【Linux常用命令】之df命令

Linux常用命令之df命令

作者简介

听雨：一名在一线从事多年研发的程序员，从事网站后台开发，熟悉java技术栈，对前端技术也有研究，同时也是一名骑行爱好者。
Darren：一个工作经验用了N年的，资深划水人士，除了工作无其他爱好

口号：记录在开发中遇到日常问题、棘手问题的解法和思路

常用命令之df

背景介绍

df 于显示系统中所有文件系统的磁盘空间使用情况，可以提供磁盘已用大小、总大小、可用空间、已用空间以及挂载点灯信息，是Linux中基本命令之一。

常用参数

参数	解释
-a	显示所有文件系统
-h	更已读的方式显示
-H	以1kb=1000b为单位换算
-i	显示索引字节信息
-k	显示时的块大小
-l	只显示本地文件系统
-t	只展示指定类型的文件系统
-T	显示文件系统类型
-sync	在获取磁盘使用信息前先执行sync同步命令

例如
默认情况下，df只显示具有可用空间的文件系统。使用-a参数可以显示所有文件系统，包括那些没有挂载的。

root@master:~/temp/df# df 
Filesystem                        1K-blocks     Used Available Use% Mounted on
tmpfs                               1420544     1288   1419256   1% /run
/dev/mapper/ubuntu--vg-ubuntu--lv 152426844 35996080 109703968  25% /
tmpfs                               7102712       28   7102684   1% /dev/shm
tmpfs                                  5120        0      5120   0% /run/lock
/dev/sda2                           1992552   258320   1612992  14% /boot
overlay                           152426844 35996080 109703968  25% /var/lib/docker/overlay2/4faf7ecb6ebe8f8b2ab43f185eb054e52302c91321ab0abdd4ad6c4ec4fab018/merged
overlay                           152426844 35996080 109703968  25% /var/lib/docker/overlay2/07579c76864d8db0e054ccf6fec1eef9522883de063685f55b5143539ce3b36e/merged
overlay                           152426844 35996080 109703968  25% /var/lib/docker/overlay2/1750ec67b9fe01f114dfc060bf7341a1ac5d4980390a852ff2cf5fab960202e9/merged
overlay                           152426844 35996080 109703968  25% /var/lib/docker/overlay2/4399b617478c7c610556b64aa87b00a756867cedee44aed443209e8897af9091/merged
overlay                           152426844 35996080 109703968  25% /var/lib/docker/overlay2/6b9f8b5f8b5969a8b67f11901f87ed76412ea5da0d6816f16b41c790a13fd913/merged
tmpfs                               1420540        4   1420536   1% /run/user/1000
root@master:~/temp/df# 
# 对比一下
root@master:~/temp/df# df -a
Filesystem                        1K-blocks     Used Available Use% Mounted on
sysfs                                     0        0         0    - /sys
proc                                      0        0         0    - /proc
udev                                7044464        0   7044464   0% /dev
devpts                                    0        0         0    - /dev/pts
tmpfs                               1420544     1288   1419256   1% /run
/dev/mapper/ubuntu--vg-ubuntu--lv 152426844 35996012 109704036  25% /
securityfs                                0        0         0    - /sys/kernel/security
tmpfs                               7102712       28   7102684   1% /dev/shm
tmpfs                                  5120        0      5120   0% /run/lock
cgroup2                                   0        0         0    - /sys/fs/cgroup
pstore                                    0        0         0    - /sys/fs/pstore
bpf                                       0        0         0    - /sys/fs/bpf
systemd-1                                 -        -         -    - /proc/sys/fs/binfmt_misc
hugetlbfs                                 0        0         0    - /dev/hugepages
mqueue                                    0        0         0    - /dev/mqueue
debugfs                                   0        0         0    - /sys/kernel/debug
tracefs                                   0        0         0    - /sys/kernel/tracing
fusectl                                   0        0         0    - /sys/fs/fuse/connections
configfs                                  0        0         0    - /sys/kernel/config
none                                      0        0         0    - /run/credentials/systemd-sysusers.service
/dev/sda2                           1992552   258320   1612992  14% /boot
binfmt_misc                               0        0         0    - /proc/sys/fs/binfmt_misc
overlay                           152426844 35996012 109704036  25% /var/lib/docker/overlay2/4faf7ecb6ebe8f8b2ab43f185eb054e52302c91321ab0abdd4ad6c4ec4fab018/merged
overlay                           152426844 35996012 109704036  25% /var/lib/docker/overlay2/07579c76864d8db0e054ccf6fec1eef9522883de063685f55b5143539ce3b36e/merged
overlay                           152426844 35996012 109704036  25% /var/lib/docker/overlay2/1750ec67b9fe01f114dfc060bf7341a1ac5d4980390a852ff2cf5fab960202e9/merged
overlay                           152426844 35996012 109704036  25% /var/lib/docker/overlay2/4399b617478c7c610556b64aa87b00a756867cedee44aed443209e8897af9091/merged
overlay                           152426844 35996012 109704036  25% /var/lib/docker/overlay2/6b9f8b5f8b5969a8b67f11901f87ed76412ea5da0d6816f16b41c790a13fd913/merged
nsfs                                      0        0         0    - /run/docker/netns/f3710e73563a
nsfs                                      0        0         0    - /run/docker/netns/10fa49d5fd1c
nsfs                                      0        0         0    - /run/docker/netns/1bb1055b3183
nsfs                                      0        0         0    - /run/docker/netns/0ef401d290d8
nsfs                                      0        0         0    - /run/docker/netns/38e83208bfad
tmpfs                               1420540        4   1420536   1% /run/user/1000
root@master:~/temp/df# 

更宜读的方式

root@master:~/temp/df# df -h
Filesystem                         Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
tmpfs                              1.4G  1.3M  1.4G   1% /run
/dev/mapper/ubuntu--vg-ubuntu--lv  146G   35G  105G  25% /
tmpfs                              6.8G   28K  6.8G   1% /dev/shm
tmpfs                              5.0M     0  5.0M   0% /run/lock
/dev/sda2                          2.0G  253M  1.6G  14% /boot
overlay                            146G   35G  105G  25% /var/lib/docker/overlay2/4faf7ecb6ebe8f8b2ab43f185eb054e52302c91321ab0abdd4ad6c4ec4fab018/merged
overlay                            146G   35G  105G  25% /var/lib/docker/overlay2/07579c76864d8db0e054ccf6fec1eef9522883de063685f55b5143539ce3b36e/merged
overlay                            146G   35G  105G  25% /var/lib/docker/overlay2/1750ec67b9fe01f114dfc060bf7341a1ac5d4980390a852ff2cf5fab960202e9/merged
overlay                            146G   35G  105G  25% /var/lib/docker/overlay2/4399b617478c7c610556b64aa87b00a756867cedee44aed443209e8897af9091/merged
overlay                            146G   35G  105G  25% /var/lib/docker/overlay2/6b9f8b5f8b5969a8b67f11901f87ed76412ea5da0d6816f16b41c790a13fd913/merged
tmpfs                              1.4G  4.0K  1.4G   1% /run/user/1000
root@master:~/temp/df#

按照1000的进位展示，所以有时候会觉得不太准确

root@master:~/temp/df# df -H
Filesystem                         Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
tmpfs                              1.5G  1.4M  1.5G   1% /run
/dev/mapper/ubuntu--vg-ubuntu--lv  157G   37G  113G  25% /
tmpfs                              7.3G   29k  7.3G   1% /dev/shm
tmpfs                              5.3M     0  5.3M   0% /run/lock
/dev/sda2                          2.1G  265M  1.7G  14% /boot
overlay                            157G   37G  113G  25% /var/lib/docker/overlay2/4faf7ecb6ebe8f8b2ab43f185eb054e52302c91321ab0abdd4ad6c4ec4fab018/merged
overlay                            157G   37G  113G  25% /var/lib/docker/overlay2/07579c76864d8db0e054ccf6fec1eef9522883de063685f55b5143539ce3b36e/merged
overlay                            157G   37G  113G  25% /var/lib/docker/overlay2/1750ec67b9fe01f114dfc060bf7341a1ac5d4980390a852ff2cf5fab960202e9/merged
overlay                            157G   37G  113G  25% /var/lib/docker/overlay2/4399b617478c7c610556b64aa87b00a756867cedee44aed443209e8897af9091/merged
overlay                            157G   37G  113G  25% /var/lib/docker/overlay2/6b9f8b5f8b5969a8b67f11901f87ed76412ea5da0d6816f16b41c790a13fd913/merged
tmpfs                              1.5G  4.1k  1.5G   1% /run/user/1000
root@master:~/temp/df# 

显示节点信息

root@master:~/temp/df# df -i
Filesystem                         Inodes  IUsed   IFree IUse% Mounted on
tmpfs                             1775678    934 1774744    1% /run
/dev/mapper/ubuntu--vg-ubuntu--lv 9699328 491361 9207967    6% /
tmpfs                             1775678      2 1775676    1% /dev/shm
tmpfs                             1775678      3 1775675    1% /run/lock
/dev/sda2                          131072    320  130752    1% /boot
overlay                           9699328 491361 9207967    6% /var/lib/docker/overlay2/4faf7ecb6ebe8f8b2ab43f185eb054e52302c91321ab0abdd4ad6c4ec4fab018/merged
overlay                           9699328 491361 9207967    6% /var/lib/docker/overlay2/07579c76864d8db0e054ccf6fec1eef9522883de063685f55b5143539ce3b36e/merged
overlay                           9699328 491361 9207967    6% /var/lib/docker/overlay2/1750ec67b9fe01f114dfc060bf7341a1ac5d4980390a852ff2cf5fab960202e9/merged
overlay                           9699328 491361 9207967    6% /var/lib/docker/overlay2/4399b617478c7c610556b64aa87b00a756867cedee44aed443209e8897af9091/merged
overlay                           9699328 491361 9207967    6% /var/lib/docker/overlay2/6b9f8b5f8b5969a8b67f11901f87ed76412ea5da0d6816f16b41c790a13fd913/merged
tmpfs                              355135     25  355110    1% /run/user/1000
root@master:~/temp/df# 

显示块大小

root@master:~/temp/df# df -k
Filesystem                        1K-blocks     Used Available Use% Mounted on
tmpfs                               1420544     1288   1419256   1% /run
/dev/mapper/ubuntu--vg-ubuntu--lv 152426844 35996536 109703512  25% /
tmpfs                               7102712       28   7102684   1% /dev/shm
tmpfs                                  5120        0      5120   0% /run/lock
/dev/sda2                           1992552   258320   1612992  14% /boot
overlay                           152426844 35996536 109703512  25% /var/lib/docker/overlay2/4faf7ecb6ebe8f8b2ab43f185eb054e52302c91321ab0abdd4ad6c4ec4fab018/merged
overlay                           152426844 35996536 109703512  25% /var/lib/docker/overlay2/07579c76864d8db0e054ccf6fec1eef9522883de063685f55b5143539ce3b36e/merged
overlay                           152426844 35996536 109703512  25% /var/lib/docker/overlay2/1750ec67b9fe01f114dfc060bf7341a1ac5d4980390a852ff2cf5fab960202e9/merged
overlay                           152426844 35996536 109703512  25% /var/lib/docker/overlay2/4399b617478c7c610556b64aa87b00a756867cedee44aed443209e8897af9091/merged
overlay                           152426844 35996536 109703512  25% /var/lib/docker/overlay2/6b9f8b5f8b5969a8b67f11901f87ed76412ea5da0d6816f16b41c790a13fd913/merged
tmpfs                               1420540        4   1420536   1% /run/user/1000
root@master:~/temp/df# 

显示本地系统，有网络盘则不显示

root@master:~/temp/df# df -l
Filesystem                        1K-blocks     Used Available Use% Mounted on
tmpfs                               1420544     1288   1419256   1% /run
/dev/mapper/ubuntu--vg-ubuntu--lv 152426844 35996616 109703432  25% /
tmpfs                               7102712       28   7102684   1% /dev/shm
tmpfs                                  5120        0      5120   0% /run/lock
/dev/sda2                           1992552   258320   1612992  14% /boot
overlay                           152426844 35996616 109703432  25% /var/lib/docker/overlay2/4faf7ecb6ebe8f8b2ab43f185eb054e52302c91321ab0abdd4ad6c4ec4fab018/merged
overlay                           152426844 35996616 109703432  25% /var/lib/docker/overlay2/07579c76864d8db0e054ccf6fec1eef9522883de063685f55b5143539ce3b36e/merged
overlay                           152426844 35996616 109703432  25% /var/lib/docker/overlay2/1750ec67b9fe01f114dfc060bf7341a1ac5d4980390a852ff2cf5fab960202e9/merged
overlay                           152426844 35996616 109703432  25% /var/lib/docker/overlay2/4399b617478c7c610556b64aa87b00a756867cedee44aed443209e8897af9091/merged
overlay                           152426844 35996616 109703432  25% /var/lib/docker/overlay2/6b9f8b5f8b5969a8b67f11901f87ed76412ea5da0d6816f16b41c790a13fd913/merged
tmpfs                               1420540        4   1420536   1% /run/user/1000
root@master:~/temp/df# 

指定文件类型查看

root@master:~/temp/df# df -t tmpfs
Filesystem     1K-blocks  Used Available Use% Mounted on
tmpfs            1420544  1288   1419256   1% /run
tmpfs            7102712    28   7102684   1% /dev/shm
tmpfs               5120     0      5120   0% /run/lock
tmpfs            1420540     4   1420536   1% /run/user/1000
root@master:~/temp/df# 

显示文件类型

root@master:~/temp/df# df -T
Filesystem                        Type    1K-blocks     Used Available Use% Mounted on
tmpfs                             tmpfs     1420544     1288   1419256   1% /run
/dev/mapper/ubuntu--vg-ubuntu--lv ext4    152426844 35996900 109703148  25% /
tmpfs                             tmpfs     7102712       28   7102684   1% /dev/shm
tmpfs                             tmpfs        5120        0      5120   0% /run/lock
/dev/sda2                         ext4      1992552   258320   1612992  14% /boot
overlay                           overlay 152426844 35996900 109703148  25% /var/lib/docker/overlay2/4faf7ecb6ebe8f8b2ab43f185eb054e52302c91321ab0abdd4ad6c4ec4fab018/merged
overlay                           overlay 152426844 35996900 109703148  25% /var/lib/docker/overlay2/07579c76864d8db0e054ccf6fec1eef9522883de063685f55b5143539ce3b36e/merged
overlay                           overlay 152426844 35996900 109703148  25% /var/lib/docker/overlay2/1750ec67b9fe01f114dfc060bf7341a1ac5d4980390a852ff2cf5fab960202e9/merged
overlay                           overlay 152426844 35996900 109703148  25% /var/lib/docker/overlay2/4399b617478c7c610556b64aa87b00a756867cedee44aed443209e8897af9091/merged
overlay                           overlay 152426844 35996900 109703148  25% /var/lib/docker/overlay2/6b9f8b5f8b5969a8b67f11901f87ed76412ea5da0d6816f16b41c790a13fd913/merged
tmpfs                             tmpfs     1420540        4   1420536   1% /run/user/1000
root@master:~/temp/df# 

我习惯用的有df -TH显示容量情况

root@master:~/temp/df# df -Th
Filesystem                        Type     Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
tmpfs                             tmpfs    1.4G  1.3M  1.4G   1% /run
/dev/mapper/ubuntu--vg-ubuntu--lv ext4     146G   35G  105G  25% /
tmpfs                             tmpfs    6.8G   28K  6.8G   1% /dev/shm
tmpfs                             tmpfs    5.0M     0  5.0M   0% /run/lock
/dev/sda2                         ext4     2.0G  253M  1.6G  14% /boot
overlay                           overlay  146G   35G  105G  25% /var/lib/docker/overlay2/4faf7ecb6ebe8f8b2ab43f185eb054e52302c91321ab0abdd4ad6c4ec4fab018/merged
overlay                           overlay  146G   35G  105G  25% /var/lib/docker/overlay2/07579c76864d8db0e054ccf6fec1eef9522883de063685f55b5143539ce3b36e/merged
overlay                           overlay  146G   35G  105G  25% /var/lib/docker/overlay2/1750ec67b9fe01f114dfc060bf7341a1ac5d4980390a852ff2cf5fab960202e9/merged
overlay                           overlay  146G   35G  105G  25% /var/lib/docker/overlay2/4399b617478c7c610556b64aa87b00a756867cedee44aed443209e8897af9091/merged
overlay                           overlay  146G   35G  105G  25% /var/lib/docker/overlay2/6b9f8b5f8b5969a8b67f11901f87ed76412ea5da0d6816f16b41c790a13fd913/merged
tmpfs                             tmpfs    1.4G  4.0K  1.4G   1% /run/user/1000
root@master:~/temp/df# 

总结

df命令是Linux系统中不可或缺的工具之一，可以让我们对磁盘使用情况有个直观的认识，通过使用df命令加上对应的参数可以完成不同的使用场景，从而更好地管理磁盘资源。

参考：《Linux常用命令自学手册》