            <intent-filter android:priority="999">
                <action android:name="com.zdsft"/>
            </intent-filter>
        </receiver>
    </application>

</manifest>

写一个测试类,来发送广播

package com.zdsft.administrator.mybroadcastreceiver;

import android.app.Activity;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.view.View;
import android.widget.Button;

public class MainActivity extends Activity {
    Button send_btn;
    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
        findViewById(R.id.send_btn).setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
            @Override
            public void onClick(View view) {
                //给各广播
                Intent intent = new Intent("com.zdsft");
                //发送无序广播
                sendBroadcast(intent);
                //发送有序广播
//              sendOrderedBroadcast(intent,null);
            }
        });
    }
}

测试类的布局activity_main.xml 

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout
    xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent"
   >

    <Button
        android:id="@+id/send_btn"
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:text="发送广播"/>
</LinearLayout>

这是静态注册广播的用法