1,HandlerMapping(处理器映射器)
注意,下文所说的处理器即我们平时所见到的 Controller
HandlerMapping 是负责根据 request 请求找到对应的 Handler 处理器及 Interceptor 拦截器,将它们封装在 HandlerExecutionChain 对象中返回给前端控制器。
1.1 BeanNameUrlHandlerMapping
BeanNameUrl 处理器映射器,根据请求的 url 与 Spring 容器中定义的 bean 的 name 进行匹配,从而从 Spring 容器中找到 bean 实例,就是说,请求的 Url 地址就是处理器 Bean 的名字。
这个 HandlerMapping 配置如下:
<bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.handler.BeanNameUrlHandlerMapping" id="handlerMapping">
<property name="beanName" value="/hello"/>
</bean>
1.2 SimpleUrlHandlerMapping
SimpleUrlHandlerMapping 是 BeanNameUrlHandlerMapping 的增强版本,它可以将 url 和处理器 bean 的 id 进行统一映射配置:
<bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.handler.SimpleUrlHandlerMapping" id="handlerMapping">
<property name="mappings">
<props>
<prop key="/newhellworldServlet1">hellworldServlet1</prop>
<prop key="/newhellworldServlet2">hellworldServlet2</prop>
</props>
</property>
</bean>
注意,在 props 中,可以配置多个请求路径和处理器实例的映射关系。
1.3 代码演示
1.3.1 新建 HelloWorldController2
package com.study.controller;
import com.study.service.HelloService;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.Controller;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
public class HelloWorldController2 implements Controller {
@Autowired
HelloService helloService;
/**
* 处理请求
* @param request 前端发送来的请求
* @param response 服务端给前端的响应
* @return 返回modelamdView model是数据 view是视图
* @throws Exception
*/
public ModelAndView handleRequest(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws Exception {
ModelAndView modelAndView = new ModelAndView("hello");
modelAndView.addObject("name"," HelloWorldController2 hello mvc");
String java_long = helloService.hello("HelloWorldController java long");
System.out.println(java_long);
return modelAndView;
}
}
1.3.2 修改 HelloWorldController
package com.study.controller;
import com.study.service.HelloService;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.Controller;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
public class HelloWorldController implements Controller {
@Autowired
HelloService helloService;
/**
* 处理请求
* @param request 前端发送来的请求
* @param response 服务端给前端的响应
* @return 返回modelamdView model是数据 view是视图
* @throws Exception
*/
public ModelAndView handleRequest(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws Exception {
ModelAndView modelAndView = new ModelAndView("hello");
modelAndView.addObject("name"," HelloWorldController hello mvc");
String java_long = helloService.hello("HelloWorldController java long");
System.out.println(java_long);
return modelAndView;
}
}
1.3.3 修改 spring-servlet.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context https://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd">
<!--配置HelloWorldController实例-->
<bean class="com.study.controller.HelloWorldController" name="hellworldServlet1"/>
<bean class="com.study.controller.HelloWorldController2" name="hellworldServlet2"/>
<!--配置扫描controller-->
<context:component-scan base-package="com.study" use-default-filters="false">
<!--只扫描controller-->
<context:include-filter type="annotation" expression="org.springframework.stereotype.Controller"/>
</context:component-scan>
<!--这个是处理器映射器,这种方式,请求地址其实就是一个 Bean 的名字,然后根据这个 bean 的名字查找对应的处理器-->
<!-- <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.handler.BeanNameUrlHandlerMapping" id="handlerMapping">-->
<!-- <property name="beanName" value="/helloworld"/>-->
<!-- </bean>-->
<bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.handler.SimpleUrlHandlerMapping" id="handlerMapping">
<property name="mappings">
<props>
<prop key="/newhellworldServlet1">hellworldServlet1</prop>
<prop key="/newhellworldServlet2">hellworldServlet2</prop>
</props>
</property>
</bean>
<!--处理器适配器-->
<bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.SimpleControllerHandlerAdapter" id="handlerAdapter"/>
<!--视图解析器-->
<bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver" id="viewResolver">
<property name="prefix" value="/jsp/"/>
<property name="suffix" value=".jsp"/>
</bean>
</beans>
1.3.4 代码目录结构
2,HandlerAdapter(处理器适配器)
HandlerAdapter,中文译作处理器适配器。
HandlerAdapter 会根据适配器接口对后端控制器进行包装(适配),包装后即可对处理器进行执行,通过扩展处理器适配器可以执行多种类型的处理器,这里使用了适配器设计模式。
2.1 SimpleControllerHandlerAdapter
SimpleControllerHandlerAdapter 简单控制器处理器适配器,所有实现了 org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.Controller 接口的 Bean 通过此适配器进行适配、执行,也就是说,如果我们开发的接口是通过实现 Controller 接口来完成的(不是通过注解开发的接口),那么 HandlerAdapter 必须是 SimpleControllerHandlerAdapter。
<bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.SimpleControllerHandlerAdapter" />
2.2 HttpRequestHandlerAdapter
HttpRequestHandlerAdapter,http 请求处理器适配器,所有实现了 org.springframework.web.HttpRequestHandler 接口的 Bean 通过此适配器进行适配、执行。
2.2.1 代码演示
2.2.1.1 创建
package com.study.controller;
import com.study.service.HelloService;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.web.HttpRequestHandler;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;
@Controller
public class HelloWorldController3 implements HttpRequestHandler {
@Autowired
HelloService helloService;
public void handleRequest(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
System.out.println("-----HelloWorldController3-----");
}
}
2.2.1.2 在spring-servlet.xml添加配置
<bean class="com.study.controller.HelloWorldController3" name="hellworldServlet3"/>
<bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.handler.SimpleUrlHandlerMapping" id="handlerMapping2">
<property name="mappings">
<props>
<prop key="/newhellworldServlet3">hellworldServlet3</prop>
</props>
</property>
</bean>
<bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.HttpRequestHandlerAdapter" id="handlerAdapter2"/>
2.2.1.3 代码目录
3,处理器映射器和处理器适配器最佳实践
3.1,组件自动扫描
web 开发中,我们基本上不再通过 XML 或者 Java 配置来创建一个 Bean 的实例,而是直接通过组件扫描来实现 Bean 的配置,如果要扫描多个包,多个包之间用 , 隔开即可:
<context:component-scan base-package="org.sang"/>
3.2,代码演示
3.2.1 创建 MyComtroller
package com.study.controller;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMethod;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView;
@Controller
public class MyComtroller {
@RequestMapping(value = "/hello01",method = RequestMethod.GET)
public ModelAndView hello01(){
ModelAndView modelAndView = new ModelAndView("hello");
modelAndView.addObject("name","MyComtroller - hello01");
return modelAndView;
}
@RequestMapping(value = "/hello02",method = RequestMethod.GET)
public ModelAndView hello02(){
ModelAndView modelAndView = new ModelAndView("hello");
modelAndView.addObject("name","MyComtroller - hello02");
return modelAndView;
}
}
3.2.2 创建 spring-servlet.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context https://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd">
<!--配置扫描controller-->
<context:component-scan base-package="com.study" use-default-filters="false">
<!--只扫描controller-->
<context:include-filter type="annotation" expression="org.springframework.stereotype.Controller"/>
</context:component-scan>
<!-- <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.method.annotation.RequestMappingHandlerMapping"-->
<!-- id="requestMappingHandlerMapping"></bean>-->
<!-- <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.method.annotation.RequestMappingHandlerAdapter"-->
<!--可以代替上面两个-->
<context:component-scan base-package="com.study"/>
<!--视图解析器-->
<bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver" id="viewResolver">
<property name="prefix" value="/jsp/"/>
<property name="suffix" value=".jsp"/>
</bean>
</beans>
3.2.3 创建 applicationContext.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context https://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd">
<context:component-scan base-package="com.study" use-default-filters="true">
<!--去除扫描controller-->
<context:exclude-filter type="annotation" expression="org.springframework.stereotype.Controller"/>
</context:component-scan>
</beans>
3.2.4 创建 web.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_4_0.xsd"
version="4.0">
<!--配置扫描监听器-->
<context-param>
<param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
<param-value>classpath:applicationContext.xml</param-value>
</context-param>
<!--配件监听器-->
<listener>
<listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener</listener-class>
</listener>
<servlet>
<servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
<init-param>
<param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
<param-value>classpath:spring-servlet.xml</param-value>
</init-param>
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
</web-app>
3.2.5 创建 hello.jsp
<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<html>
<head>
<title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>${name}!</h1>
</body>
</html>
3.2.6 项目目录结构