牛客网暑期ACM多校训练营（第一场） F Sum of Maximum(组合数学，拉格朗日插值）

Given a1, a2, …, an, find
modulo (109+7).
输入描述： The input consists of several test cases and is terminated by end-of-file. The first line of each test case contains an integer n. The second line contains n integers a1, a2, …, an. 输出描述： For each test case, print an integer which denotes the result. 备注 * 1 ≤ n ≤ 1000 * 1 ≤ ai ≤ 109 * The number of test cases does not exceed 10. 示例1: 输入 2 1 2 5 2 3 3 3 3
输出 3 453

题目连接：https://www.nowcoder.com/acm/contest/139#question

思路：

看了大神的博客：http://tokitsukaze.live/2018/07/19/2018niuke1.F/

重点：
公式：
然后是拉格朗日求多项值 用的杜教板子，对于形如这样的多项式求和
然后就可以用杜教板子，最高项不超过k,算出k+1个点值就可以丢进去了，polysum(n-i+1,b,a[i]+1)

accode

#include<bits/stdc++.h>
#define LL long long
#define INF 0x3f3f3f3f
#define ll long long
#define ULL unsigned long long
using namespace std;
const int maxn = 1000+4;
const LL mod =  1e9+7;
LL a[maxn];
int n;
LL b[maxn];
namespace polysum {
    #define rep(i,a,n) for (int i=a;i<n;i++)
    #define per(i,a,n) for (int i=n-1;i>=a;i--)
    const int D=2010;
    ll a[D],f[D],g[D],p[D],p1[D],p2[D],b[D],h[D][2],C[D];
    ll powmod(ll a,ll b){ll res=1;a%=mod;assert(b>=0);for(;b;b>>=1){if(b&1)res=res*a%mod;a=a*a%mod;}return res;}
    ll calcn(int d,ll *a,ll n) { // a[0].. a[d]  a[n]
        if (n<=d) return a[n];
        p1[0]=p2[0]=1;
        rep(i,0,d+1) {
            ll t=(n-i+mod)%mod;
            p1[i+1]=p1[i]*t%mod;
        }
        rep(i,0,d+1) {
            ll t=(n-d+i+mod)%mod;
            p2[i+1]=p2[i]*t%mod;
        }
        ll ans=0;
        rep(i,0,d+1) {
            ll t=g[i]*g[d-i]%mod*p1[i]%mod*p2[d-i]%mod*a[i]%mod;
            if ((d-i)&1) ans=(ans-t+mod)%mod;
            else ans=(ans+t)%mod;
        }
        return ans;
    }
    void init(int M) {
        f[0]=f[1]=g[0]=g[1]=1;
        rep(i,2,M+5) f[i]=f[i-1]*i%mod;
        g[M+4]=powmod(f[M+4],mod-2);
        per(i,1,M+4) g[i]=g[i+1]*(i+1)%mod;
    }
    ll polysum(ll m,ll *a,ll n) { // a[0].. a[m] \sum_{i=0}^{n-1} a[i]
        ll b[D];
        for(int i=0;i<=m;i++) b[i]=a[i];
        b[m+1]=calcn(m,b,m+1);
        rep(i,1,m+2) b[i]=(b[i-1]+b[i])%mod;
        return calcn(m+1,b,n-1);
    }
    ll qpolysum(ll R,ll n,ll *a,ll m) { // a[0].. a[m] \sum_{i=0}^{n-1} a[i]*R^i
        if (R==1) return polysum(n,a,m);
        a[m+1]=calcn(m,a,m+1);
        ll r=powmod(R,mod-2),p3=0,p4=0,c,ans;
        h[0][0]=0;h[0][1]=1;
        rep(i,1,m+2) {
            h[i][0]=(h[i-1][0]+a[i-1])*r%mod;
            h[i][1]=h[i-1][1]*r%mod;
        }
        rep(i,0,m+2) {
            ll t=g[i]*g[m+1-i]%mod;
            if (i&1) p3=((p3-h[i][0]*t)%mod+mod)%mod,p4=((p4-h[i][1]*t)%mod+mod)%mod;
            else p3=(p3+h[i][0]*t)%mod,p4=(p4+h[i][1]*t)%mod;
        }
        c=powmod(p4,mod-2)*(mod-p3)%mod;
        rep(i,0,m+2) h[i][0]=(h[i][0]+h[i][1]*c)%mod;
        rep(i,0,m+2) C[i]=h[i][0];
        ans=(calcn(m,C,n)*powmod(R,n)-c)%mod;
        if (ans<0) ans+=mod;
        return ans;
    }
} // polysum::init();
LL pow2(LL a,LL b)
{
    LL res = 1;
    while(b){
        if(b&1) res = res%mod*a%mod%mod;
        a = a%mod*a%mod%mod;
        b>>=1;
    }
    return res%mod;
}
int main()
{
    LL ans;
    LL now;
    polysum::init(1000+32);
    while(~scanf("%d",&n))
    {
        for(int i = 1;i<=n;i++){
            scanf("%lld",&a[i]);
        }
        now = 1;
        ans = 0;
        sort(a+1,a+1+n);
        for(int i = 1;i<=n;i++){
            if(a[i]==a[i-1]) continue;
            b[0] = 0;
            for(int j = 1;j<=n-i+1;j++){
                b[j] =  j%mod*(pow2(j,n-i+1)%mod-pow2(j-1,n-i+1)%mod+mod)%mod;
            }
            ans = (ans%mod+now*(polysum::polysum(n-i+1,b,a[i]+1)%mod-polysum::polysum(n-i+1,b,a[i-1]+1)%mod+mod)%mod)%mod;
            now = (now%mod*a[i]%mod)%mod;
        }
        printf("%lld\n",ans);
    }
}